新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后习题答案完整UNIT(1).docx

新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后习题答案完整UNITListen and Respond Task One Focusing on the Main Ideas Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements according to the information contained in the listening passage. 1) One of the reasons for the annual increase in HIV infections is that _. A) people show little concern about HIV B) no effective cure for AIDS has been found yet C) people are unaware of the danger of HIV D) there is no way to prevent HIV from spreading 2) The first reason given for AIDS education is _. A) to prevent new infections from taking place B) to help people know where HIV infections may happen C) to tell people how to protect themselves from HIV and AIDS D) to tell people about the two processes of prevention from HIV infections 3) The second reason for AIDS education is _. A) to curb the HIV infection B) to ask hospitals to offer more help C) to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive people D) to give financial aid to AIDS patients 4) The third reason for AIDS education is _. A) to reduce the fear of HIV and AIDS B) to bring down the death rate of AIDS C) to prevent the spread of HIV D) to protect HIV-positive people or AIDS patients 5) The purpose of the passage is _. A) to explain why we should overcome the fear of AIDS B) to criticize schools for neglecting AIDS education C) to prove that the danger of AIDS has been overstated (夸大) D) to give the reasons for AIDS education Task Two Zooming In on the Details Listen to the passage again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard. 1) A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a cure for AIDS . So education is important in preventing the spread of HIV. 2) There are TWO processes to prevent new HIV infections: one is to give people information about HIV and the other is to teach people how to put this information to use and act on it practically. 3) HIV-positive people need to get medical services and drug supplies . And they also need to find appropriate emotional and practical support and help. 4) Many people fear those who are HIV-positive. Some extreme cases can be found in India , where AIDS patients were burned to death . Read and Explore Task One Discovering the Main Ideas 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A. 1) Why does the author describe Charles Winget and his wife in the first paragraph? Because she intends to show that peoples bodies operate at different speeds. 2) How would behavioral scientists explain the differences between Charles Winget and his wife? Behavioral scientists would say that such differences were caused by personal eccentricities or early conditioning. 3) What are circadian rhythms according to Franz Halberg? According to Franz Halberg, circadian rhythms are the regular daily patterns of our body. That is, our systems work on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes our body speeds up, and sometimes it slows down. It achieves peak efficiency for only a limited time each day. 4) How does the study of chronobiology benefit people in general? Chronobiology tells people how to coordinate their activities with their biological capacities so that they can achieve their best with the least effort. 5) What approach has been developed to help a person recognize his bodys patterns? Winget and his associates have developed a simple approach. It is to record 6 readings of a persons temperature all throughout the day and put the readings on graph paper. The rising or falling patterns of the temperature can be recognized as his bodys patterns. 6) How should we arrange our mental and physical work according to the author? Physical work can be best done when our rhythms are at their peak. In most people, this peak lasts about four hours. For mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks such as mathematical work are best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By contrast, reading and reflection are better done between 2 and 4 p.m., which is the time when body temperature usually begins to fall. 7) What tips does chronobiology offer for effective dieting? Eating breakfast rather than dinner helps to lose weight, because calories burn faster in the morning than in the evening. 8) What tips for sleep problems are offered in the text? Three tips are offered. The first is that we should go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. The second is that the best way to recover from a bad nights sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. And the third tip is that we should beware of sleeping pills, as most sleeping pills wont work for periods longer than two weeks and there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood. 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part. Part Paragraph(s) Main Idea One 14 Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks. Franz Halberg, a physician-biologist, discovered that there is a 25-hour cycle in the body with the body systems running with regular patterns. Halberg called these regular patterns circadian rhythms. Two 56 Circadian principles have already been used to schedule astronauts work and it is expected that the work in chronobiology will be applied to increasing our efficiency in daily activities. Three 717 Taking the given approach to figure out our bodys patterns, we can then take advantage of chronobiology techniques to improve our health and productivity in such aspects of life as our daily work, dieting, taking medicine and sleeping. Four 18 It is important to keep regularity in all aspects of our life and learn to act in synchronization with our bodys natural rhythms. Task Two Reading Between the Lines Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts. 1. It is barely 5 a.m., but Winget is raring to go. Meanwhile, his wife pulls up the covers and buries her face under the pillow. (Para. 1) Early in the morning Winget wakes up and is eager to begin the days work while his wife still needs more sleep. That is to say, peoples body clocks run at different speeds, thus leading to different waking times. 2. Halbergs explanation: instead of performing at a steady, unchanging rate, our systems function on an approximately 25-hour cycle. (Para. 4) Many people believe that our systems work at the same rate all throughout the day, but it is not true. 3. Of course, individual variations make all the difference. (Para. 11) Different people may show different patterns of temperature change, and such differences reflect differences in their circadian rhythms. 4. All the subjects lost weight eating breakfast, states Sothern. Those who ate dinner either maintained or gained weight. (Para. 14) Sothern, a chronobiologist who personally did the research and whose words are to be taken seriously, emphasizes the point that for effective dieting, its a good choice to eat breakfast rather than dinner. 