燃煤电厂污染物的控制课件.ppt

电力规划设计总院Electric Power Planning&Engineering Institute,Pollutant Control in Chinas Coal-fired Power Generation Industry中国燃煤电厂污染物控制技术及应用,2015 年 1 月 山东省济南市Jan,2015Jinan,Shandong,China,内容 Contents,Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,超低排放典型工程,Typical Super low emission projects,内容 Contents,Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,超低排放典型工程,Typical Super low emission projects,4,2003-2013年中国电力装机容量的变化Trend of Chinas total installed power generation capacity,2003-2013,中国电力行业总体概况Overview of Chinas power generation industry,5,中国发电装机容量的预测Forecast of Chinas installed power generation capacity,中国电力行业总体概况Overview of Chinas power generation industry,6,中国一次能源的结构特征决定了火电在中国仍占很大比重The energy structure determines fossil-fuel power plants still plays the dominant role in Chinas power generation industry.,2013年全国装机构成，总装机124738万千瓦Installed power structure at 2013total capacity 1247GW,预计2020年全国装机构成，总装机204000万千瓦Predicted Installed power structure at 2020total capacity 2040GW,中国电力行业总体概况Overview of Chinas power generation industry,内容 Contents,Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,超低排放典型工程,Typical Super low emission projects,8,2013年，我国灰霾面积最高达143万平方公里，波及15%国土面积；全国平均灰霾日数35.9天，部分地区超过100天。,中国环保现状及相关政策法规The status of Chinas environmental protection&Relevant policies&rules,2013年全国霾日数分布示意图Haze day number distribution around China,2013,In Year 2013,the total area influenced by haze was up to 1,430,000 km2,occupied 15%of China.The average haze day was 35.9,some regions even exceeded 100,9,中国环保现状及相关政策法规The status of Chinas environmental protection&Relevant policies&rules,2013年全国主要城市霾日数统计Total number of haze day in major cities,2013,10,研究表明，我国大气污染主要为煤烟型污染和机动车尾气污染的大气复合污染，燃煤污染为主;Research shows that air pollution in China is mainly the combination of coal gas and automobile emission,primarily coal gas.2012年，我国火电行业排放二氧化硫883万吨、氮氧化物948万吨、烟尘151万吨，分别占全国总排放量的41.7%、40.6%、12.2%。In 2012,the total emission from coal-fired industry is SO2 883104t,NOx 948104t,dust 151104t.That is 41.7%,40.6%,12.2%of the total pollutant emission,respectively.,中国环保现状及相关政策法规The status of Chinas environmental protection&Relevant policies&rules,2012年火电和其它主要用能行业耗煤和污染物排放占全国比例Percentage of emission from coal-fired industry and other industries,2012,11,火电厂大气污染物排放标准GB13223-1996，该标准自1997年1月1日起实施；The“Pollutant emission standard”(GB13223-1996)was executed on Jan 1st,1997.火电厂大气污染物排放标准GB13223-2003，该标准自2004年1月1日起实施，废止GB13223-1996标准；The“Pollutant emission standard”(GB13223-2003)was executed on Jan 1st,2004.火电厂大气污染物排放标准GB13223-2011，该标准自2012年1月1日起实施,废止GB13223-2003标准。