有机化学夏百根 黄乾明 主编 课后答案.docx

有机化学夏百根 黄乾明 主编 课后答案第二章 烷烃作业参考答案 1、 共有九种： CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3CH2CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3-C-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3CH3CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3CH3CH3CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2CH2-CH3CH3CH3-CCH3 2、3-甲基戊烷 2，5-二甲基-3，4-二乙基己烷 2，2，3，4-四甲基戊烷 2-甲基-5-乙基庚烷 2-甲基-3-环丁基丁烷 顺-1-甲基-3-乙基环戊烷反-1-甲基-4-乙基环己烷 1-甲基-4-乙基-3-叔丁基环己烷 3、 CH3CH3-C-CH2CH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3CH3CH3CH2CH3CH3HC(CH3)3CH-CH3CH3 4、 CH3CH3-CH-CH-CH-CH-CH3HCH3CH2CH3CH3 CH3CH3 5、错。改为：2，2-二甲基丁烷 错。改为：2，2，5-三甲基-4-乙基己烷 正确 错。改为：2，2-二甲基丁烷 3CH-C-CH-CH-CH33CH3-CH-C-CH2-CH3CH3-C-CH2-CH-CH3CH3CH2-CCH-CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH 6、改为： CH3HH3CHC2H5HCH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3 3-甲基戊烷 CH(CH3)2HH3CCH3HClClCH3-CH2-C-CH(CH)2CH32，3-二甲基2-氯丁烷 7、C1-C2旋转： CHOH25HOHHOHC2H5HOHHHHHHHHHHHHC2H5HC2H5H 优势构象 C2-C3旋转： H3CCH2OHHCH2OHCH3HCH2OHCH2OHHHHHHHHHHHHHCH3HCH3H 优势构象 8、 CH3CH2CH2CH3CH2CH3OHCH2CH3CH(CH3)2 9、>>> H3C 10、 CH3A:CH3-C-CH3CH3B:CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3C:CH3-CH-CH2-CH3CH311、 (4) > (3) > (1) > 12、 CH3CH3CH2CH3CH3褪色：Br2水不褪色：CH3CH2CH3 14 CH3HIC2H5CH3CH3-CH-CH2CH3ICH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3H2SO4CH3-CH2-CCH3H2OCH3-CH2-COHCH3OSO3H第三章 烯烃 炔烃 二烯烃习题参考答案 1、2-甲基-4-乙基-3-己烯 -3-甲基-2-戊烯 4-甲基-2-丙基-1-戊烯 -4-甲基-3-庚烯 2，2-二甲基-5-乙基-3-庚炔 -3-甲基-2-溴-2-戊烯 -3，5-二甲基-2，4-庚二烯 3E-2，4-二甲基-1，3-己二烯 2、 ClCH3CH2=C-CH=CH2(CH3)2C=CCH2CH3C=CHCH3CH3 H3C CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2 H3CHC=CCH3CH2CH2CH3 H3CHHC=CC=CHCH3H 3、 (1) CH3C=CCH3CH3Br2CCl4CH3CH3C-CHCH3BrBr(2) CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3Br2 / H2OCH3CH3-CCH-CH3BrBr CH3CH3-CCH-CH3OHBrCH3CH3-C CH-CH3ClI +(3) CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3ICl(4) CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3HBr / 过氧化物CH3CH3-C CH-CH3HBr(5) CH3-C=CH-CH3H2SO4CH3CH3CH3-C CH2-CH3OSO3HCH3-C=OCH3H2OCH3CH3-C CH2-CH3OH(6) CH3-C=CH-CH3KMnO4CH3H+CH3COOH (7) CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3O3H3CCH3COOOCHCH3H2O / ZnCH3-C=OCH3+CH3CHO 4、 HBr(2mol)BrCH3CH2CBrCH3H2O/HgCH3CH2C=CH2+，H+CH3CH2CCH3OKMnO4/H+CH3CH2COOH+CO2+H2OAg(NH3)+2CH3CH2C=CH2CN2） H3CH3C+HBrBr3） CHCH3CH33-C=CH-CH3CHCH3-C CH2-CH3+CH3-C CH-CH33+HBrNaCl / H2OBrClCH3+CH3-C CH2-CH3OH4） CH23-CH=CHCl2高温CH2-CH=CH2CH2=CH-CH=CH2ClCH2Cl 5） CH3-CH2-aCH2=CH-CH2-CH2CH3bCH2=CH-CH=CH-CH3dKMnO4/HC=C-CH2-CH2CH3c不褪色a褪色b,c,dAg(NH3)2白c无b,d顺丁烯二酸酐S无OCCOObCHHCHCCHCH3dCHCH 6、 CH3CH3C+CH3>CH3-CH-CH2-CH3>+CH3-CH-CH2CH3+CH2=CHCH2>CH3CHCH3>CH3CH2CH2>CH3+H3CCH2>CH2>O2NCH27、用浓H2SO4 8、 H3CCH3CH3CHCH2CH=CH2C=CH-CH3H3C9、 、具有pp共轭体系；具有缺电子的pp共轭体系； 具有多电子的pp共轭体系；、具有sp共轭体系； CH2CH310、 (A)(A)11、 CH3CH3(B)CH3-CH2-CH-CH3CH3HBr(C)CH3CH2CH=CH2HBr(B)CH3-CH2-CH-CH3Br(C)CH3CH2CH=CH2(A)CH3CH=CHCH(CH3)2(C)CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)212、 (B)CH3CH2CH=C(CH3)2A:CH3CH-CH2C=CHCH3B:CH3-C=CH2-CH=CH2CH3 13、 (1)CH2=CHCH3ClBrCH2ClCHCH2BrCl2光CH2=CHCH2Br2(2)CH2=CHCH3Cl2光ClCH2=CHCH2ClHBrBrCH2HOCH2CH222(3)CH3C=CH+H2OH2SO4, HgSO414、 OCH3-C-CH3 OOCOOHH2COO属于倍半萜 15、 CH3属于单环单萜 属于倍半萜属于二萜CH3C=CHCH2CH2C=CHCH3H3C第四章 芳香烃作业参考答案 1、 邻硝基甲苯 3-羟基苯磺酸 3-甲基-4-氯苯甲酸 1，4-二甲基萘 4-甲基-3-苯基-1-戊烯 6-氯-2-萘酚 2、 COOHCH=CH2SO3HClCH3NO2NO2H3COClCOOHCH3CH(CH3)2CH2CH3Cl 3、 COOH COOHCl CH3ClNO2O2NCH3ClCl2FeCH3ClHNO3H2SO4+ClCH(CH3)2Cl2光C(CH3)2OCH3无水AlCl3OCH3C-CH3OOCH3+C(CH3)3(CH3CO)2O+OC-CH3 