新编大学英语1第一册 unit Grammar and Vocabulary.docx

新编大学英语1第一册 unit Grammar and VocabularyUnit 1 Personal Relationship In-Class Reading The Gift of Life Words & Usage词汇精讲 1. action 用法n. 行动，行动过程，所作所为，作为 e.g. Officials are not planning any drastic action. 官员们没有计划进行大刀阔斧的行动。 快捷记忆act v. (立即)行动 e.g. Had the rescue workers not acted so swiftly, he would have died. 2. balance 用法n. 平衡，均衡 e.g. The outcome of the basketball game was in the balance until the last minute. 那场篮球赛直到最后一分钟也没决出胜负。 e.g. I found it very hard to keep my balance on the icy path.我感到在结冰的小路上行走很难保持身体平衡。 3. injure 用法v. 伤害，损伤，损害 e.g. Nine people died and 54 were injured in the accident. 在这次事故中有9人死亡，54人受伤。 比较hurt /injure/impair 此三词均含有伤害或损害某人或某物之意， injure 指任何种类的伤害，不分大小； e.g. Dishonesty injures a business. hurt 可代替injure，但不如injure正式，尤指对人或动物造成肉体和精神的伤害； e.g. He hurt my hand by twisting it. impair 表示借削弱、缩小、减损力量或价值而伤害 e.g. Poor eating habits impair health. 快捷记忆injury n. Building workers risk injury by not wearing helmets. 4. insert v. 插入，嵌入 e.g. Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm. e.g. “Whistle” is not written like that. You have to insert a “t” between the “s” and the “l”. 快捷记忆insertion n. 插入，插入物 5. occasional adj. 偶尔的，间或发生的 e.g. But now his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying. e.g. Joe is a solid player with occasional flashes of brilliance. 快捷记忆 occasion n. 时刻，时机，机会，特殊重大场合 e.g. We tested a similar product on an earlier occasion. e.g. The trip we took together gave us an occasion to get better acquainted. 1 e.g. I only wear a tie on special occasions. 6. relief n. 痛苦等）缓解，减轻，解除：轻松，宽心，宽慰减轻；解除；轻松；浮雕；救济(品)；安慰；替代 e.g. When she nodded, a look of great relief spread over his face. e.g. They felt relief when the crisis was over. e.g. The medicine the doctor gave me brought relief to my headache. 快捷记忆 relieve v. 减轻，缓解；使宽心，使宽慰 e.g. Anxiety may be relieved by talking to friends. e.g. I was greatly relieved at the news. 7. stiff adj. 硬的，僵直的，不灵活的 e.g. Through all of this Heng lay stiff and silent. e.g. His legs felt stiff from having sat for so long. 8. wide-eyed adj.睁大眼睛的 e.g. Their request was met with wide-eyed silence. 构词法： wide+ eye(名词) + ed = 形容词 kind-hearted 好心的，仁慈的 good-tempered 好脾气的，和气的 good-natured 性情温和的，和善的 Difficult Sentences 难句详解 1. They quickly found the young girl to be badly injured, and it was clear that without immediate action, she would die from loss of blood and shock. (Line 5，Para3) 译文 他们很快发现这个女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 该句中clear 常可被其他形容词替换 如：it is obvious that, it is apparent that, it is evident that 等，例： It is clear to us that they don't want to do that. 我们很清楚地看到他们不愿做那件事。 It was apparent that he was in no condition to travel. 他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。 It was evident that she liked him still. 很显然她还是喜欢他。 2. Using what little common language they could find, together with a lot of sign language, they tried to explain to the frightened children that unless they could give some blood to their little friend she would certainly die. (Line 16)译文 医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。 该句的主干部分是they tried to explain ，其中Using 加宾语从句在句中充当伴随状语，the frightened children 是句子的间接宾语，that 引导的从句为直接宾语。 3. Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm. (Line 27) 2 译文 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。 注意本句中分词的独立结构：his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm 表示伴随情况。 分词独立结构可以理解为带逻辑主语的分词结构，在句中作状语，可表示伴随情况或动作，附加说明及时间、原因、条件等。如： But now his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying, his eyes held tightly shut, his fist in his mouth trying to stop his sobs. (伴随动作) Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. (原因) Weather permitting, well go there on foot. (条件) 4. But now his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying, his eyes held tightly shut, his fist in his mouth trying to stop his sobs. 