牛津初中英语语法汇总.docx

牛津初中英语语法汇总牛津初中英语语法汇总 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 介词和介词短语 5. 连词 6. 形容词 7. 副词 8. 冠词 9. 动词 10. 时态 : 现在进行时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 现在完成时 11. 被动语态 12. 非谓语动词：动词不定式 13. 主从复合句 宾语从句 状语从句 定语从句 14. 直接引语与间接引语 牛津初中英语语法归纳 7A Unit 1 一般现在时 (is /am/are, do / does)的肯定、否定和疑问形式。 例：My hair is long. Cats eat fish. He goes to school on foot every day. 7A Unit 2 1人称代词 主格 ：I , you , he, she, it, we, they. 在句中作主语。 例： We/ I / You/ They have lunch at school. He / She/ It looks at me. 2人称代词 宾格 ：me, you, him, her, it, us, them在句中作宾语。 例： The teacher often helps us / me/ him/ her/ them. 7A Unit 3 时间介词 at, on, in 疑问词：what, which, who, whose, when, where, why, how some, any 的用法 7A Unit 4 频率副词 never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always There be 结构表示“某个地方客观存在”。 7A Unit 5 现在进行时 is/ am/are + doing 表示正在进行的动作. 7A Unit 6 can , may表示“允许、可以”。 顺序副词： first, then, next, afterwards, finally. 7B Unit 1 方位介词：in front of, between, next to, between, opposite, on 基数词：one, two, three, four, 序数词：first, second, third, fourth. 7B Unit 2 how much, how many.表示“多少”， 前者跟不可数名词，后者跟可数名词的复数。 名词所有格: Millies home, The two students homes. 形容词性物主代词：my, your, his , her, our, their, its 名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, her, ours, theirs, its 4. 定冠词the的用法: 独一无二的，前文已提到过的。 7B Unit 3 动作介词： across, along, through, over, to, up, down, round, from 一般将来时：will +动词原形， shall + 动词原形 is/ am/ are going to + 动词原形 7B Unit 4 一般过去时的肯定、否定和疑问形式。 be 动词的过去式：was/ were do的过去式分规则和不规则两类。 7B Unit 5 用can/ could表示“能力”“会”。 I can speak English. I could swim when I was young. 用can/ could 表示“可能”“可能性”。 I am free. I can help you. At that time, anything could happen. 感叹句 What a good girl! What bad weather! How nice it is! 7B Unit 6 祈使句的肯定形式和否定形式： Walk the dog at 7:00. (Please) dont chase the cat. 情态动词should, ought to & must 的用法 should (应该)/ shouldnt(不应该)， ought to(应该)/ ought not to, must (必须)/ mustnt (不可以，不允许) 8A Unit 1 1. 描述性形容词，如：short, long, round, interesting,funny, slim, important, beautiful等。 2形容词的比较级和最高级 规则的bigger / the biggest more important/ the most important 不规则的 worse / the worst 表示“比较”的句式：as + 形容词+as - “和。一样” not as / so + 形容词 + as“。不如。” 8A Unit 2 比较两者间的数量用以下句式：more.than, fewer.than., less than 例： I have more / fewer apples than you. (后跟复数名词) I have more / less free time than he/ him. 2比较两者以上间的数量用 the most, the fewest, the least. 例： Amy scored the most/ fewest points of all. Daniel has the least money of the three. 3用 like & alike 来比较。例： My skirt is / looks like hers. = My skirt and hers are alike. 4. 用词组 the same as & be different from来比较 8A Unit 3 1. and, but, or(或者)的用法。 2. 动词+ to do 这些动词有：plan, agree, want, decide, choose, hope, learn, prepare等。 3反身代词：myself, yourself, yourselves, ourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves 8A Unit 4 由if引导的条件状语从句 1. 用来描述可能出现的情况，主句时态用将来时，如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 2用来描述反复的、可预见的情况，主句时态用一般时。如： If tigers are hungry, they attack people. 8A Unit 5 1. 用一般现在时表示“将来”。如：The train leaves at 9:00. 2用现在进行时表示“将来”，如：We are leaving for Shanghai this evening. 3方式副词：quietly, gently, easily, well往往由形容词+ly变成副词，如： quiet quietly, easyeasily, possible possibly 少数副词和形容词同形，如：fast, early, long 等。 注意：goodwell, nearnearly , hard - hardly 8A Unit 6 1. 表示原因的连词：because , as, since. (这些词放在原因从句之前，主句不能再用so.) 2.表示命令、请求、建议的句式：tell / ask / order /advise / warn sb. (not) to do sth. 8B Unit 1 现在完成时 结构： have / has + PP 表示动作发生在过去但对现在仍有影响。 肯定、否定和疑问形式 常用的一些时间状语，如：already, ever, for, since, just, never, yet等。 for + 一段时间， since + 过去的一点时间/ 用过去式的从句，相对应的主句动词要用延续性动词，如：leave - be away, die - be dead, borrow - keep, buyhave, come -be here, join - be in/ be a member of 等。如： He has left already. He has been away for two hours. 8B Unit 2 1. 过去进行时 was / were + doing 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的 。 2. 肯定、否定和疑问形式. 