形容词和副词形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词.docx

形容词和副词形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词形容词和副词形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面 1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。例如：ill (he man is ill)。 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3. 形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1. 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 例如：Her singing was lovely. 2. 有些以-ly 结尾既为 形容词，也为副词。 例如：daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early (The Times is a daily paper.) 用形容词表示类别和整体 1. 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry (The poor are losing hope. ) 2. 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。例如：the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. (The English have wonderful sense of humor. ) 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词 例如： a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 在不能确定时，可参照下表： 限定词+数量词+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 those + three + beautiful + large + square + old + brown + wood + table 形容词须注意的问题 1. 只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little，wooden，golden，many，elder 2.只能用作表语不能用作定语的形容词well，ill，alone, content，unable，worth，afraid，alive, asleep, ashamed, awake, aware. an ill boy, an alone village 就是错的短语, an ill idea 坏点子ill当定语时是转义了, 不是有病的了。 3. 表示倍数常用的句型:He is as tall a boy as I. He is a head taller than I . He is two years older than I China is four times as large as Europe. I am twice as old as you I am twice older than you. I am twice the age of you. My books are twice as many as yours . China is four times larger than Europe. China is four times the size of Europe. I pay twice as much as it was worth. I pay twice as much for the house. 4. 与动词有区别,表示延续状态的形容词:open,dead, still静,一动也不动,常修饰动词sit ,stand The door is open/closed.不要选opened或close.有特殊意义的形容词有: closed关,close形容词是近,不是关了 near ,nearly ,hard ,hardly ,most ,mostly大多数 5. very修饰原级形容词副词，修饰ing，放在名词前表示强调。 6. much 修饰动词，修饰比较级最高级，修饰过去分词 。 7. -ly结尾一般是副词，但有些ly结尾是形容词的：lonely，friendly，They talk in a friendly way.lovely，ugly，silly，likely，deadly， 8. 在be，seem，及物当主语的look，taste。smell，feel，sound，appear等动词后用形容词，I looked at the flower. The flower looks beautiful. He appeared (出现)suddenly. He appeared(显得) happy. 9. 表示主语长期的静止状态,不强调动作的sit,stand,lie 接形容词quiet, silent, still, red, peaceful等 The valley lay quiet and peaceful She sat silent. They stood still. 10. become,fall ,get,go,turn表示变得时后跟形容词. The leaves fell/got/went/turned yellow. It fell/got/went/turned cold. 11. present表示出席的,到场的的时候常放在名词后,the members present表示现在的则放在名词前the present members 12. live有时可用做形容词: a live fish 活鱼(形容动物，不形容人 ) The broadcast comes to you live from Canada 实况转播 That wire is live 电线是带电的 lively 生动的，活泼的。His class is often lively. 13. the +adj表示一类人,是复数The rich should help the poor.the blind/wounded/young/old 14. 多个形容词作定语时的位置: 排列顺序大致为:all/quite/such/rather限定词(包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词、不定代词等) + 描绘形容词(短词在前,长词在后)+ 特征形容词(包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等)+ 颜色形容词 + 类属形容词(包括专有形容词和材料质地形容词) + 名词性定语(包括动名词)+ 名词。 It is such a charming little short old round yellow 副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 1. 副词的位置： a.在动词之前。b在be动词、助动词之后。c.多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意：a.大多数方式副词位于句尾但宾语过长副词可以提前以使句子平衡You could see very clearly a light ahead of you. b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。 Mary speaks English well because she is a Canadian. 2. 副词的排列顺序： a. 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 b. 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully. c. 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错) I very like English. (对) I like English very much. 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I don't know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. 3. 兼有两种形式的副词 a. close与closely close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地" He is sitting close to me. W atch him closely. b. late 与lately late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近" You have come too late. What have you been doing l牛津版中考英语形容词与副词练习.doc