The“Pollutant emission standard”(GB13223-2011)was executed on Jan 1st,2012.,中国环保现状及相关政策法规The status of Chinas environmental protection&Relevant policies&rules,火电环保排放标准演变Development of emission standard in coal-fired industry,12,2011年7月29日，中国发布火电厂大气污染物排放标准（GB13223-2011）On July 29 2011,the“Pollutant emission standard”(GB13223-2011)has been published,and as a result,the pollutant emission decrease tremendously.,中国环保现状及相关政策法规The status of Chinas environmental protection&Relevant policies&rules,13,中国环保现状及相关政策法规The status of Chinas environmental protection&Relevant policies&rules,),大幅降低了氮氧化物、二氧化硫和烟尘的排放限值；针对重点地区制定了更加严格的大气污染物特别排放限值，并增设了汞 的排放限值；The emission limits of NOx、SO2 and dust are significant reduced;the more restrictive emission standard was issued for crucial region,the emission standard for Hg was also issued;限值设置科学合理具有可操作性，新标准中的每一个控制限值均有对应的成熟、可靠的控制技术；The setting of the limiting values is scientific and reasonable,for each emission limit in new standard,there are suitable control technologies which are mature and reliable.充分考虑了我国发展的阶段性特征和基本国情。The current features of development and the basic national conditions in China have been given adequateconsideration,重点区域排放标准（GB13223-2011）Emission criteria in crucial region(GB13223-2011),14,中国环保现状及相关政策法规The status of Chinas environmental protection&Relevant policies&rules,15,中国环保现状及相关政策法规The status of Chinas environmental protection&Relevant policies&rules,16,中国环保现状及相关政策法规The status of Chinas environmental protection&Relevant policies&rules,内容 Contents,Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,超低排放典型工程,Typical Super low emission projects,18,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,19,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,采用烟气全颗粒物捕捉技术（二级除尘）Overall particles capture technology(double-stage dust removal)第一级除尘，选用适用的干式除尘器 first-stage dust removal，dry-type precipitator,第二级除尘，选用湿式静电除尘器 second-stage dust removal，wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP),20,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,采用烟气全颗粒物捕捉技术（二级除尘）Overall particles capture technology(double-stage dust removal)第一级除尘，适用的干式除尘器 first-stage dust removal，dry-type precipitator.,五电场静电除尘器（包括旋转电极、高频电源）；five-field ESP(including rotating electrode)布袋除尘器和电袋除尘器 baghouse precipitator and bag-electro static precipitator 静电除尘器同时结合低温省煤器方案以达到更高的除尘效率（即低低温除尘器技术）,除尘效率 removal efficiency:99%采用低低温除尘器技术 lower-lower-temperature ESP 除尘器出口含尘浓度 ESP outlet Concentration 20 mg/Nm3,21,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,第一级除尘：低低温除尘技术 first-stage dust removal：lower-lower-temperature ESP.,除尘效率/removal efficiency：99.95%，除尘器出口含尘浓度/ESP outlet Concentration15 mg/Nm3,22,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,第二级除尘，选用湿式静电除尘器 second-stage dust removal 置于脱硫塔出口；有效地除去烟气中的SO3、石膏和PM2.5等污染物微小 颗粒，脱除效 率约70%；可使WESP出口的含尘量不高于5 mg/Nm3。