译文但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。 句中his eyes held tightly shut和his fist in his mouth trying to stop his sobs是带有自己主语的独立结构，表伴随情况。 5. Greater love has no man than this, that he lay down his life for a friend. 译文他为了朋友甘愿献出生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。 这句话出自圣经，原句为：Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friend。 该句为倒装句，句中that he lay down his life for his friend是this的同位语。把宾语greater love放在句首，起强调作用。本句的正常语序为：No man has greater love than this, that he lay down his life for his friend. After-Class Reading We All Need Friends Words & Usage词汇精讲 1. accidental adj. 意外的，偶然的 It was suggested that the fire was not accidental. 快捷记忆accident n. 交通事故，意外事件 accidentally adv. 偶然地 词组与搭配： by accident 偶然，无意中 by accident of凭着的机遇 without accident 顺利而安全的 2appreciate v. (l.9) 用法1 to recognize with gratitude 感谢，感激 e.g. All of us appreciate the support and help which friends give us. Id highly appreciate it if you can give us an early reply. 用法2 to value or admire highly 欣赏，鉴赏 e.g. It is a pleasure to appreciate the works of such a great artist. 3. chase v. 追逐，追求，追捕 e.g. Chasing books called for by readers is part of a librarians work. Many men become workaholic, chasing success and often neglecting their wives and 3 children. 词组与搭配： in chase of 快捷记忆chase n.追逐，追赶，被追逐的人 4. date v. 与约会。 n.约会 She has been dating the boy for months. 5. deny v. 拒绝给予，拒绝 的要求，否认，不承认 e.g. The court denied his request for a new trial. 法院拒绝了他提出的复审要求。 He denied it to be the case. 他说事实不是这样。 词组与搭配deny oneself 克制自己 deny oneself to 不会见，谢绝 e.g. My mother denied herself constantly. She denies herself to all visitors. 6 hesitate v. 犹豫，踌躇 e.g. Dont hesitate to call me if you need any help. 快捷记忆hesitation n.犹豫，踌躇，迟疑 7. rewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的 e.g. Our journey to the Yukon was a very rewarding experience. 8. survive v. 经历 后继续存在，幸存，活下来 e.g. Of all the museums paintings, only one survived the fire. 快捷记忆 survival n. 幸存，残存，继续存在 e.g. In these jungle areas, every day is a fight for survival. Difficult Sentences 难句详解 1. Having good old friends is a good thing, but making new ones can be even better. 译文 有要好的老朋友是件好事，但结交新朋友则会更好。 本句中，动名词结构having good old friends和making new ones分别是两个并列句的主语。 2. No matter what age we are, all of us appreciate the support and help which friends give us. 译文 不论我们年龄有多大，我们都感激朋友给予我们的支持和帮助。 no matter what 表达让步。 e.g. No matter what you have done before, Ill forgive you. 不管你以前做过什么，我都会原谅你的。 3. Shes not just another person I can talk with or wave to as we pass one another on the street, but a good friend. 译文 她对于我，并不仅仅是又多了一位在街上碰到时打个招呼讲讲话的人，而是一位真正的好朋友。 I can talk with or wave to前面省略了whom或that, a good friend前省略了She is。as 引导时间状语从句。 4. You hesitate and drag your feet because you cant believe you have to start over again. 译文 你犹豫踌躇，裹足不前，因为你很难相信你又得从头来过。 drag your feet 拖着脚步(故意拖延)；start over重新开始 e.g. I suggest that you tear up the composition and start over again. 4 我建议你把这篇作文撕掉，再从头开始写。 该句中用hesitate和drag your feet 形象地渲染了矛盾、纠结的心理。 5. But when you do, its not half as hard as you thought it would be, and its twice as rewarding as you might have hoped. 译文 但当你真正做的时候，它的难度还不到你预料的一半，而得到的回报却是你原本期望的两倍。 not half as hard as you thought和twice as rewarding as you might have hoped是对程度的比较，该类比较句的使用中要注意half 和twice 等表达倍数的词的位置。 6.We can be ourselves with our friends, and that is a wonderful thing; too precious a gift to deny other friends. 译文 我们和朋友在一起时能够自然不做作，那是一件很美妙的事，是一份很珍贵的礼物，不能不与其他朋友分享。 That指代前面的整个句子“We can be ourselves with our friends”。 5