C(CH3)3KMNO4H+COOHCH2CH2CH3CH2CH=CH2CH2CH3KMNO4H+COOHCOOHCH3CH2CH2CH2Cl无水AlCl3CH3CH-CH2CH3+CH2CH3HNO3H2SO4CH2CH3KMNO4H+COOHBr2FeCOOHBrNO2NO2NO24、 OHCH3ClNO2>CH3CH3>>COOH>COOHCOOH>CH3>CH3>>COOH 5、 CH3CH3abcabc褪色:bKMnO4H+不褪色：a,c褪色:cBr2(H2O)CH2CH3CH=CH2C=CH不褪色：a bAg(NH3)2ac+白：C无沉淀：babc褪色:b,cBr2CCl4不褪色：a 6、 OHClCH3CH3NHCOCH3NO2CH3SO3H Cl COOH OCH3COOHCH3OHOHCOOHNO2 NO27、 +CH3Br无水AlCl3CH3KMNO4H+COOHHNO3H2SO4CH3COOHNO2 +CH3Br无水AlCl3CH3Cl2FeClCl2光ClCH2Cl C-CH3O+(4) (CH3CO)2O无水AlCl3C-CH3OBr2FeBrCH3ClAlCl3CH3Cl2光CH2ClFeCH2(5) CH3ClAlCl3CH3CH3Br2FeBrCH3COOHNO2KMnO4H+COOHHNO3H2SO4BrBr(6) CH3ClAlCl3CH3CH3ClAlCl3HNO3H2SO4CH3CH3CH3KMnO4NO2H+COOHNO2COOH8、有芳香性的是：， 9、 CH3 10、 CH2CH3 C=CHCH3H2NiCH2CH3CH3K2Cr2O7H+COOHCOOH-H2OOCOCOABCD第五章旋光异构作业参考答案 2、对：。错： 3、有旋光性的为： 4、 H3C11CHCOOHCH3H2BrCl2HCH2BrHCBrHBrHHBrH3CH33COOHCH3CH3 C2H544 注：旋光异构体的数目略。 5、R-氟氯溴甲烷 S-3-羟基-2-戊酮 2R ,3S-2,3,4-三羟基丁醛 R-2-氨基-2-苯基乙酸 2R ,3R-3-氯-2-丁醇 (6) BrHCOOHHBrCOOH1COOHBr2HBrH3COOH42R ,3S-2,3-二溴丁二酸都是S- ，所以是相同的。 分别为：2R ,3S-和2S ,3R- ,所以是对映体关系 (3) 分别为：2R ,3S-和2R ,3R- ,所以是非对映体关系 (4)一个为R-,另一个为S-, 所以是对映体关系. 2S ,3R2,3-二溴丁二酸）OHA:CH3CH2-C-CH=CH2CH37、OHB:CH3CH2-C-CH2-CH3CH38、 CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3H2OH2SO4*CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3OHAKMnO4/OH-BC2H5HOHCH3-CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH3OHOHC的构型为：HOHC2H5C 第六章 卤代烃习题参考答案 1、2-甲基-1-氯丙烷 2-甲基2-溴丁烷 2，2-二甲基4-溴戊烷 Z-2-甲基-1-溴-2-戊烯 Z-3-甲基-2-氯-2-戊烯 3-甲基-4-溴-1-丁烯 对-氯甲苯 1-苯基-1-溴丙烷 2、 BrBrCH3-CH-CH-CH3CH3ClCH3CH3-C C CH2-CH3ClCH=CH-CH2CH=CH-CH2Br CH3Cl H3CClClHC=CClC=CHH CH3C=CCH3HCH2BrH3、 CH3ClCH2ClClClClabcCH3dabcdAgNO3醇白：b快 a慢褪色：d无沉淀；c, dKMnO4H+CH3不褪色：c CH3-CH-CH-CH3CH3ClCH2=CHClCH2=CH-C-CH3Claabc (3) CH2=CH-CH-CH3ClCH2=CH-CH-CH3IAgNO3醇b白：快cc白：慢a无沉淀：bAgNO3醇CH2=CH-CH-CH3先有黄色沉淀：ICH2=CH-CH-CH3先有白色沉淀：Cl 4、 