,effectively remove micro particles of pollutants such as SO3,plaster particle,and PM2.5.The removal efficiency is about 70%.The dust emission at the outlet of WESP will be less than 5 mg/Nm3.,23,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,第二级除尘，湿式静电除尘器（引进技术）second-stage dust removal 特点：烟气采用水平流向，除尘器采用卧式；feature:Flue gas flow is in horizontal direction,Horizontal electrostatic precipitator 极板形式为板式，极板材料采用316L；polar plate,plate material is 316L;采用连续喷淋，在极板上形成均匀的水膜；Continuous spray,water films formed on the plate 采用闭式的水循环系统，同时设置一套化学加碱系统。Closedwater cycle system,Alkaline system is added,引进日立工业设备技术公司-代表性生产厂 浙江南源环境工程有限公司 投产业绩：浙江六横电厂21000MW 机组；嘉兴电厂三期21000MW 机组等。以国华舟山电厂1350MW 机组为例，2014 年6 月25 日投产，性能测试湿式除尘器出口的粉尘排放数据为2.55 mg/Nm3。,引进日本三菱公司技术-代表性生产厂 菲达环保科技股份有限公司 投产业绩：浙能台州第二发电厂21000MW 机组合同业绩；上海漕泾电厂#2 机组（1000MW）合同业绩；国华舟山电厂1350MW 机组的投产业绩。,24,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,第二级除尘，湿式静电除尘器（自主技术）second-stage dust removal 特点：烟气采用垂直流向，至上而下，除尘器采用立式；feature:Flue gas flow is in vertical direction,vertical electrostatic precipitator 极板形式为管式，极板材料采用柔性纤维；Tubularplates,the plate material is flexible fiber;正常运行时无需连续水喷淋，可停机冲洗；Continuous water spray is not necessary during the normal operation 无需一套化学加碱系统。Alkaline system is not necessary 柔性电极技术-代表性生产商是山大能源环境有限公司,业绩：国电湖南益阳300MW 机组；国电九江电厂1350MW机组；国电荥阳电厂2600MW 机组等。,导电玻璃钢技术-代表性生产商是宜兴市化工成套设备有限公司,业绩：国电泰州电厂二期21000MW（二次再热）机组；国电泰州电厂一期21000MW 机组；国电都匀福泉电厂660MW机组等。,25,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,第二级除尘，湿式静电除尘器（自主技术）,以国电泰州二期工程采用的一电场湿式除尘器为例，主要性能指标如下：除尘效率 入口含尘浓度 效率 出口浓度 13 mg/Nm3（设计煤）70%3.9 mg/Nm3 30 mg/Nm3（校核煤）70%10 mg/Nm3 65 mg/Nm3（校核煤）85%10 mg/Nm3 雾滴去除率：70%，SO3 去除率：70%；耗水量（单台炉）：0 t/h（正常时）；废水量（单台炉）：1 t/h（正常时）；吸收塔出口至烟囱入口的总阻力：500 Pa；除尘器功耗(单台炉)：471.2 kW。,second-stage dust removal,26,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,我国大多采用高效石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫技术，在一定的煤质含硫量条件下，脱硫效率可达到98%以上，SO2的排放浓度不高于30mg/Nm3。,wet FGD efficient:98%emission concentration of SO2:30 mg/Nm3,高效的湿法脱硫技术：单塔双循环、带双托盘的吸收塔、双循环U型塔、吸收塔两级串联，脱硫设计效率可超过98%；国内已有高效湿法脱硫技术的设备制造商，从技术流派上可分为引进 技术及自主技术。,technology resource:imported and domestic,27,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,采用高效湿法脱硫技术（引进技术）wet FGD(imported technology)单塔双托盘技术 double tray technology；引进B&W 公司，吸收塔采用带托盘的喷淋塔，提高塔内脱硫效率，降低 40%以上的浆液循环量，大副降低物耗及能耗；国内主要厂商：浙江天地公司；应用业绩：嘉兴电厂三期1000MW 机组已投产；单塔双回路吸收塔技术 double-circuit absorbing tower technology,引进德国诺尔-克尔茨能源环保公司技术 国内主要厂商：国电龙源公司；应用业绩：,广东恒运电厂300MW 机组国电宿迁电厂1300MW 机组等已投产,国电泰州二期工程应用业绩，设计脱硫效率可达到98.6%。,28,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,采用高效湿法脱硫技术（自主技术）wet FGD(domestic technology)双循环U形塔（液柱+喷淋双塔）double-circulation U shape tower technology 重庆远达环保公司自主知识产权技术；液柱塔和喷淋塔技术结合，整体脱除率达98%以上；应用业绩：华能珞璜电厂2300MW 机组 重庆九龙电厂2200MW 机组等投产 以江苏滨海电厂21000MW 机组为例，设计脱硫效率达到99.16%，出口SO2浓度低于20 mg/Nm3。