译林高二英语精源ppt：必修5-unit1-Grammar-课件.ppt

Grammar in U1M5,The grammar items in this unit focus on the to infinitive,the bare infinitive and the verb-ing form as a noun.We are expected to recognize the basic forms of the to infinitive and the bare infinitive and learn how to use them in different situations.We will also learn how to use the verb-ing form as a noun in various situations.At the same time,we are expected to apply what we have learnt by doing some written tasks.,To infinitive nfntv The to infinitive is to+the base form of a verb,e.g.,to do and to work.It can be used alone or as part of an infinitive phrase.1.The to infinitive can be:A.the subject To find a best friend is difficult.=It is difficult to find a best friend.,B.the object I need to sleep for eight hours every night.常跟不定式作宾语的动词：,C.the object complement I asked him to come over.有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语宾语to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议 allow允许ask询问；要求 beg恳求 cause导致 encourage鼓励permit准许 forbid禁止 force强迫 intend打算 invite邀请 order命令；要求,persuade说服 prefer更喜欢 require需要；要求 teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉want想要 warn警告 wish希望；想要 wait for等待 call on号召；要求 depend on依靠 D.the attributive trbjtv I have a very important meeting to attend.,E.the predicative prdktv His aim was to cheer me up.F.the adverbial dv:bl You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend.2.The to infinitive can also have a continuous kntnjus or perfect form.Things seem to be getting better.John pretended not to have seen me.,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,Bare infinitive Another kind of infinitive is the bare infinitive.It is the infinitive without to 1.We use the bare infinitive after:A.let and make and sometimes haveI let her borrow my book.She made me promise to write every day.The teacher often has his students read aloud in class.,B.verbs of perception psepn:feel,hear,see and watchI saw her talk to her new friends.下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear,listen to)，三让(let，have,make)，五看(see,notice,observe,watch,look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。,Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。Tip:Verbs of perception can also be used with verb-ing but with different meanings.I saw her talk to her new friends.(I witnessed the whole conversation.),I saw her talking to her new friends.(When I saw her,she was talking to her new friends.I might or might not have witnessed the whole conversation.)C.would rather,had better and why notI would rather go swimmingYou had better tidy your bedroom.Why not visit your cousin in Japan?,2.When two infinitives are joined by and,or,except,but,than or rather than,we sometimes use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive.She told me to be cheerful and look on the bright side（对坏情况）持乐观态度，看到光明的一面.Do you want to go shopping or watch a film?We had nothing to do but watch TV.I decided to write rather than phone.,Verb-ing form as a noun1.Verb-ing forms can be used like nouns.They can be used A.as the subject of a sentence when we talk about an action in a general way Swimming is good for your health.B.as the object of a sentence when we talk about an action in a general way,I love swimming in the sea during the summer.C.after prepositions I keep fit by swimming every day.2.We use a verb-ing form,not an infinitive,after these verbsadmit dislike imagine delay consider mind understand avoid enjoy practise miss finish keep suggest,3.Some common phrases are used with verb-ing forms.A.cannot helpI cannot help wondering why she does not like me.B.look forward to I look forward to seeing you at the party.,C.feel likeI dont feel like doing anything now.D.cannot standShe cannot stand seeing that boy.E.put offI have to put off shopping till tomorrow.F.keep onHe kept on asking me for my phone number.,类似的还有:be/get used to(习惯于),insist on(坚持),get down to(开始认真做某事),devote.to.(致力于),object to(反对),stick to(坚持),give up(放弃)lead to 导致,4.We can use a verb-ing form or a to infinitive after the following verbs,with little difference in meaning.continue prefer begin hate like start love 5.Some verbs can be followed by a verb-ing form or a to infinitive,but with some difference in meaning or usage.We need to make sure we use the correct form.forget regret remember mean try,A.forget+to infinitive(The to infinitive here refers to an action that has not been done.)He forgot to close the door when he left.B.forget+verb-ing form(The verb-ing form here refers to an action that has been done.)Ill never forget winning my first gold medal.,C.regret+to infinitive(This is a polite way to say that youre sorry or sad about a situation.)I regret to inform you that the flight has been cancelled.D.regret verb-ing form(This means you feel sorry about something that you have done.)I regretted telling him about the accident.,Ma Yan is writing a short e-mail to her friend,Xu Dong,about her views on chat rooms.Read her notes and help her complete the e-mail.Notesfirst visit:a year agoregular chats:2 months laterchat every daypretend Im someone elsedont talk to real friends as much as before,sometimes chat all eveningmum stops me at about 10 p.m.didnt do homeworkmust pass exams,or mum will sell computermake a change,I first began(1)_ Internet chat rooms about a year ago.I started(2)_ regularly about two months later,and now I chat on the Internet daily.I love(3)_ chat rooms because sometimes I feel like(4)_ to be someone else online.I love to create a new identity for myself.,visiting/to visit,chatting/to chat,visiting/to visit,pretending,Soon after visiting the chat rooms,I began to talk less to my real friends.I thought they were less exciting than my online friends.I usually enter the chat room at about 8 p.m.and continue(5)_ all evening,sometimes until midnight.But usually my mum makes me(6)_ at about 10 p.m.,chatting/to chat,stop,Mum discourages me from(7)_online.She says I spend an absurd(不合理的，不恰当的）amount of time doing so.My friends say so too.Maybe theyre right.Last week,I even forgot(8)_ my homework.Mum says I had better(9)_ my exams,or she will sell the computer as a punishment.Although I have fun with my online friends,I know,chatting,to do,pass,that my real friends are more important than my online friends.So,Im considering(10)_ a change.,making,C1.Look at what Tom did yesterday.Pay attention to the star that he used to indicate the most important thing he did.Then answer the questions below using to infinitives.P92In the morning6.00 Got up6.30 Had breakfast7.00 Went to work8.30 Attended a meeting,10.00 Had an interview with Mr White 11.00 Posted a letter to my sister 11.30 Invited Tony to have dinner In the afternoon 2.30 Sent e-mails to my customers 5.00 Bought some eggs in the supermarket on my way home from work 6.00 Went to Mr.Henrys to repair his computer and return his books,1.What was the most important thing Tom did yesterday?The most important thing Tom did yesterday was _._ was the most important thing Tom did yesterday.,to have an interview with Mr White,To have an interview with Mr White.,2.Why did Tom go to the post office?Because he had a letter _.3.What did Tom invite Tony to do with him?He invited Tony _with him.,to post to his sister,to have dinner,4.Why did Tom go to the supermarket?He went to the supermarket _.5.Why did he go to Mr Henrys?He went to Mr Henrys _,to buy some eggs,to repair his computer and return his books.,C2.Fill in the blanks,using the correct forms of the words in brackets.1.One girl in the UK,Sarah,regretted _(chat)online after her online friend turned out to be a boy from her class playing a joke on her.2.Sarah said that she wanted _(make)some new friends,so she entered an Internet chat room.,chatting,to make,3.She remembered _(discuss)music with a girl,who called herself Joanne dun.4.The two met up often in the chat room,and after some time,Joanne wanted _(meet)Sarah in real life.5.Sarah felt nervous and excited on the bus journey _(see)her new friend.,discussing,to meet,to see,6.When she arrived,she was shocked _(discover)that her new friend was a boy and that she already knew him.7.Sarah felt like _(cry)when she found out that she had been chatting online with a boy called Joe from her class.8.Joe explained that he did not mean _(hurt)Sarah.He just wanted to play a joke on her.,to discover,crying,to hurt,