现代大学英语精读3第一单元知识点归纳.docx

现代大学英语精读3第一单元知识点归纳Unit1 I. Word Study affection n. a gentle feeling of love and caring Examples: Every mother has/feels affection toward her children. He is held in great affection. affectionate a. He looks at her with affectionate looks. cf: affectation n. 矫饰 affirm v. to declare (usually again) positively; strengthen beliefs, ideas, or feelings Examples: affirm ones judgment/innocence affirm sth. to sb. affirm that it is true affirmative a. affirmative reply/nod/reaction apply She is applying for a scholarship. Ointment 'ntmnt n. 软膏, 油膏 We should apply what we have learned to practice. a/the fly in the ointment Not all natural laws can apply to human society. 扫兴的人；煞风景的事物 Apply some of this ointment to the swollen part, and the pain will soon be gone. Capability n. the natural ability, skill, or power that makes you able to do sth. Examples: He has the capabilities of solving/to solve practical problems. Its quite above his capabilities. ability :the power to do sth. well acquired naturally or by learning capacity :ability to hold, contain, or learn faculty: a special ability He has the ability to do the work, but hes too lazy and wont do it. The book is within the reading capacity of young readers. The auditorium has a seating capacity of 300 people. He has a faculty for painting. Contribute v. a. to join with others in giving help, money, etc. b. to help to cause or produce Examples: contribute food and clothing for the refugees contribute to the Red Cross Exercises contribute to ones health. Drinking contributed to his ruin. distribute v. to give things to a large number of people; spread sth. over an area Examples: distribute pictures among children distribute magazines to subscribers distribute manure over a field (manure m'n, -'nj n. 肥料;粪便) counsel v. (fml.) to advise n. advice; opinion; suggestion counselor n. adviser; lawyer Examples: counsel care in the forthcoming negotiation He counseled them giving up/to give up the plan. Distinct a. clearly different or belonging to a different type b. easily seen, understood; plain Examples: Silk is distinct from rayon. They are similar in form but distinct in kind. There is a distinct improvement in his pronunciation rayon 'ren. He is at a distinct a dvantage in the competition n. 人造丝;人造纤维丝 n. distinction ad. Distinctly distinctive a. serving to mark a difference or make distinct Example: Soldiers wear a distinctive uniform. endeavore v. (fml.) to try very hard n. (fml.) effort; attempt Examples: He endeavoreo calm himself down but in vain. His endeavors to persuade her to go with him failed. endowment n. a. a quality or ability that someone has naturally b. money, property, etc. given to provide an income Examples: They are men of great endowments. The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments. endow. a. to possess naturally, be born with b. to give a college, hospital, etc. a large sum of money that will provide it with an income Examples: She is endowed with both beauty and brains. That hospital is privately endowed. Ethical a.connected with principles of what is right and what is wrong Examples: an ethical principlean ethical basis for education ethnic a. a. of race or the races of mankind b. (colloq.) of a particular cultural group Examples: ethnic clothes/food/music/restaurants Excessive a. much more than is reasonable or ecessary Examples: excessive rainfall excessive charges excess n. an excess of enthusiasm. That is a city with a population in excess of two million. handle v. a. to touch, lift or turn with the hands b. to operate with the hands c. to manage, control or cope with d. to buy and sell Examples: This box contains delicate china. Please handle with care. This computer is easy to handle. This shop does not handle imported goods. We have to handle the relationship between our two countries carefully. Inherit v. to receive (genetic characters) from ones parents Examples: inherit money/estate/title(头衔) She inherited her mothers good looks and her fathers bad temper. n. inheritance 继承 遗留物 继承权 n. heritage遗产,传统 interpret a. to make clear the meaning of (either in words or by artistic performance) b. to consider to be the meaning of c. to give an immediate oral translation of Examples: interpret a difficult passage in a book We interpreted his silence as a refusal. Will you interpret for the foreign visitors? n. interpreter口译工作者;口译译员 n. interpretation解释, 说明; 诠释；表演; 演奏 inhibition n. (psych.) a feeling of worry or embarrassment that stops you doing or saying what you really want to Example: Wine weakens a persons inhibitions. inhibit v. to hinder; to restrain inhibit sb. from doing sth. involve v. a. to include as a necessary part or result b. to affect Examples: All reforms involve certain tasks. He was deeply involved in the scandal The building of the dam involved relocating almost one million people. You have to involve every country in the fight against global warming. a. involved n. involvement observe v. a. to see or notice; watch carefully b. to say by way of comment c.遵守 Examples: The accused was observed trying to force the lock of the door. Some scientists observed that global warming is not necessarily related to human activities. n. observation a. observant善于观察的;观察力敏锐的；严守教规的 occur v. a. to happen b. to come into ones mind suddenly n. occurrence Examples: Over the years many floods have occurred in that area. It occurred to him that there was a better way to do it. I guess it never occurred to him to put aside some money for a rainy day. perceive v. (fml.) to become aware of, esp. throughthe eyes or the mind Examples: Musicians can perceive small differences in sounds. He gradually perceived that language and culture cant be separated. a. perceptive洞察力强的 adv. perceptively n. perceptiveness洞察力强;敏锐;理解力 a. perceptible可感觉感受到的,可理解的,可认识的 n. perception project v. a. to planb. to cause a shadow, an outline, etc. on a surfacec. to present sb./sth./yourself to other people in a particular way, esp. one that gives a good impression Examples: project a dam/a new canal project a picture on a screen project the future roles as men or women shrink v. a. to make or become smaller, esp. through wetting b. to move back; show unwillingness to do sth. Examples: Will this shirt shrink in the wash? Car sales have been shrinking recently. A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers. contract v. to make or become smaller or shorter; make or become tighter or narrower Examples: Metals contract as they become cool. (n.