串联吸收塔技术-cascading absorbing tower technology,采用分级脱硫，以提高脱硫效率，适合于高硫煤；应用业绩：大唐桂冠合山电厂2300MW 机组。,29,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,采用炉内低NOx燃烧技术+SCR烟气脱硝技术 in-furnace low NOx combustion+SCR technology 我国三大锅炉厂拥有各自的炉内低NOx燃烧技术，均保证锅炉出口NOx排放浓度不超过200mg/Nm3；Chinas three boiler manufacturers have their own infurnace low NOx combustion technology.NOx emission concentration at the outlet of boiler not exceeding 200 mg/Nm3.上海锅炉厂在河北国华定洲电厂600 MW机组和河北国华沧东电厂600MW机组的改造工程中，采用最新的低NOx技术，满负荷下锅炉出口NOx排放达到了110mg/Nm3的水平 按锅炉出口NOx排放浓度不超过200mg/Nm3、脱硝效率85%计算，脱硝出口NOx指标为30mg/Nm3，优于燃气轮机50mg/Nm3的排放标准 boiler outlet NOx emission concentration:200 mg/Nm3;SCR denitration efficiency:85%,NOx emission:30mg/Nm3，50 mg/Nm3,the current Chinas emission standard of gas turbine.,30,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,国内SCR供应商主要是龙源环保、龙净环保、东方锅炉、上海电气、重庆远达等，其脱硝效率均可达到80%90%，目前国内已可全部实现烟气脱硝系统设计及设备国产化 SCR EPC contractors:Longyuan Environmental Protection,Longjing Environmental Protection,Dongfang Boiler Works,Shanghai Electric Co.and Chongqing Yuanda Ltd.Denitration efficiency of its executive project can reach 80%-90%.我国目前正积极推行全负荷脱硝技术，通过提高机组低负荷时给水温度、提高空预器进口冷风温度、省煤器分段等技术措施，使机组在低负荷时，脱硝装置的进口烟气温度满足脱硝运行所需要的温度，实现全负荷运行脱硝。China is positively carrying forward all-load denitration technology at present.已采用全负荷脱硝技术的电厂：外高桥三期采用设置0 号加热器 北仑一期采用省煤器分段 泰州二期采用控制低负荷SCR 进口烟气温度,31,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,我国目前控制“石膏雨”的主要技术措施,选择合适的塔内烟气流速：3.5ms Select appropriate flue gas flow ratevelocity inside the tower;选择合适的除雾器类型：屋脊式，三层 Select appropriate demister type：roof type,three layers；采用湿式静电除尘器：降低石膏颗粒排放 Apply wet ESP to：reducing the emission of plaster particle；选择合适的烟囱内烟气流速：18m/s Appropriate flue gas flow rate inside the chimney 采用烟囱、烟道酸液收集系统 Apply acid liquor collection system for the chimney and flue tunnel 减少饱和烟气含湿量：减少“雨”，烟气余热利用技术 Reduce moisture capacity content of saturated flue gas：flue gas residual heat recovery technology；采用无泄漏管式GGH Applying non-leak pipe GGH 六横电厂21000MW 机组、嘉兴三期21000MW 机组设置湿式除尘器和无泄漏管式GGH，烟囱出口烟尘低于3.5mg/Nm3，解决了石膏雨问题,32,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,主要为燃烧后烟气脱汞,燃煤电厂的脱汞主要指的是燃烧后烟气脱汞，使用的吸附剂主要有活性炭、钙基催化剂等。国内专业从事火电脱汞吸附剂研发的多数工艺仍处于技术储备阶段；从部分机组汞排放监测的结果发现，加装除尘器加脱硫装置后可实现汞的脱除效率75%，而如果再加上SCR脱硝设施，汞脱除效率可达85%以上；The mercury removal efficiency can reach 75%after with adding desulfurization equipment and precipitator.if adding SCR denitration equipment is used besides FGD and precipitator,mercury removal efficiency can be higher than 85%.