专升本英语语法--主谓一致课件.ppt

专升本语法复习主谓一致,在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。,一、谓语动词为单数的情况1.由and连接的 并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼两职或成套事物 a worker and writer;a knife and fork e.g.1.The poet and writer.(come）2.A hammer and a saw useful tools.考点：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整 体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包),knife and fork(刀叉)等 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,has come,are,2.Every and(every)/eachand(each)no and(no),many aand(many a)连接两 个单数名词作主语.e.g.1.Every boy and every girl_ to go swimming.2.No teacher and no student_absent from the meeting.3.Each man and(each)woman _asked to help.,likes,was,is,考点：用连接的并列主语被each,every 或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。something,everything,anything,nothing，somebody,nobody,no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。,思考：1.Many a boy playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。2.More than one student.不只一个学生迟到。3.More persons than one help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。,likes,was late,come to,考点：若主语中有more than one 或many a/an，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍 用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语 时,谓语动词仍用复数。,e.g.1.Serving the people _my greatest happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.2.When well go out for an outing_.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。,is,has been decided,3.不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,e.g.1.Air as well as water matter.空气和水都是物质。2.No one except two servants late for the dinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。,is,was,4.单数主语即使后面带有with,along with,together with,like(像),but(除了),except,besides,as well as,no less than,rather than(而不是),including,in addition to引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数,5.one/every one/each/either/the number of+复数名词作主语e.g.Each of us something to say.我们每个人都有话要说。,has,考点：each of+复数代词,谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each,谓语动词用复数。,思考：None of us perfect.人无完人。None of this me.这事一点不使我着急。,are(is),worries,考点：none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数。,6.无生命集体名词clothing/cloth/furniture/traffic/jewelry/luggage/poetry/equipment/machinery（机器)/baggage做主语 e.g.1.Clothing _ badly needed in this flooded area.2.The number of the unemployed _ still increasing.3.All their baggage _ stolen.4.The furniture _ convenient to move.5.All the machinery in the factory _ made in China.6.Jewelry _ used for decoration and wear.,is,is,is,was,is,is,7.以ics结尾的学科名称：physics,mathematics,以-s 结尾的疾病名称：arthritis(关节炎），diabetes（糖尿病），bronchitis(支气管炎）单一政治实体：the United States；The United Nations 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。e.g.Arthritis _a disease causing pain and swelling in the joints of the body.Physics_an important subject in middle schools.,is,is,8.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。e.g.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.,is,（二）谓语动词为复数的情况,1.由and/bothand连接的并列主语 2.有生命的集体名词people,police,cattle,vermin(害虫）,poultry（家禽）等作主语。The police _looking for the missing child.3.由山脉(The Himalayas)、群岛、瀑布(The Niagara Falls)、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games _ held once every four years.5.a number of/a group of+名词作主语。,are,are,6.由两个部分组成的名词，以-s 结尾，scissors，glasses,trousers 谓语动词必须用复数，但这些名词前若出现 a pair of,谓语一般用单数。,e.g.One pair of scissors _ enough.,7.这些以-s结尾的名词：goods,clothes,arms（武器）,fireworks,stairs（楼梯）,wages 做主语，谓语动词用复数。,is,1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。His family _ a great one.His family _ music lovers.2.means,works,pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。The steel works _ near the station.,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,3.“kind,sort,pair,type，amount，quantity+名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。4.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All are present.All the food tastes good.5.“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数、百分数+of+名词”作主语:谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。,例：The rest of the bikes today.剩下的自行车今天特价出售。60%of the apple eaten by the little boy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。,are on sale,was,考点一：主语中有all,half,most,the rest等,以及“分数或百分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复 数取决于连用的名词。,Here the bus 公共汽车来了。Here a pen and some pieces of paper for you.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。,comes,is,1.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,D,2.Mary is one of those people who pets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。,raise,强化练习,3.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：A4.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：主语仍为the father，单数形式；as well as his three children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：C,5._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语 为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：C6.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数 同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时的被动语态。答案：C,7.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have D.quantity；have 解析：a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；a large quantity of不可数名词，谓语用单数。答案：B8.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：有the only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。答案：D,9.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty percent of its population _ peasants.A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are 解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。答案：A10.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Paris tomorrow.A.are to；for B.is to；for C.is to；to D.are to；to 解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for sp.，动身去某地。答案：B,11.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.are B.have C.is D.had 解析：either.or.遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder brother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。答案：C12.30%of the cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat.A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is 解析：句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the cattle，即“牛/余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。答案：A,13.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China.A.were B.have been C.was D.has 解析：the writer and actor指一个人(既是作家也是演员)，谓语动词应为单数。答案：C,Good-bye!,