小学英语语法知识点精讲+精练.docx

小学英语语法知识点精讲+精练姓名： 1 英语语法知识点汇总 精讲+精练 一、名 词 表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was； 最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”： a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读 s， 浊辅音和元音后读z。 b以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 读音：iz。 c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries , baby-babies, city-cities, story-stories；读音：z。 以元音字母+y结尾，直接加-s如：boy-boys, toy-toys, monkey-monkeys, key-keys d以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives, wolf-wolves, wife-wives, leaf-leaves, life-lives, thief-thieves, half-halves；读音：z。 e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况 1）有生命的+es 读音：z 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音：z 如：photo-photos radio-radios zoo-zoos piano-pianos zero-zeros /zeroes f. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、不可数名词没有复数。 如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。 例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice 练一练 1、写出下列各词的复数。 baby_ eye_ tomato_ library_ goose_telephone_I_him_ this_ her_ watch_ mango_child _photo _ diary_ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_sandwich_ man_ woman_leaf_people_ 2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。 Are there two ( box ) on the table? I can see some ( people ) in the cinema. How many ( day ) are there in a week? Herere five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you. This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there. 2 3、分出下列单词中的可数名词和不可数名词 peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge bus rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry 可数名词： 不可数名词： 4、填入所给名词的适当形式 1. We have three_(pen). 2. This is an _(apple). 3. Where is the_(pencil)? 4. There is a little _ in the bottle(juice). 5. Are you a _(driver)? Yes, I am. 6. There are a few _(watch)on the desk. 7. Many_(shelf)are in our school library. 8. He has some_(ink). 9. The_(girl)in red is Mary. 10.How many_(people)are there in your family? Three. 5、选择题 ( )1.There is _on the table. A. Plate B.a plate C.plates ( )2.I can see many _in the garden. A.flowers B.a flower C.flowers ( )3.The_on the hills are all white. A.sheep B.sheeps C.dog ( )4.These new_are for you. A.skirt B.shoe C.shirts ( )5.The clock has three_ A.legs B.leg C.faces ( )6.They are not in the same_. A.class B.classes C.familys ( )7.Is this your_? A.a key B.keys C.key ( )8.They are having_. A.a class B.English class C.Chinese class ( )9.There are so many _in the hall. A.peoples B.people C.a people ( )10.The_has some nice pictures. A.boys B.teachers C.child ( )11.The_are dancing at the party. A.woman B.women C.man ( )12.The _are in Room408. A.student B.a student C.students ( )13.Whos that_? Shes my mother. A.man B.woman C.women ( )14.The_are catching the thief. A.policeman B.policemen C.policemans ( )15.There are new _in my schoolbag. A.knife B.knifes C.knives ( )16._jacket is it? May be its_. A.Whos;Toms B.What;Toms C.Whose;Toms 3 ( )17.The books are the_. A.teachers B.teachers C.teacher ( )18.There are a lot of children in the park on_Day. A.children B.Childrens C.Childrens ( )19.Is it the twins bedroom? Yes,it is. Its_bedroom. ( ( ( ( ( A.Ann and Annas B.Anns and Annas C.Ann and Anna )20.That is _dog. A.Toms B.Toms C.Tom )21._coats are very pretty. A.Jim and Tims B.Jims and Tims C.Jim and Tim )22.They are going to their_home for dinner. A.uncles B.uncle C.uncles )23.The big room is_. A.the twins B.twins C.the twins )24.March 8th is_. A.Womans Day B.Womans Day C.Womens Day 二、冠 词 冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。 1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an arm,an old man, an English watch, an hour,an umbrella a book, a map, a university ,a useful book, 2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。 the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法： 用来表示特指某人或某事物。如：The map on the wall is new. 表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please. 