小学四年级英语语法.docx

小学四年级英语语法智趣外语学校四年级语法大全 第一章 名词 名词的概念 在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。 一、名词的数 名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示一个时用单数，两个以上时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用数词+单位+of+物质名词的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片面包)， 变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数， 如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。 *名词复数的构成法则 1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音 shop - shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 s bag - bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 z window - windows (窗户) 在元音后读 z 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。 class - classes (班级) 词尾读音 iz box - boxes (盒子) match - matches (比赛) brush - brushes (刷子) 3. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词， 变y为 i 加es. story - stories (故事) 词尾读音 iz 4. 以元音字母 +y 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s key - keys 词尾读音 z monkey - monkeys 5.以 o 结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加s, 但个别加 es tomato - tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音 z potato - potatoes (土豆) zoo - zoos (动物园) photo - photos (照片) *口诀： 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)， 头顶一个大芒果。 6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves. leaf - leaves (树叶) 词尾读音 vz knife - knives ( 小刀) *口诀： 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架下保己命，半(half)片树叶遮目光。 *口诀： 长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。 例： roof - roofs ( 屋顶) 7. 不规则名词复数的变化 man - men (男人) tooth -teeth (牙齿) child - children (儿童) mouse - mice(老鼠) foot - feet (脚) woman - women (女人) 8. 名词单复数形式一样 sheep - sheep (绵羊) deer - deer English - English Chinese - Chinese *口诀： 男人，女人a变e； 鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee； 其实老鼠也好记ous变ic； 孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。 二、名词所有格的构成法 1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如: This is Toms desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如: the teachers reading room 教师阅览室 the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒 3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如： the childrens palace 少年宫 mens room 男厕所 1 *名词所有格口诀： 名词所有格，s前面加一撇，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。 名词练习题 一、写出下列名词的复数形式 puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _ 4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _ 7.tomato _ 8.child _ 9.tooth _ 10.foot_ 11.wife _12.potato _ 13.play _ 14.day _ 15.glass _ 16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _ 22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24. deer _25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _28. English _29.mouse _30. man _ 二、汉译英 1Tom的足球 _ 2. 老师们的自行车_ 3学生们的课桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒_ 5姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子们的香蕉_ 7蚂蚁们的早餐 _ 8.妈妈的包_ 9姐姐的连衣裙_ 10女孩们的苹果_ 三、把下列句子翻译成英文 1这些 是Peter 的篮球吗？ _ 2这个是老师的钢笔吗？ _ 3有一些书在Sam的课桌上。_ 4有一些孩子们在教室里。_ 四、改错 1.There are some butterflys on the table. _ 2.This is Alice dress. _ 3.I like tomato very much. _ 五、将下列句子变成复数形式。 1This dog is brown. _ 2. There is a book and a pen on the table. _ 3.That woman is a teacher. _ 能力测试卷 一、将下列名词变成复数形式。 1.plane tree lesson month apple shirt 2. box bus brush watch class fox 3.knife life leaf Wife thief 4.day boy monkey baby country story 5.photo radio piano tomato hero 6. child tooth man Sheep English Chinese 二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打 1The house is my brother. _ 2. He has visited many country. _ 3. They are Englishs. _ 4. This is Tom red bike. _ 三、选择填空 1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman 2.The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth 3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books 2 4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _? A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6.There are _ on the floor. A. some box B. some boxes 四、将下列句子变成复数形式。 1This sheep is white. _ 2. There is a desk and a chair in the room. _ 3.That man is a doctor. _ 第二章 代词 一、人称代词 1人称代词即表示你、我、他、你们、我们、他们等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表： 数 人称 主格 宾格 单数 第一人称 I me 第二人称 you you 第三人称 he him she her it it 复数 第一人称 We us 第二人称 you you 第三人称 they them 主格与宾格： 人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。 人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。 人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I cant write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。 2.人称代词的排列顺序 人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。 1） 单数代词：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I 2） 复数代词：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they 3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she *人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见； 单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三； 麻烦事情我站前，其他人称没意见； 两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。 二、物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 人第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 类别 形容词性 my our your your his,her,its their 名词性 mine our yours yours his,hers,its theirs 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣? Its hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat *关于物主代词的口诀： 物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有的，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误， my your his her its our their 不放过。 形容词性是基础，除了我的 mine外，其他词尾s性 形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。 三、反身代词 反身代词也叫自身代词，表示*自己。 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself 复数 ourselves yourselves I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。 *反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀： 3 himself, herself themselves 反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f 四、指示代词 This (这个)- these (这些) 指近处的事物 That (那个)- these (那些) 指远处的事物 例，This is a book. 这是本书。 These are some books. 这些是书。 