5. The best way to recover from a bad nights sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. (Para. 17) The best way to recover from a bad nights sleep is not to have more sleep in order to make up for the lost sleep, but to go on with your normal sleep-wake cycle, i.e. to go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. Checking Your Vocabulary Word Detective 1 Put down the right word from Text B in the space provided according to the given definition. The first letter of each word is already given. Example: election: the choosing by vote of a representative to take an official position 1) isolate: keep apart; separate from others 2) issue: produce (esp. sth. printed and / or official) 3) contract: get or begin to have (sth. bad, esp. an illness) 4) ignorance: lack of knowledge, information, or consciousness 5) broken: made discouraged or weak by misfortune, ill-health, etc. 6) segment: any of the parts into which sth. can be cut or divided 7) community: the people living together and/or united by common background, nationality, etc. 8) prejudice: (an) unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, esp. when formed without enough thought or knowledge 2 Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from Text B. Both the explanation and the number of the paragraph in which the target word or phrase appears are given in brackets. Be sure to use the proper form. Example: She wanted to protect her children from the evils of the outside world. (great wickedness or misfortune: Para. 7) 1) The two sides never agree. How can I bring their disputes to an end ? (cause sth. to finish, usu. after lasting some time: Para. 1) 2) The SARS victims have to be isolated so that they would not infect others. (of disease) get into the body of (sb.): Para. 3 3) The letter was full of threats and she decided to show it to the police. (an expression of an intention to hurt, punish, etc.: Para. 6) 4) By acting in this stupid way you may eventually put your whole future at risk ? (in danger: Para. 8) 5) It is time to set aside our differences and work together for a common purpose. (abandon or leave out of consideration: Para. 14) 6) James took the books off the little shelf to make room for the new photo frame. (push things closer together in order to provide space for another thing: Para. 14) 7) The government is appealing to everyone to save water. (make a strong request for support, help, etc.: Para. 15) Checking Your Comprehension 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B. 1) Why did Mary Fisher come to address the audience? She came to break the silence that has been kept over the issue of HIV/AIDS for a long time. 2) How serious is the situation of HIV infection? In the United States, two hundred thousand Americans are dead or dying; a million more are infected. AIDS is the third leading killer of young adult Americans today. Worldwide, 40 million, 60 million, or a hundred million infections will be counted in the coming few years. 3) Why does Fisher say that AIDS virus is not a political creature? Because it has nothing to do with politics. It does not care whether you are a Democrat or Republican; it attacks people regardless of race, sex or age; it does not ask whether you are gay or straight. 4) Why has the AIDS virus spread so widely? Because we have helped it spread with our ignorance, prejudice and silence. 5) Why shouldnt AIDS patients be treated cruelly? Because they are human. Each of them is a person. They are not evil and have not earned cruelty. They do not deserve meanness. They dont benefit from being isolated or treated as outcasts. They long for our pity and they are worthy of our compassion and support. 6) How have Fishers family members reacted to her being infected with HIV? Instead of practicing prejudice against her, they have rendered strong support to her. Her parents and her brother have shown concern for her consistently. They have always encouraged her and have helped her pull through the hardest moments in her struggle against the disease. 7) What does Mary Fisher call on her listeners to do? She calls on the whole nation to be aware of AIDS. She calls on the HIV positive to have the courage to fight it out. She calls on the healthy people to set aside prejudice and show compassion and support for AIDS patients. 2 Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts. 1) I have come tonight to bring our silence to an end. (Para. 1) To act on the proposal I made, I have to break the silence myself tonight. It is time to speak out the truth about the deadly disease AIDS. 2) Tonight, I represent an AIDS community whose members came reluctantly from every segment of American society. (Para. 5) AIDS has become so widespread that those who have been infected come from every part of society. 3) Are you human? And this is the right question: Are you human? (Para. 7) This question reveals the essence of the AIDS issue: Since AIDS poses a threat to humankind, every one of us, irrespective of race, age or sex, may contract HIV and become a victim of AIDS for the simplest reason that we are all human. 4) Because people with HIV have not entered some alien state of being. (Para. 7) Because people with HIV have not turned into some strange kind of creature that is totally different from us. They are just as human as anyone else. We have no reason to practice prejudice against them. 5) Then their children, and yours, may not need to whisper it at all. (Para. 15) Then the future generations will face the problem in an honest and frank manner. Only in this way can they deal with the disease effectively and make the world safe and free from this deadly disease. Optional Classroom Activities The two tables below illustrate respectively the leading causes of death worldwide in 2002 (Table 1) and the leading causes of death among 15 to 59-year-olds worldwide (Table 2) in the same year. Work in small groups and study the tables carefully, and then do the following two tasks: 1) Compare the two tables and find out in Table 2 a. What new causes of death are added? New causes of death added in Table 2 are: suicide, violence and liver cancer. b. What causes move up in ranking? Causes that move up in ranking in Table 2 are: HIV / AIDS, road accidents and tuberculosis. Suggestions for this activity: Since students will have no difficulty in finding out the answers to the questions in Task 1, this activity should focus on Task 2. In fact, no professional knowledge is required for a fruitful discussion. Students are encouraged to share their existing knowledge and pool their ideas. If time permits, ask some students to give presentations to the whole class. 2) Discuss what might have caused the above differences. Table 2 shows an increase in the ranking of deaths due to HIV / AIDS, tuberculosis, road accidents, suicide, violence and liver cancer among people in the 1559 age bracket, compared to their rankings in all age groups. Teenagers (1319 year olds) and young people tend to be more passionate, emotional and adventurous. So they may love taking risks: breaking traffic laws, taking drugs, being loose with sexual relationships. And they may easily feel frustrated with failures in their study or relationships. Hence more deaths resulting from road accidents, violence, HIV /