3. while 和 when在过去进行时中的用法： 进行时+ while +进行时 过去式，while + 进行时 = when +过去式，进行时 例：I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV. The bell rang while he was reading books. When the bell rang, he was reading books. (以上这两句主从句前后可以互换) 8B Unit 3 被动语态 结构：be + PP 时态变化都只改变be 的各种形式 肯定、否定和疑问形式 不是所有的动词都有被动形式，如感觉动词: feel, smell, look, taste, sound 和 happen, take place 等。 主动形式表被动意义，如: This shirt sells well. 8B Unit 4 because, because of, so 的用法。 because + 从句， because of +短语 (but: what you said), 两者后都跟原因。 so 后跟结果的从句。同一句子中，不能同时出现because/ because of和 so. 2hope & wish的用法 hope 所希望的是有可能实现的，但wish所希望的是现在不可能实现的。 如：I hope you can come to my party. I wish I were the President. 3.主语 hope to do sth., 主语hope其他人做某事，要跟从句。 wish可用来向某人祝福，如： I wish you a happy new year! 8B Unit 5 宾语从句(陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句) used to & be used to 的用法 used to do 意思为：过去常常，过去曾。如： He used to be a teacher. He used to get up early. be used to doing / sth.意思为：习惯于做某事，如： He is used to the bad weather. He is used to getting up early. 8B Unit 6 三个句型结构： Its +形容词 + that 从句，如： It is necessary that we help the elderly. Its + 形容词 + to do sth.， 如 Its useful to learn English well. Its +形容词+ for sb (not). to do sth.，如： Its necessary for us to protect the environment. 9A Unit 1 1. 句式：It is +形容词+of sb.+ (not) to do sth. 如：Its kind of you to help me. 2. 句式： 主语+ be +形容词+enough + to do sth. 如： They are patient enough to wait for me for 2 hours. 3. 句子的不同成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。 9A Unit 2 固定结构：would ratherthan宁愿。也不愿。 如：On such a rainy day, I would rather stay at home than go out. 固定结构：prefer to 宁愿。不愿。， 比起。更喜欢。 如：I prefer red to blue. On such a rainy day, I prefer staying at home to going out. 不定代词：someone /somebody, anyone / anybody, no one / nobody something, anything, nothing, none 作主语时为单数，形容词后置。 9A Unit 3 1. 疑问词+ to do 如：I dont know how to do it./ what to do. We havent decided when to have the meeting. 2句子种类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 3宾语补足语。如：We find him a good boy / good. 4. 5种句子结构 主语+ 谓语 Millie is reading. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语 Millie is reading a book. 主语+ 谓语+ 表语 Millie is here. 主语 + 谓语间接宾语直接宾语 We gave him a book. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补 We call him Tom. 9A Unit 4 1. 介词短语：between. and., from. to. 2. 连词：before, after, until / not until 3. 连词：while & as While + 进行时，进行时 while / as + 进行时， 非进行时 As + 非进行时，非进行时 9A Unit 5 1过去完成时 had + PP(过去分词) 2用should, ought to, had better, have to, must 表示建议。 否定形式： ought not to had better not, dont have to / neednt 3. 用 why not, why dont you, perhaps 来表示建议，要放在句首。 9A Unit 6 1易混淆的单词： bring /take, hear/ listen, see/ look/ watch, come / go 2有时态变化的间接引语。 时间状语的变化 疑问句变为间接引语时，要注意疑问语序要变为陈述语序、句尾标点符号。 9B Unit 1 1. 用can / could, may / might 来表示允许。四单词正式语气递增。 2. that 引导的宾语从句。 3If / whether引导的宾语从句。 9B Unit 2 1由疑问词引导的宾语从句。 2i n order to do & as a result 3. need to do , need 有时态变化，否定形式要用助动词 do. does, did 牛津初中英语不规则动词汇总 现在式 过去式 过去分词 am, is was been are were been become became become begin began begun break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burn burned / burnt burned / burnt buy bought bought can could - catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut dig dug dug do, does did done draw drew drawn dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven get got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grown has, have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid learn learned / learnt learned / learnt leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain lose lost lost make made made may might - mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent set set set shake shook shaken shall should - shine shone shone shoot shot shot show showed shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sit sat sat sleep slept slept smell smelt smelt speak spoke spoken spell spelled / spelt spelled / spelt spend spent spent stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck swim swam swum take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn will would - win won won write wrote written