表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. 用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall长城 用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江 此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。 如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。 The Turners are going home on a train. 用在乐器名称前。如：Do you like playing the piano? 你喜欢弹钢琴吗？ 用在集合名词前，指一个整体。 如：The family are all music lovers. 全家人都是音乐爱好者 3、不用冠词的情况 1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 The desk is made of wood. What is work? Work is struggle 2）专有名词前通常不用定冠词： England， China Mary Lilei Mr.Green 3） 在星期、月份，季节，节日等名词前： We have four seasons- spring, summer, autumn and winter一年有四季：春夏秋冬 4 We often go to sea a film on Sunday. 我们经常周日去看电影。 Tomorrow is National Day. 明天是国庆节。 4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this， my，that， those， these， her) 如：this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等 5） 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如： have breakfast play chess play basketball English class (注意 在乐器前必须加定冠词 如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin) 6）固定短语： by bus 乘坐公共汽车 after school 放学后 in bed 卧床 at first 首先 at noon在中午 on foot步行 注：确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。 练一练 1、用a或an填空。 _ “U” _ice-cream _ goalkeeper _teapot _apple _office _English book _umbrella _unit _hour 2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。 Who is _girl behind _tree? _old man has two children, _ son and _daughter. This is _ orange. _ orange is Lucys. He likes playing _guitar. We have _same hobby. We all had_good time last Sunday. She wants to be_doctor. 3、判断正误 a story( ) a apple ( ) a paper a orange a pretty woman an school ( ) an useful book ( ) 4、用正确的a和an填空。 1、cat can catch mice. 2、The ant is ( ) insect . 3、Lucy spends ( )hour doing her home work everyday . 4、Bob's father is ( )engineer . 5、John is ( ) honest boy 5、在空格内填上a或an 1. _ear 2._actor 3. _hen 4. _toy 5. _university 6. _elephant 7. _hat 8._umbrella 9._rabbit 10._idea 11._hour 12_ honest boy 13._interesting book 14._easy question 15._orange dress 16_apple pie 17_X-ray machine 18._ice cream 6、课堂练习 1.Mom tells her little daughter old story every night. A. a B. / C. an D. the 2. computer on the table is Susans. 5 A. A B. An C. The D. / 3.There is map of the world on wall. map is mine. A. a, a, A B. a, the, The C. the, the, The D. the, the, A 4. Whites live on floor. A. /, three B. A, third C. The, third D.The, the third 5. Spring comes after winter. A. /, / B.The, / C.The, the D.A, the 6.I bought shoes yesterday. shoes are very beautiful. A. a, The B. a pair of, The C. the, The D. a pair, The pair 7.He was soldier in the Second World War. A. a B. an C. the D. / 8.She can play and . A. the tennis, the guitar B. tennis, guitar C. the tennis, guitar D. tennis, the guitar 9.I can see moon and clouds in the sky. A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the 10. “c” is in “cat.” “s” is in “sat.” A. An, An B. An, A C. A, A D. A, An 11. Tiananmen Square is in Beijing. A. /, / B. A, / C. The, / D. /, the 12.Can you tell me nearest bookshop? Go straight and turn right at_third crossing, and you will see it. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, / 7、用a,an,the或“/”填空 1._Washington is _capital of _United States of America. 2.There is _”A” on his paper. 3. I ate _apple .Its _red apple. 4._tall man over there is my boss. 5._earth moves around sun. 三 数 词 数词是表示数量多少或顺序先后的词。分为基数词和序数词。 我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而序数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。 区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。 基数词 1. 表示数量多少的词是基数词，如：one, two, three等。 2. 数词的构成 1）从112分别由从one到twelve，12个各不相同的词表示。 6 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 2）从1319均以后缀-teen结尾。 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 3）从2090的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几十几”时，个位和十位之间需加连字符。 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 21 twenty-one 32 thirty-two 43 forty-three 4）整百数由19加hundred构成。 