新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后习题答案完整UNIT(2).docx

新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后习题答案完整UNITListen and Respond Task One Focusing on the Main Ideas Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage. 1) What should you do when you are traveling abroad according to the speaker? A) Get to know about the manners of the foreign country. B) Try to remember your own manners. C) Read some books about the manners of that country. D) Observe closely the foreigners manners. 2) How do Americans feel when Chinese point to the nose to indicate me? A) They think it strange. B) They feel it funny. C) They find it amazing. D) They feel puzzled. 3) Who never bothers to use two hands to give or receive a gift? A) Chinese. B) Bulgarians. C) Indians. D) Americans. 4) To Indians, what is the left hand used for? A) Serving dishes. B) Passing food at table. C) Washing themselves. D) Showing disagreement. 5) What does the passage mainly tell us? A) It is necessary to adapt to different cultures. B) Cultural misunderstanding is common today. C) Cultural differences are a worthy topic to study. D) People of different cultures may have different manners. Task Two Zooming In on the Details Listen to the recording again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard. 1) When Chinese stamp their feet to show anger , Americans interpret this as showing impatience . Chinese clap for themselves after a speech. Americans may see this as being immodest . 2) Americans may pat other adults on the head to show sympathy, affection, or encouragement. This behavior could insult Chinese. 3) A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there think it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. 4) Also in India, you might see a man apparently shaking his head at the other to show that he is disagreeing. But in many other parts of India a rotating movement of the head is to show agreement . 5) In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs while sitting and talking to someone, even at an important meeting. But doing this could cause offence to a Thailander. Read and Explore Task One Discovering the Main Ideas 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A. 1) What causes culture shock according to the author? Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing the familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs and symbols include all the countless ways and means we resort to for daily survival. 2) How does an individual feel when he or she enters a strange culture? Like a fish out of water, he or she feels frustrated and anxious. 3) How do people react to the frustration and anxiety caused by culture shock? At first they may reject the environment which causes the discomfort, thinking that the ways of the host country are bad because they make them feel bad. And then they may enter another phase of culture shock, which is called regression. They start missing their home country and the home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. All the difficulties and problems back home are forgotten and only the good things are remembered. 4) What is the relationship between culture and the individual? The individual lives not only in a physical environment but also in a cultural environment. The individual must learn the culture he or she is born into because he or she is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. Once learned, culture becomes a way of life. 5) What is ethnocentrism and what characterizes it? Ethnocentrism is a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world. People with this attitude identify themselves with their own group to the extent that any critical comment is taken as a remark that is rude to the individual as well as to the race or the nation. Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics. 6) What can we do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible? To get over culture shock as quickly as possible, we have to get to know the people of the host country. For this purpose, we must, first of all, learn its language. When we are able to talk with the natives of the host country, we will be confident and a whole new world of cultural meanings will open up for us. Then, we must try to find out the value and interest pattern of the native people. In this way, we can find it quite easy to get people to talk to us and be interested in us. Thirdly, we can join the activities of the people, whether it is a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity. 2 Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part. Part Paragraph(s) Main Idea One 13 We might call culture shock a disease which is caused by the frustration and anxiety resulting from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Two 46 Culture shock is due to our own lack of understanding of other peoples cultural background and our lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment. Three 79 To get over culture shock, we should get to know the people of the host country and their language; we should find out what they do, how they do it, and what their interests are, etc. But understanding the ways of a people does not mean that we have to give up our own. Task Two Reading Between the Lines Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts. 1. We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. (Para. 1) People working under the same conditions may contract occupational diseases owing to the dangers associated with the work. More broadly and figuratively, as here, the phrase occupational disease can be applied to the unpleasant consequences associated with any activity. 2. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues. (Para. 2) These familiar cues can exactly tell us what to do and how to do things, which helps us deal successfully with the various situations we encounter. Without these numerous cues, we cannot enjoy peace of mind or efficiency in work and life. 3. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. (Para. 3) When you step into a new culture, you tend to feel that your own culture back home is the best; it is only after you return to your homeland that you will find the culture of your own nation or race is by no means perfect. 4. The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are beyond his awareness. (Para. 4) Culture develops and accumulates through a long but hardly noticeable process. 5. It is thus best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a permanent characteristic of national groups. (Para. 5) People tend to regard their own culture and lifestyles as the best; meanwhile, they tend to regard the behavior of an individual from another culture as a permanent trait of his or her national group. Accordingly, an awareness of this fact should help us deal with a new culture more successfully. 