八年级英语完形填空解题技巧课件.ppt
Skills of Cloze Tests,完形填空解题技巧,一、完形填空的特点是什么？完形填空是一种旨在考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设一空。人名、地名、日期等不在设空之列。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。,文体多以记叙文为主，首句通常不设空。考查内容集中在对名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不认得字、词语的情况下，能否通过推理判断、综合分析等全面理解文章的正确意思，然后把答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。,二、完形填空的考查点“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。重点考查:词语搭配、词语辨析、逻辑推断、前后呼应等，有时兼顾一些讲英语国家的语言及生活习惯等。,词语搭配包括:习惯用语、动词、形容词、副词、介词、名词等的相互搭配；词语辨析包括:近义词的辨析和易混词的辨析；逻辑推断包括:根据上下文的信息判断和逻辑关系，如转折、递进、因果、条件、让步等关系，也包括根据上下文内容，选出一个意思与内容相符合的词或词语；前后呼应是指有些句子如果孤立地理解，可能有多个选择，并且意思都能成立，但把前后文结合或联系起来理解，就只能有一个选择,三、完形填空题的解题步骤及技巧 1.第一步：细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意细读首句:明确短文话题，了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。跳过空格，快速通读，领会大意，把握中心。生词的处理:跳过、判断词性、了解大意、猜 测。,第二步：上下联系，逐句阅读，先易后难，初定答案。答案要求 语法正确,搭配无误,结构完整，意思通顺,前后一致,逻辑得当。怎样分析：A.从空格所在的句子单独考虑。B.从空格所在的前后2-3句考虑。C.从整个段落、整篇短文考虑。思路一:分析句子结构，从语法和句型结构考虑。思路二:理解句子含义，判断句义关系，从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。思路三:把握整体意思，寻找答题线索，从上下文考虑。思路四:结合前后语境，进行逻辑推理，从日常生活常识考虑。,第三步：复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心。怎样验证答案：所选答案是否能使全文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。具体实事是否成立，前后关系是否理顺。语法是否正确，其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章中，反复阅读。,1.Mr Black is a doctor,he works in the _.,hospital,night,no/little,pass,but,Challenge Yourself,2.A nurse not only works in the day,but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy,so he has _time to have lunch at home.4.We have an English test this term,its very easy,most students can _this test.5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday,they were very tired _happy.,Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）,In New York,on a Friday night,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his _16_.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played the violin as usual.,16.A.piano B.guitar C.violin D.sax,violin,violin,Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）,Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）.Suddenly,he came up with an idea.He asked,“How many baskets of 41 are there in the pool?”.as big as the pool,there is one basket of water,41.A.fish B.flowers C.water D.apples,basket of water,water,baskets of,England is a country with weather.It is often windyand rainy.A.nice B.windy C.bad,Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）,Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）There were so many people on the bus that there were _1_ empty seats.When a young man got out,an old man near him wanted to_2_,but the young man pushed him back his seat.“Thank you,”he said,“but please dont do that,I can stand.”1.A.many B.some C.enough D.no2.A.sit down B.get on C.set outD.stand up,When we talked,I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _44_ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.,44.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.later,fifty,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,forty-five,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?”I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 17，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）,17.A.ears B.eyes C.body D.head,sound,deaf,Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）,When two people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking,48.A.for B.of C.with D.to,pay attention,to,Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）,Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）,In the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his surprise,the pond was only filled with water!What happened?Yes!Everyone had the same idea 48 that man.,48.A.with B.to C.as D.of,the same,as,Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）Its Sunday.Some students are going _1_ a trip with their teacher._2_ their way they saw a bus behind them.1.A.to B.for C.on D.at2.A.On B.By C.At D.To,Skill 4：grammar analysis（语法分析）,As a reporter,I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them.I think Ill also make many good 25 and live with them,because I dont like living alone.,25.A.friend B.friends C.friends D.friends,many,s,Skill 4：grammar analysis（语法分析）A little cock lived near the river.One morning the little cock _his beautiful clothes and went for a walk by the river.On his way he met a little duck.A.wore B.had on C.dressed D.put on分析：所给的四个选项是一组同义词组，都表示“穿”，但它们在用法上有所不同。Wear和have on 都可接物作宾语，意为“穿着”，表示状态；put on 也可接“衣物”，作宾语，意为“穿上”，表示动作；而dress 的宾语只能是人，而不能是“衣物”。根据以上分析，再结合原句的意思，可以确定正确答案为D。,Skill 5：background knowledge（背景知识）,All over the world people swim for fun.Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages,from the very young to the very old.There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.,32.A.all B.none C.some D.both,1、context（上下文、语境）,3、regular collocation（固定搭配）,2、logic（逻辑）,Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧),4、grammar analysis（语法分析）,5、background knowledge（背景知识）,Steps of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题步骤),1、跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意,3、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案,2、瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破,Close tests are interesting and challenging,though difficult.,Bye!,