CH2-CH-CH2CH3BrCH3>CH3-CH-CH-CH3CH3Br>BrCH3-C-CH2CH3CH3BrCH3-C-CH3CH3>CH3-CH2-CH-CH3Br>CH2-CH2-CH2CH3BrCH2-CH2-CH2CH3ICH2-CH2-CH2CH3Cl>CH2-CH2-CH2CH3Br>BrCH3-C-CH2CH3CH3>CH3-CH-CH-CH3CH3Br>BrCH2-CH-CH2CH3CH35、 CH3-CH-CH-CH3NaOHCH3Cl乙醇，CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3Br2BrCH3-C-CH-CH3NaOHCH3Br乙醇，CH2=C-CH=CH2CH3ClCH2Cl+NaCN乙醇ClCH2CNH2OH+ClCH2COOHCH2Br+Mg无水乙醚CH2MgBr(1)CO2(2)H2OCH2COOHCH-CH3NaOH乙醇，BrCH=CH2HBr过氧化物CH2-CH2BrCH3ONa乙醇CH2-CH2OCH3 CH3BrNaOH乙醇，CH3KMnO4H+OOCH3-C-CH2-CH2-CH2-C-OH 6、 CH2=CH2Br2NaCNBr-CH2-CH2-Br乙醇NC-CH2-CH2-CNH2OH+HOOC-CH2CH2-COOHCH3-CH2-CH-CH3NaOH乙醇，BrCH3-CH=CH-CH3KMnO4H+CH3COOHCH2=CH2CH3-CH2CH2-ClHClCH3-CH2ClNaNH3CH3-CH-CH3NH3CH3-CH2-CH2CH3HClNaOH乙醇，CH3-CH=CH2CH3-CH-CH3ClCH2-CH-CH3BrH2OH+CH3NaOH乙醇，CH2=C-CH3CH3HBrBrNaCNCH3-C-CH3乙醇CH3CNCH3-C-CH3CH3 COOHCH3-C-CH3CH3HBr过氧化物CH3CH3-C=CH2CH3CH3-CH-CH2BrNaCN乙醇CH3H2OCH3-CH-CH2CNH+CH3-CH-CH2COOH HBrBrCH3-C-CH2-CH3CH3CH37、 CH3-CH-CH-CH3NaOHCH3Br乙醇，CH3-C=CH-CH3CH3ANaOH乙醇，CH3BCH3-C=CH-CH3KMnO4H+CH3-C=OCH3+CCH3COOH8、 A、CH3CHCH=CH2BrB、CH3CH-CHCH2BrBrBrC、CH2=CH-CH=CH2 第七章 醇 酚 醚习题参考答案 1、 4-基-2-己醇 2-甲基-2-丙烯基-3-戊烯-1-醇 2，4-己二醇 3-环己烯-1-醇 4-苯基-2-戊醇 E-5-甲基-4-庚烯-3-醇 4-甲基苯酚 对甲氧基苯甲醇 苯乙醚 1，2-环氧丁烷 2、 CH3CH3-C-OHOHH3COCH2OHOHCH3 CH3 H3CCH2OHCOOHOH 3、 (CH3)3C-OH+HBrOH+HCl(浓)(CH3)3C-Br无水ZnCl2+H2OClCH3CH3-CH-O-CH3+HI(浓)OHCH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3CH3K2Cr2O7H+CH3CH3-CH-OH+CH3I OCH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH+SOCl2CH3CH2CH2CH2-Cl CH3OHH2SO4CH3-CH-CH-CH3O170CCH3-C=CH-CH3CH3KMnO4 / H+CH3-C=OCH3+CH3COOHOHC2H5浓H2SO4C2H5(1)O3(2)Zn / H2OOCH3CH2-C-CH2CH2CH2CHO O+CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH2-CH2OHOCH2CH2CH2CH3 BrH3COHBr2H3COHBrOHNaOHONaCH3BrOCH3HIOH+CH3I 4、 1，4-丁二醇 > 正辛醇 > 3-己醇 > 2-甲基-2-戊醇 > 正己烷 (2) 