6. But once you begin to be able to carry on a friendly conversation with your maid, your neighbour, or to go on shopping trips alone, you not only gain confidence and a feeling of power but a whole new world of cultural meanings opens up for you. (Para. 7) Language is the principal symbol system of communication. Knowing the language of the host country is a principal means by which we can settle down comfortably and confidently in a new culture. Task Three Voicing Your Views A Chinese marketing manager in Beijing was sent to Los Angeles for a two-year sales promotion. It should have been a thrilling experience but, like a fish out of water, he felt very uncomfortable soon after he got there. Work in groups of threes or fours and discuss the challenges he might have possibly met and the symptoms of his discomfort. And then give him some suggestions so that he could get over culture shock as quickly as possible. Write down your outlines first and then present your ideas to the whole class. Challenges The following tips may be of some help. 1. He cannot communicate well; 2. He is not familiar with the transportation system; 3. He does not know how to make purchases; 4. He cannot adapt to the food; 5. He finds difficulties in seeing a doctor; 6. He does not know how to open a bank account, etc. Symptoms 1. anxiety, frustration, depression, and resentment; 2. insomnia, loneliness, and homesickness; 3. rejection of the new environment and unwillingness to interact with others; 4. lack of confidence; feelings of insecurity or helplessness; 5. compulsive eating and drinking, etc. Suggestions 1. He should learn English well; 2. He should learn about the gestures, facial expressions, customs, values, and beliefs of the American people; 3. He should maintain contact with Chinese people for a sense of belonging; 4. He should participate in community activities to get familiar with the American culture; 5. He should value relationships at work to get support; 6. He should follow his ambition and continue his plan for the future, etc. Checking Your Vocabulary Word Detective 1 Put down the right word from Text B in the space provided according to the given definition. The first letter of each word is already given. Example: forgettable: not important or good enough to be remembered 1) slice: cut into thin flat pieces 2) tender: easy to bite through; soft 3) proof: facts, information, documents, etc., that prove sth. 4) funeral: a ceremony, usu. religious, of burying or burning a dead person 5) preserve: prepare (food) for being kept for a long time by some special treatment 6) familiarity: the freedom of behaviour usu. only expected in the most friendly relations 7) proclaim: make (esp. news of national importance) known publicly, esp. using speech rather than writing 8) ingredient: any of the things that are formed into a mixture when making sth., esp. in cooking 2 Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from Text B. Both the explanation and the number of the paragraph in which the target word or phrase appears are given in brackets. Be sure to use the proper form. Example: Shes against the idea, but Im sure I can win her over . (gain the support of, often by persuading: Para. 1) 1) I like the house but I think the price is a bit on the high side . (rather; too: Para. 6) 2) Remember to hold your breath when you dive into the water. (stop breathing for a short time: Para. 7) 3) Be careful. The road is icy, wet, and slippery . (difficult to stand on without slipping: Para. 15) 4) Half drunk, Michael got up and helped . to some more brandy. (serve oneself with food, drink, etc.: Para. 16) 5) I invited her to join us, but she declined . (refuse (a request or offer), usu. politely: Para. 17) 6) You can improve the flavor of the sauce by adding a little red wine. (the quality of tasting good: Para. 20) Checking Your Comprehension 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B. 1) Why did the narrator ask her boyfriend to praise her mothers cooking? Because her mother was proud of her skill of cooking. By asking her boyfriend to praise her mothers cooking the narrator hoped that he would win her mothers favor. 2) What was her mothers first impression of Rich? He looked rather plain with too many freckles across his nose. 3) What mistakes did Rich make at the dinner table? At dinner he drank two full glasses of the French wine he had brought while everybody else had a half-inch just for taste. He did not know how to use chopsticks and how to show appreciation for the food the mother cooked. He ate big portions of the dish he liked, instead of taking only a polite spoonful. He declined the tender and expensive new greens the narrators mother had carefully prepared. What is worse, he spoiled the flavor of the mothers famous dish by pouring too much soy sauce into it. 4) Why did the narrator shudder when she remembered how Rich parted with her parents? When he shook hands with her parents, Rich showed that same easy familiarity he used with nervous new clients and he addressed them by their first names, which sounded quite impolite. Nobody except a few older family friends, had ever called them by their first names. 5) What did Rich think of the evening? He thought it was good and that everything had gone well that night. He was expecting to see the narrators parents again. 6) Why didnt the narrator tell her mother that she was getting married? Because at every possible moment when she was alone with her mother, her mother would be voicing her dissatisfaction with Rich. So the narrator did not have a chance not even the courage to tell her mother about her marriage plan. 7) Why couldnt Rich understand the narrators mother? It was the cultural differences that caused their misunderstanding. Rich did not know much about Chinese table manners and he took others words literally. 2 Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts. 1) She can only cook looking at a recipe. (Para. 4) She is poor at cooking and could not cook creatively; no one would enjoy the dishes she cooked. 2) Rich obviously had had a different opinion on how the evening had gone. (Para. 23) Rich didnt realize at all how serious his mistakes were in my parents eyes. Instead, he thought what he had done was proper in the situation. 3) When we got home that night, I was still shuddering, remembering how Rich had firmly shaken both my parents hands with that same easy familiarity he used with nervous new clients. (Para. 23) He did not realize that he had shaken my parents hands in a way that had irritated them. 4) How long does it take to say, Mom, Dad, Im getting married? (Para. 26) It is extremely easy to tell them that you are getting married. Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action Working with Words and Expressions 1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary. Text A abroad dictate reject transmit transplant tremendous Text B burst delay flavor proof slice slippery splash tender 1) Do you have any proof that it was Jeremy who stole the bike? 2) Could you slice a piece of cake for me? I want to taste it. 3) A