我国目前主要利用现有污染物控制设备具有的脱汞能力进行协同脱汞，能满足我国目前汞及其化合物0.03mg/m3的排放标准 China achieves collaborative mercury removal by current ollutants control equipment.which is lower than the current Chinas emission standard of 0.03mg/m3,33,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,燃烧后烟气捕获CO2技术 Post-combustion CO2 capture technologies,燃烧后脱碳是从烟气中分离二氧化碳，中国当前采用最多的燃烧后脱碳技术为化学溶剂胺吸收法 post-combustion CO2 capture is the separation of CO2 from the flue gas,the most common choice of post-combustion CO2 capture technologies in China is amine solvent for chemical absorption.到目前为止，已建设了多个有一定规模的CO2捕集工业型示范装置，捕 集后的CO2多被用于食品、饮料及其他工业用途So far,multiple full technical scale demonstrationplants of post-combustion CO2 capture process were established,the captured CO2 usually used for food,beverage and other industrial purposes.,34,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,华能北京热电厂CO2捕集示范项目,我国第一个燃烧后CO2捕集项目，也是中澳两国政府2007年关于气候变化和能源问题的联合声明中的国际合作项目,CO2捕集：3000 t/a CO2回收率：85%；分离、提纯后的CO2纯度达到99.9%以上，用于食品行业碳酸饮 料以及制作干冰。CO2 纯度99.9%,35,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,华能上海石洞口第二电厂CO2捕集工业示范项目,继北京热电厂项目之后的第2个碳捕集项目，2009年7月开工建设，已于2009年12月建成投运,烟气量6.6万Nm3/h，约占单台机组额定工况总烟气量的4%CO2捕集：12万吨/年 该装置是目前世界上最大的燃煤电厂烟气CO2捕集装置,36,中国燃煤电厂污染物的控制技术及其应用Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,中电投双槐电厂CO2捕集示范项目,采用与北京热电厂相同的燃烧后CO2捕集技术，于2010年1月建成投运,处理烟气流量：50000 m3/h.CO2 量:10000 tons/a CO2 捕捉率：95%CO2 纯度：99.5%(精制后99.9%)捕集的CO2主要用于焊接保护、电厂发电机氢冷置换等领域,内容 Contents,Pollutant emission control technologies for coal-fired power plants,超低排放典型工程,Typical Super low emission projects,38,超低排放典型工程Typical super low emission projects,锅炉Boiler,SCR,除尘器ESP,换热器Heat exchanger,湿法脱硫Wetde-SOx,湿式电除尘器Wet ESP,管式换热器GGH,烟囱Chimney,烟尘/Dust 2000mg/Nm3,1980mg/Nm3,10mg/Nm3,11mg/Nm3,石膏携带with gypsum6mg/Nm3,20mg/Nm3,16mg/Nm3,5mg/Nm3,39,超低排放典型工程Typical super low emission projects,目前主要技术路线有2种Main technology routine worldwide:选择性催化还原+电除尘+湿法脱硫SCR+ESP+FGD选择性催化还原+低低温电除尘+湿法脱硫+湿式除尘SCR+low low temperature ESP+FGD+wet ESP,SCR+ESP+FGD,SCR+low low temperature ESP+FGD+wet ESP,40,目前国内已有多个电厂实施了烟气超低排放Efficiency for denitration新建电厂：浙江浙能六横电厂（21000MW）（2014年6月投运）Newly built:Zheneng Liuheng power plant,21000MW,operated on July,2014.新建电厂：神华国华舟山电厂4机组（1350MW）（2014年5月投运）Newly built:Shenhua Guohua Zhoushan#4 power plant,1350MW,operated on May,2014.改造电厂：如浙能嘉兴电厂8机组（11000MW）（2014年5月投运）Upgraded:Zheneng Jiaxing#8 power plant,11000MW,operated on May,2014.,超低排放典型工程Typical super low emission projects,六横电厂,舟山电厂,嘉兴电厂,41,超低排放典型工程Typical super low emission projects,浙能六横电厂1、2号机组Zheneng Liuheng#1,#2 units,浙能六横电厂1号机组煤质资料Coal quality of Zheneng Liuheng#1,#2 units,42,超低排放典型工程Typical super low emission projects,43,超低排放典型工程Typical super low emission projects,国华舟山电厂4号机组Guohua Zhoushan#4 unit,舟山4号机组煤质资料Coal quality of Guohua Zhoushan#4 unit,44,超低排放典型工程Typical super low emission projects,谢 谢!Thanks for your attention!,