That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车. 代词练习题 一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Mary is a friend of _. ( I ) 2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he ) 4. This is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ). 5. These pens are _ ( we ). 二、填写下列表格。 人称代词 我 我们 你，你们 他 她 它 他们 主 格 宾 格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 三、改写下列句子 Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine. 1. That is her ruler. _ 2. These are their footballs. _ 3. This is my backpack . _ 4. Those are your boxes. _ 四、把下列句子改写成复数。 1. This is a butterfly. _ 2. That is a bus. _ 3. It is a mouse. _ 五、改错。 1.This is mine lamp. _ 2.These are ours books._ 3. That are their teacher. _ 4.The house is my brother. _ 5. He has visited many country. _ 6. They are Chineses. _ 7. This is Tom red bike. _ 能力测试卷 一、帮下面的好朋友团圆 I 她 its 我们 her 他们 we 我 they 你的 their 他们 your 她的 she 它的 二、填空 1Shes a teacher . This is _ bag. 2. Hes a driver. This is _ taxi. 3. I am a boy . _ name is Peter. 4. -Whats _ name? - My name is Tony. 5. Its my puppy. _ name is Mimi. 三、选择 ( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _. A. him B. he C. his D. she ( ) 2. _ book is it ? Its _. A. Whoseher B. Whose hers C. Whohers D. Whom her ( ) 3. He is a friend of _. A. our B. us C. my D. mine 4 四、改错 1. I, you and he are all teachers. _ 2. This is mine teddy bear. _ 3. These are ours bags. _ 4. These is their teachers. _ 第三章 数词和冠词 一、数词 表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。 1 最基本的基数词如下表所示： 110 1119 20100 1 one 11 eleven 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one hundred *基数词的写法 ：2199的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符-。 例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine 百位数：个位数基数词形式加hundred，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。 例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight 2序数词的构成 1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例， four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth 2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例， one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth 3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例， twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth 4） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例， twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fifth a hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀： 基变序，有规律；词尾加上th 一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d； 八去t,九去e,；ve要用f替； 整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e； 要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。 二、冠词 冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book. 1. 不定冠词指人或事物的某一种类，表示一个，但不强调数量。 She is a teacher. Thats an orange. 2. 定冠词 the，是特指某人、某物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。 This is a bus. The bus is big. 3. 不用冠词的情况： 1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如， Chinese, English, Jim等。 2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如， that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如， 5 at home 在家 go to school 去上学 *定冠词the的用法记忆口诀： 特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾； 海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山； 方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关； 船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊； 姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。 *零冠词用法口诀： 月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前； 三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。 冠词和数词专项练习 一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填/。 1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time 6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ orange 10) _melon 11) _ eraser 二、选择填空 1.There is _ m in the word primary A. an B.a C.the D./ 2.This is _ orange bike . A.a B.an C.the D/ 3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper . A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world . A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening . A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river . A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit . A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come . A.The B.a C.the D./ 9.Do you see _ book on _ table ? A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room . A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine . A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm . A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 . A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much . A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day . A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser . A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代词填空: 1._ , _ and _ are all good friends . A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ . A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ ? A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. What are you doing ? I am looking at _ in the mirror ? A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music . A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she 能力测试卷 6 一、写出相邻的数词 1. twenty 2. five 3. twelve 4. fifty-eight 5. ninety 6. seventy 7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred 9. one thousand 10. one 二、选择正确答案 1.There are days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2.There are students in this school. A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.My brother is in . A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 4.He was doing some washing . A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning 5.There are months in a year. December is the month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 6.Sunday is the day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second D. third 7.Autumn is season in a year. A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third 8.Tom was to get to school and I