碳酸>邻甲苯酚>水>苯甲醇>苯甲醚 2,4-二硝基苯酚>邻硝基苯酚>苯酚>邻甲苯酚 (3) >>> 5、 CH3CH2OCH2CH3CH2-CH2CH2CH3BrCH2-CH2CH2CH3OHCH2-CH2CH=CH2OHabcdabAgNO3c醇d白：b无气体放出：a无沉淀：a，c，dNa有气体放出：c，dBr2不褪色：a 白：d变绿快：a无沉淀：a，b，cK2Cr2O7H+褪色：dabAg2cdOH变绿慢：b不变色：c 显深蓝色：OHOHCH2-CH-CH2OHOHOHCu(OH)2CH2-CH-CH2OHOHOHOH不变色：OHFeCl3显紫色：不显色：OH6、分子间的氢键：、。分子内的氢键：、 7、 HBr CH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHCH3CH2-CH2-CH2BrNaCN醇CH3CH2CH2CH2CNH3O+CH3CH2CH2CH2COOHCH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHCuH2SO4170COCH3CH2-CH=CH2H2SO4H2OCH3CH2-CH-CH3OHCH3CH2-C-CH3O CH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHH2SO4170COH2SO4170COCH3CH2-CH=CH2H2SO4H2OCH3CH2-CH-CH3OHCH2=CH-CH=CH2CH3CH=CH-CH3Br2CH3CH-CH-CH3NaOHBrBrC2H5OHH2SO4H2OCH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHH2SO4170OCH2SO4170CO3H2O/ZnOCH3CH2-CH=CH2CH3CH2-CH-CH3OHCH3CH=CH-CH3CH3CHO8、 CH3-CH2-CH2OHH2SO4170COH2SO4H2OK2Cr2O4H+CH3-CH=CH2CH3-CH-CH3OHCH3COCH3OHNaONaH2SO4170OCCH3CH2IOC2H5CH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHNaCN醇CH3CH2-CH=CH2CH3CH2-CH-CH3ClHClCH3CH2-CH-CH3CNCH3OHH2SO4170OCCH3KMnO4H+OCH3-C-CH2CH2CH2COOH 9、 OCH3HIOH+CH3IAOHNaOHBONaCCH3IAgNO3醇CH3ONO2+AgI黄B10、 CCH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHHClZnCl2CH3CH2-CH2-CH2ClAH2SO4170OCBNaOH/醇CH3CH2-CH=CH2CKMnO4H+CH3CH2COOH+CO2H2OHCl/ZnCl2ECH3CH2-CH-CH3Cl第八章 醛、酮、醌习题参考答案 1、 2-甲基丙醛 4-甲基-2-羟基苯甲醛 5-甲基2己烯醛 3-甲基-2-丁酮 2，4-己二酮 2-甲基4-戊酮-1-醛 2-甲基-1，4-环己二酮 水合甲醛 2、 CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CHOCH3CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3BrCH3O CH=N-OHC-CH3O CH3-C=N-NH- CH3NNH-C-NH23、 OHOOCNCuCH3-CH-CH2CH3H2OH+OHCOOHCH3-C-CH2CH3HCNOHCH3-C-CH2-CH3CH3-C-CH2-CH3O2NO2NOCH3-C-CH2CH2CH3+H2N-NH-CH3-C=NNH-NO2H3CH2CH2COMgBrCH3CH2CH2CH-CH2CH3H2O/H+NO2(3) CH3CH2CH2CHO+CH3CH2MgBr无水乙醚OHCH3CH2CH2CH-CH2CH3 (4) 浓OH-(CH3)3CCHO(CH3)3CCOO-+(CH3)3CCH2OH (5) CHO+HCHO浓OH-CH2OHI2NaOH+ HCOONaOH-(6) CH=CHH2OHgSO4,H2SO4CH3CHOCI3CHOCHI3+HCOO- (7) O(CH3)3C-C-CH3I2NaOHO(CH3)3C-C-O-+CHI3(8) CH3CHOHO-CH2HOCH2OCH3CHO干H+(9) 稀OH2CH3CH2CHO-OHCH3CH2CH-CH-CHOCH3CH3CH2CH=C-CHOCH3OHC-CH3CH3(10) OC-CH3+CH3MgBr(1)无水乙醚(2)H2O/H+4、 c>a>d>b (2) a>b>d>c 5、 CH2=CH2+H2OCH3-CH=CH-CHO浓H2SO4H2NiOHCH3CH2OHCuCH3CHO稀OH-CH3-CH2CH2CH2OH(2) OCH3C-HHCNOH-OHH2O/H+CH3-CH-COOHCH3-CH-CN(3) CH3CH=CH2HBrMgHCHOCH3-CH2-CH2MgBrCH3-CH2-CH2BrH2O2无水乙醚无水乙醚H2OCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OMgBr (4) CH3CHO稀OH-OHCH3CHCH2CHOH2OH+HO-CH2HOCH2OCH3CCH2CHO-CH2OCH2干HClOCH3CCH2CHOOHCH3CHCH2CHO-CH2OCH2KMnO4H+ (5) OHCH3CHCH3OHCH3CHCH3HBrBrCH3-CH-CH3CH3-CH-CH3无水乙醚OCH3CCH3无水乙醚MgBrCH3-CH-CH3MgMgBrCuH2OCH3H3COHC-CH-CH3CH3(6) O+CH3CH2-C-XAlCl3OH2N-NH2,NaOHC-CH2CH2CH3HOCH2CH2)2O,CH2CH2CH2CH3 (7) CH3CH2OHNaOHH2OHBrCH3CH2BrCuNaCH3CH2CH2CH3Cl2CH3CH2CHCH3ClOHCH3CuCH3CH2CH2OHCH3-CH2CHOCH3CH2CHCH3OHHBrH2O2CH3CH2CCH3ONaOHH2OCH3CH2MgBr/干醚H2OCH3CH2C-CH2CH3(8) CH3CH=CH2CH3-CH2-CH2BrLiAlH4稀OH-CH3-CH2-CH=C-CHOCH3CH3-CH2-CH=C-CH2OHCH36、 -HCHOaOCH3CHObCH3-C-CH3c稀H+显红色：a，bOC-CH2-CH3d褪色：babcd品红试剂不褪色：aI2不显红色：C，dNaOH黄：c无：dCH3CH2-C-CH2CH3cOCH3CH2CH2CH2CHOCH3C-CH2CH2CH3aObCH3CHCH2CH2CH3OHd黄 ：b abcdI2NaOH无：a,c品红试剂黄：b,d苯肼无：d显红色：a不显红色：C CHOOC-CH3HOCHOaabcFeCl3b显色：ccI2不显色：a，bNaOH黄：b无：aCH3-CH2CHOaabcI2NaOHCH3C-CH3bO黄：b,CNaHSO3OC-CH3c白 ：b无无：a：c7 OCH3-CH2-C-CH-CH3CH3H2NOHNOHCH3-CH2-C-CH-CH3CH3H2/NiCH3-CH2-CH-CH-CH3OHCH3CH3COONa+CHI3I2/NaOH黄浓H2SO4CH3-CH2-CH=C-CH3CH3(1)O3(2)Zn/H2OCH3-CH2CHO+Ag(NH3)2+O=CCH3CH3CH3-CH2COONH3+Ag8、 OCH3-C-CH2-CH2-CH=CCH3KMnO4/H+OOCH3-C-CH2-CH2COOH+CH3-C-CH3CHA3BCH3(A也可以是：CH3-C=C-CH2CH2CHO)CH3OI/NaOHCH3-C-CH2-CH2COOH2NaOOC-CH2CH2-COONaB9、 