合同v.订合同，染上) contract ones muscles/the brows(眉)/forehead II. Phrases and Expressions be equal to v. to be just as good as; have strength, courage,ability etc. for sth. Examples: Many of our products are equal to the best in the world. It is ridiculous to think one race is not equal to another because it has a different skin color. He is equal to doing this task. dawn on/upon v. to begin to appear; grow clear to the mind Cf:It occurs to sb. that Examples: The truth began to dawn on him. It suddenly dawned on me that there was another thing that contributed to their economic success. drag ones feet v. (figurative usage) to delay deliberately Examples:The local authorities are dragging their feet closing these coal mines. I can understand why they are dragging their feet over this reform. The reason is that it will affect their personal interests. for certain ad. certainly; definitely; no doubt Examples: He is probably an accountant. I dont know for certain. I cant say for certain how much this car will cost. It must be in the neighborhood of two hundred thousand yuan. freedom/free from no longer having sth. you do not want freedom from taxation freedom of press/speech Examples: The most important freedom our people should have is the freedom from hunger. An ideal society is one free from exploitation and oppression We look forward to a world founded upon essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expressioneverywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own wayeverywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear anywhere in the world. “ Franklin D. Roosevelt go through 1) to be passed or approved The Bill did not go through. 2) to be concluded The deal did not go through. 3) to discuss in detail Lets go through the arguments again. 4) to search The police went through the pockets of the suspected thief. 5) to complete Lets go through the exercises. 6) to undergo; suffer He seemed to have forgotten all that he had gone through. 7) to consume; use up It did not take Albert very long to go through his inheritance. 8) to continue firmly to the end Knowing full well the difficulties the work involved, they were still determined to go through with it. pull through 1)to make sth. or sb. through by pulling The eye of the needle is too small and I cant pull the thread through. 2) to survive a difficult or dangerous situation That newly liberated country is going to have a rough time, but it will pull through. 3) to recover or help to recover from illness He was badly injured in the accident, but the doctors made every effort to pull him through. in turn The candidates were summoned in turn to see the examiner. Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. in/with relation to as regards; concerning Examples: I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. The project was outlined with relation to available funds. in a different light in a different way Examples: After I took that course, I began to see the world in a different light. What he did made us see him in a different light. in the light of after considering (sth.) He decided to make further improvements on the computers design in the light of the requirements of customers. shed/throw a new light on to make sth. clearer; provide new information These facts shed a new light on the matter. independent from/of not dependent on or controlled by other persons or things Examples: If you have a car, you are independent from/of trains and buses. Thats an objective law independent from/of mans will. Cf: Promotion is dependent on/upon ones record of success. stand back 1) to stand to the rear The child stood back at the sight of the ferocious dog. 2) to distance oneself mentally in order to understand or judge better Sometimes an administrator must stand back from day-to-day business to grasp the wider pattern of events. 3) to withdraw or retreat from making discussions, influencing events, etc. She ran the family and her husband stood back. III. Word Building IV. From the text Developmental changes Excitement in ones voice Move from adolescence to young adulthood Drag ones feet Identity crises Give and receive affection Genetic endowment Show proper respect for Chance event Rebel against Later adolescent stage Put into a dorm Pursue a college education Affirm personal values Enter the work world Academic life Handle finances A growing experience Determine ones daily agenda The knowledge presented to sb. Select the major that they want to pursue New ways of interpreting life Parental approval International students Establish ones sexual identity Television newscast Relate to the opposite sex In a different light Have a romantic relationship with Personal growth and expansion Bounce into my office Acquire new ways of assembling and processing information My world is expanding and new options are opening for me ,but my father, who was in his sixty, was seeing his world shrink and his options narrow. Be appointed to an important governmental position Evaluate new ways of gather process and apply knowledge in ones life Four distinct aspects to psychological separation from parents Define ones sexual identity in a feminine/muscular role Develop new ways to organize and use knowledge People from a variety of ethnic backgrounds Become financially independent from parents Grow and learn new skills that take years to develop