广州英语上海牛津七年级上语法知识.docx

广州英语上海牛津七年级上语法知识Unit1-Unit5知识总结 Unit1 Making Friends l “would like to do”表示“想做” = want to do E.g. I would like/want to play basketball.我想打篮球。 Playing chess是动词-ing短语，用在is后面作表语 动词-ing短语还可以作主语 enjoy + doing形式 l finish, keep, practise等+doing sth. work as从事工作 E.g. He worked as a bus driver when he was 20. He is keen on running. l be in glasses = be wearing glasses 意思是“戴着眼镜”=I am wearing glasses 舞者dance + r 演员act + or 招待员wait + er 工程师engine + er l 表示“参加某一组织”，“代表某一队伍”时，常用介词on l one of + superlative+ n.(plural)，表示中最的之一 E.g. Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China. l 不定冠词a & an l 当第一次提及某人或某物时，在名词前使用a或an l 当以辅音音素开头的单词时，前面用a E.g. a house, a useful book l 当以元音因素开头的单词时，前面用an E.g. an apple, an hour l 定冠词the l 当我们在次提及到某人或某物时，在名词前用the l 在表示独一无二的事时要用the l 国家名和地名前面不用the，例外：the UK, the USA l play the guitar, play volleyball 乐器前加the，球类前不加the l 序数词前加the，三餐前不加the，指一家人前加the l many + C.修饰可数名词 much + U. 修饰不可数名词 l at the beginning of在的开始 at the end of在的末尾 in the middle在中间 l why not + do sth. = why dont you do sth. Unit2 Our Daily Life l 单数概念：onethe other两者中的一个，另一个 E.g. I have two brothers. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher. l 单数概念：oneanother三者或三者中的一个，另一个 l 复数概念：someother + n.(pl.)一些，另一些 E.g. Some students come from Yuexiu, some are from Baiyun and others are from Panyu. l 复数概念：somethe other + n.(pl.)一些，另一些 E.g. There are nine apples on the table. Some are red, the others are green. l 一般现在时 l 频率副词通常位于：be动词，助动词，情态动词的后面，行为动词的前面。sometimes还可以位于句首。 l 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态、日常行为习惯或客观事实等。 l 谓语动词是be动词的变化： 否定句：主语 + be + not +其它 一般疑问句：be +主语+其它 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？ l 谓语动词是行为动词的变化：主语+行为动词原型 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在行为动词后加“-s”或“-es” 否定句：主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原型 一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ l 动词第三人称单数形式的构成： 1. 一般的动词后面直接加-s，如：walkwalks 2. 以-s, -x, -sh或-ch结尾的动词后加-es，如：discussdiscusses 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es，如：studystudies 4. 特殊变化，如：dodoes l with+身体特征，经常用来描述一个人的动作、体态特征、外貌或身上的装饰品 E.g. the girl with big eyes, the boy with his hands on his head l be in+颜色+衣服表示穿着什么颜色的衣服 E.g. be in the blue T-shirt, be in the white shirt Unit3 Troubles l interesting、exciting通常用来描述事物 interested、excited通常描述人 -ed 修饰人，-ing修饰物 l keep意为“保持”，连系动词。后跟形容词构成系表结构。表示“保持某种状态”。类似用法的连系动词还有feel, become等 E.g. feel hot, become more beautiful l 一般过去时 l 表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，一般与表示过去的时间状语连用。 l 规则动词的过去式变化方式： 1. 一般的动词后面加-ed 2. 以-e结尾的动词后面加-d 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed 4. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed l bewas/were bringbrought buybought cancould comecame dodid drivedrove fallfell getgot givegave gowent hearheard knowknew meetmet leaveleft putput riderode runran saysaid seesaw speakspoke standstood stealstole taketook teachtaught wearwore l -ed发音规则：清辅音后发/t/，浊辅音、元音后发/d/， t、d后发/id/ E.g. asked turned argued started ended l fewer and fewer friends朋友越来越少 less and less money钱越来越少 few修饰可数，less修饰不可数 Unit4 Hobbies l all的部分否定和全否定：肯定句：All the stars are the same. 所有的星星都是一样的。 部分否定：Not all the stars are the same. = All stars are not the same. 全否定句：None of the stars are the same. (none /nn/ 所有都不) l Its + adj. + to do sth. 做什么事情是怎样的。 It是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth. E.g. Its important to learn English well. = To learn English well is important. = Learning English well is important. l as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用“就远原则”，也就是跟最前边的主语保持一致。 E.g. The teacher as well as the students wants to see the film. l when从句可放在主句前或后，当位于主句之前时，句中要用逗号隔开。 l when时间状语从句中，主句与从句的时态要一致。 l 区别except/besides和except for： except：指“除之外”，“-” E.g. He gets up early every day except Sunday. besides：指“除之外”，“+” E.g. Five others were late besides me. except for：指前后比较范围是不同类型的 E.g. Except for one old man, the bus was empty. Unit5 Encyclopaedias l 当neithernor连接两个主语时，主谓一致采用“就近原则”，即跟后边的那个主语保持人称和数的一致。 E.g. Neither you nor she is wrong. Neither she nor you are wrong. l a number of“许多的；大量的”，=many，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 E.g. A number of students are playing on the playground. l Countable & Uncountable Noun可数与不可数名词： 近 远 单数 this这个 that那个 复数 these这些 those那些 l 修饰可数名词：不定冠词(a, an)，数词many, (a)few, several, a number of 修饰不可数名词：much, (a)little, a great deal of 共同的：some, all, a lot of, lots of l 可数名词复数的构成方法： 1. 一般在名词后加-s：dogdogs 2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加-es：watchwatches 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词改y为i再加es：countrycountries 4. 以o结尾的名词，加-s或-es：potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes 5. 以f, fe结尾的名词，改f, fe为v加-es：knifeknives 6. 需要记忆的特殊复数形式 l 复合词的复数：改中心词为复数 girl studentgirl students l 一张纸a piece of paper,一条建议a piece of advice,一条新闻a piece of news,一支粉笔a piece of chalk,一瓶墨水a bottle of ink,一碗米饭a bowl of rice,一杯啤酒a glass of beer,一公斤盐a kilo of salt