OOHCH2-C-CH3LiAlHCH2-CH-CH34OCH3OCH3ABHIOCH2-C-CH3Zn-HgCH2-CH2-CH3HClOHCOCH3+DCH3ION-OHCH2-C-CH3HNOHCH2-C-CH32OCH3OCH3AAC+CHI3OCH2-C-CH3I2NaOHOCH2-C-ONa+CHI3黄OCH3OCH2-C-ONaOCH3AOHCH2-CH-CH3I2OCH3NaOHOCH3+CHI3黄B第九章 羧酸、羧酸衍生物及其衍生物作业参考答案 1、4-甲基-3-氯戊酸 -2-羟基-3-戊烯酸 4-甲基1，3-苯二甲酸 4-甲氧基苯乙酰氯 苯甲酸苯甲酯 a-乙基-g-丁内酰胺 2-甲基顺丁烯二酸酐 2R,3S-3-甲基-2-羟基丁二酸单甲酯 HOCH-COOHOOOHOCH-COOH CH3-C-CH2-C-OC2H5 HOOC-C-CH2-COOH OCNHC2、 OH-C-COOHOCOOHCOOHHCOOHabcCH3COOHdab褪色：a b c+Ag(NH3)2无：bAg: a c2，4二硝基苯肼黄：a无：cKMnO4cH+da不褪色：dCH=CH-COOHCOOHCOOHOHbcabcFeCl3显色：cKMnO4H+褪色：a不褪色不显色：a bOCH3-C-COOHOCH3-C-CH3：b CH3CH2COOHa无 ：cbcabc (4) OI2 / NaOH黄 ：a b蓝色石蕊试纸变红：a不变色：b OCH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3OCH3-C-CH2CH2CH3OOCH3-C-CH2-C-CH3abcd显色：d不显色：cabcdI2 / NaOH黄：c，dFeCl3无：a，b饱和NaHSO3白无：a：B3、丁烯二酸>丁二酸>丁酸 (2) 2-氟丙酸>2-羟基丙酸>丙酸>2-甲基丙酸 (3)乙二酸>氯乙酸>苯甲酸>乙酸>丙酸 CH=CHCH2OHCH2CH2COOH4、CH2CH2OHOCO2 CH2CH2OHOOC-OCH3C-OMgBrH2SO4H2OC-OHCH3OH注：以下答案在下页 第十章 含氮和含磷化合物作业参考答案 1、1-硝基丙烷 对硝基甲苯 乙异丙基胺 N-甲基苯胺 1,4-丁二胺 (6)溴化对甲基重氮苯 (7)2,4-二硝基苯肼 (8)丁二酰亚胺 (9)7-氯-1-萘胺 (10)N-亚硝基二乙胺 2、 CH3-CH-CH-CH2CH3CH3NO2 (CH3CH2CH2CH2)3N CH3ONNH2OHCH3OHCH2-CH2NH2NH2 H3CN-CH(CH3)2C2H5HOH2CH2CN-CH3CH3CH3OH3C-C-O-CH2CH2N-CH3CH3CH2NH2OHNH2O2NNH-CH2CH3 3、 5>4>1>2>3 (2)4>1>5>3>2 4、 CH3CH2NH3Cl C2H5C2H5N-CH(CH3)2C2H5BrAgOHC2H5C2H5N-CH(CH3)2C2H5OHH3CON-C-CH3CH3Br2FeBr3BrCH3CH3CH3HNO3H2SO4BrNO2FeHClBrCH3NH2NaNO2+HCl0-5oCCH3N=NClBrCu2(CN)2CNBr5、 NH2OHNH2ab显色：bcabcFeCl3不显色：a c水CH3NHCH2CH2CH3Br2白：ac：无aCH3CH2CH2CH2NH2b(CH3)2NCH2CH3cabcHNO2有：b黄油状物：a剩下的为：c 6、 abcSO2Cl过滤滤液：cNaOH水解滤液：a的苯磺酰氨a沉淀为：a b的苯磺酰氨过滤沉淀为： b的苯磺酰氨水解b7、 CH3COOHNH3CH3COONH3OCH3C-NH2Br2NaOHCH3NH2+N=NCNCu2(CN)2NO2NO2 HNO3NO2FeHClNH2HNO3H2SO4H2NiH2SO4CH2NH2NH2NaNO2+HCl0-5oCNO2NO2CH3HNO3H2SO4CH3FeHClNH2+N=NNaNO2+HCl0-5oCCH3NO2OHCH3OHOH-H3CN=N-CH3HNO3H2SO4CH3NO2CH3FeHClNO2CH3NH2F