100 one (a) hundred 500 five hundred 5) 整百数和整十数之间由and连接，十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”。如果十位数为零，那就在百位和个位之间用and连接。 101 one hundred and two 245 two hundred and forty- five 6）千 thousand 百万 million 十亿 billion 注：1、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys 2、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。 如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice 三杯茶 three cups of tea 五瓶可乐 five bottles of Coke 、序数词 序数词表示排列顺序，如first, second, third等。 构成规则： 1) 序数词第一、第二和第三为first, second和third,其他序数词的构成是在基数词后加th。例如： six sixth seven seventh ten tenth four fourth 2) fifth(第五)、 eigth (第八)、 ninth (第九)和twelfth (第十二)在拼法上有变化。 first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth 3) 二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y变成ie再加-th twentytwentiethfortyfortieth twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth 4) 基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。 例如：twenty-one twenty-first forty-five forty-fifth 5) th构成。 例如：第一百hundredth 第一千thousandthmillionth 第十亿billionth 6）.序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。 例如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 32nd, 40th 7) 序数词前必须加定冠词the The first time I came to China, I liked it very much. 7 The first is always better than the second.She will choose the third. 她将选择第三。 . 数词的应用 1）时刻的表示法 A、表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o'clock 5:00 读作 five o'clock 或 five B、半点的表示法 表示半点钟时，用“钟点数+ thirty”或“half+ past +钟点数”表示 2: 30 two thirty / half past two 8:30 eighty thirty / half past eighty C、“几点几分”的表示法 用“钟点数+分钟数”表示 7：10 seven ten 9：40 nine forty 分钟数在30分钟以内的，用“分钟数+ past +钟点数”表示，意为“几点过几分 7：10 ten past seven 10:15 fifteen past ten / a quarter past ten 分钟数超过30分钟的，用“+ to +下一个钟点数”表示，意为“差几分到几点” 10:40 twenty to eleven 2 : 45 fifteen to three / a quarter to three 2）编号的表示法 编号既可以用序数词,也可用基数词。 the tenth lesson Lesson Ten the fiftieth page page fifty Room 321(读作three two one) 321号房间 Tel.No.4013586(读作Telephone number four 0 one three five eight six) 电话号码4013586 3）年、月、日的表示法 英语中表示日期的顺序通常为月日年或日月年。 1、月、日的表示法 “月”用英语中表示月份的名词，“日”用基数词或序数词表示都可以。 x月x日 July 8(July eight) / July 8th ( July the eighth) x月x日 October 1 ( October one) / October 1st ( October the first) 2、年的表示法 1983nineteen eighty-three 1700seventeen hundred 1870eighteen seventy 2008two thousand and eight 1601sixteen and one或sixteen hundred and one 965nine sixty-five 3、年、月、日的表示法 XX年x月x日 September 1st, 1986 / 1st September, 1986 XX年x月x日 August 8, 2011 / 8th August, 2011 练一练 1、写出下列基数词 12 14 20 40 90 19 400 600 8 35 78 305 678 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。 one two three five nine eight fourteen twenty thirty-five eighty-one 3、用英语表示下列时间 10: 05 8: 30 12:10 1:15 5:47 9:23 3:51 11:49 6:00 7:22 4、请翻译下列短语。 60名学生 15本英语书 九杯凉水 4个孩子 x月x日 x月x日 第九周 XX年前 11+7 上学第一天 5、用英语表示下列日期 11月1号 2月10号 5月22号 9月17号 10月3号 12月19号 6、1）根据括号中的数字填写合适的序数词或基数词。 1、Bill is years old , he is in Class Grade . 2、My birthday is on the of March . 3、September is the month in a year . 4、Which boy is thinner , the one or the one ? 5、There are students in our class . 2）单项选择 ( )1There are _ days in a year Athree hundred and sixty five Bthree hundred and sixty-five Cthree hundreds and sixty five Dthree hundreds and sixtyfive ( )2Danny lives in _ Aroom 404 BRoom 404 C404 room D404 Room ( )3Jim is in _ Aclass one，grade six Bgrade one，class six CClass One，Grade Six DGrade One, Class Six ( )4The bike costs me _ yuan Afive hundred forty Bfive hundreds fourty Cfive hundred and forty Dfive hundred fourty ( )5My telephone number is _ Aeighty eight two forty four zero nine Beight eight two double four O nine Ceighty eight two forty-four zero nine Deight eight two four four zero nine 9 ( )6Is there any food for us _? Aten Btenth Cthe tenth Dthe ten ( )7Mary is _ girl A. an 8 year old B8一yearsold Cthe 8 years old Dan 8一yearold ( )8What day is today? _ AJune BTuesday CIt is hot DIts fine ( )9Whats the date today? _ AIts Saturday BIts July CIt