10研究生英语.doc

考试科目：研究生英语(一) 使用专业： 全校研究生题号一二三四五六七八九十总分得分专业班级姓名学号注：未填写姓名及学号的考生按照旷考处理注明请命题教师 1、需要草纸共（ ）页 2、考试类型为（ 闭 ）卷 3、考试时间为（ 90 ）分钟4、试卷第（ ）套 . Vocabulary (1×25=25) Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlinded word in the sentence.1. His speech was made with such great ambiguity that neither supporter nor opponent could be certain of his true pisition.A. neatness B. acquisition C. vagueness D. perception2. Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk.A. alleviate B. manage C. supress D. trace3. Im trying to foster an interest in classical music in my childrenA. encourage B. adopt C. oppose D. resist4. The names of Chinese dishes are diverse.A. misleading B. varied C. interesting D. divided5. Guangdong Province is located in southern China, with a moderate climate and abundant produce all year round.A. harsh B. mild C. excessive D. humid6. People later named it Dongpo Meat, to commemorate this gifted and generous poet.A. recommend B. honor C. promote D. advocate7. It can be romantic, exciting, obsessive, and irrational.A. impatient B. polished C. compulsive D. spiritual8. Instead, it is an unhealthy or possesssive dependency that limits the lovers social, emotional, and intellectual growth.A. manipulative B. resistant C. jealous D. tremendous9. And, people who say they are “in love” emphasize caring, intimacy, and commitment.A. relationship B. fidelity C. accommodation D. promise10. He has traveled extensively in China, recording every facet of life.A. detail B. corner C. step D. aspect11. Hell never get anywhere working for himself-he lacks self-discipline.A. military training B. self control C. a vivid imagination D. a sense of belonging12. At that point, the public sector deficit was estimated to be around $45 billion.A. forecasted B. judged C. determined D. boasted13. Sales of the new drug have been stopped, pending further research.A. asking for B. looking for C. seeking for D. waiting for 14. Predictions of a disastrous slump in industry were proved unfounded by strong demand and continually increasing sales.A. decline B. ruin C. damage D. dump15. The young emperor had at his disposal a very powerful light unfantry army with experienced officers and very high morale.A. with his will B. under his control C.within his power D.to his surprise16. This might have been caused by moving the box away from the outside wall, but no one at the Louvre could confirm that .A. claim B. defend C. oppose D. verify17. Trade secrets should not be discussed in public.A. loudly B. carefully C. freely D. openly18. He was always diligent in his studies.A. hard working B. clever C. delighted D. concentrated19. One day in October 1582 he came to my house with a gloomy face.A. happy B. sad C. shining D. angry20. That placement left it vulnerable, he says A. over humid B. unwatched C. defenseless D. self-protecting共 5 页 第 1 页 专业班级姓名学号 注：未填写姓名及学号的考生按照旷考处理 21. The name “West End ” came to be associated with wealth, comfort, and goods of high quality.A. combined B. meant C. connected D. stressed22. The family did everything possible to try to convince Atzel that he was alive.A. show clearlyB. make believeC. argue withD. talk with23. We had rehearsals in the morning, and by lunch-time people were already coming across the river to get their places for the play.A. practice performanceB. good discussionsC. arrangementsD. good food24. Some agricultural practices are compatible with the maintenance of high populations of migrants.A. inconsistent withB. in agreement withC. opposed toD. favorable to25. The few studies that have been conducted have found that the diversity of migratory birds drops sharply when coffee is converted from shade to sun.A. revertedB. transportedC. madeD. changed. Reading Comprehension ( 1×1010)In this section there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneWithin fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken. Finally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. 26. The main purpose of the passage is _.A to warn people the danger of some wastesB to introduce a new recycling plantC to show us a future way of recycling wastesD to tell the importance of wastes 27. How many stages are there in the recycling process?A. 3.B. 4C. 5D. 628. What is the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?A Its more economical than to dump wastes in some distant places.B Energy can be got at a lower price.C To deal with wastes in a better way. D Its a good way to gain profits.29. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A The word “rubbish” will soon disappear from dictionaries.B Dangerous wastes can be recycled into nothing but energy.C Big cities will soon have their own recycling plants.D To recycle paper and rubber will still be impossible even with the new recycling methods.Passage TwoA USA Today analysis of fatality statistics reveals some startling findings: as many as 46,000 people may have died since 1975 because of a push of smaller, more fuel-efficient cars. These are the victims of small-car wrecks who might have survived in slightly bigger, heavier vehicles. American motorists have flirted with small cars for decades. Some consumers were attracted to nimbly handling, high fuel economy 共 5 页 第 2 页 专业班级姓名学号 注：未填写姓名及学号的考生按照旷考处理 and low prices. But small cars made the mainstream only after the nation panicked over fuel shortage that began in 1973. The 1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act was the governments response. Soon subcompacts and mini-compacts were pouring onto roads. The corporate average fuel economy standards the law imposed have improved fuel efficiency. The average of passenger cars on U.S. roads is 21 miles per gallon, versus 14m.p.g. in 1975. The smallest cars help automakers keep that number up. But there has been a cost. A 1989-1991 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration study analyzed car downsizing from 1975 to 1985. On average, cars got 1,000 pounds lighter, and wheelbases shank ten inches. NHTSA concluded, “Downsizing resulted in increases of nearly 2,000 fatalities and 20,000 serious or moderate injuries per year.” Today small cars comprise 18 percent of all vehicles on the road, according to an analysis of registration data. Yet they accounted for 36 percent of vehicle deaths in 1997, according to the latest available government figures. Thats about six times the death tally in full-sized cars.Little cars have big disadvantages in accidents. They generally have less space to absorb crash forces. The less the car absorbs, the more the people inside have. And most small cars dont have the weight or size to provide adequate protection for occupants.30. According to the passage, people favor smaller cars out of their concern for _.A. safety and price B. tax and priceC. fuel and safety D. price and fuel31. The passage states that the cost of fuel economy policy is _.A. the improvement of fuel efficiency B. the changes in car size and weightC. the decreasing sales volume of cars D. the increasing number of serious car accidents32. Small cars are believed to be less safe because _.A. they dont have adequate space to absorb crash forces B. they use less fuel and dont go fast enoughC. they dont provide adequate wheelbases D. they are difficult to drivePassage ThreeControversy has been raging for a long time between those who favor a “soft” approach and those who favor a “hard” approach to punishing criminals. But much of what actually happens in the legal system combines the worst features of both approaches.The basic problem is that the law hands out penalties in installment. The first installment is likely to be turning the criminal loose after some sociological mumbo jumbo about “rehabilitation” or “community” release. The young offender, especially, is likely to get the idea that the law is a paper tiger that can be defied and mocked. As he continues down the same road, the law slowly begins to act, sometimes only after many arrests and convictions. But just as the law is slow to start punishing, it is slow to stop. Installments keep coming long after the criminal has stopped raising hell and may be trying to settle down to raise a family. A prison record dogs him wherever he goes, cutting off his opportunities, making him a social pariah and generally painting him into a corner. Would it not have been more humane, as well as more effective, to have given the young offender a quick rap across the knuckles, to let him know the law means business? The ever more elaborate “rights” and “due process” which encircle the criminal have been criticized as unfair to the victim or to society. They may also be unfair to the criminal, especially the young offender who is repeatedly misled into believing that the law has no real teeth. By the time those teeth are finally sunk into him, it may be too late for him and too late for his victims. The soft-liners and the hard-liners both contribute to this tragic situation. The soft-liners dress up their indecision and cop-outs as deeper insight into the social causes of crime. Being poor, underprivileged, and discriminated against are supposed to cause crime. The hard-liners contribute to the problem by refusing to do anything about impossible prison conditions. Even a judge who has both feet on the ground and has the guts to enforce the law is going to hesitate to send a young man with a minor offense to an overcrowded prison snakepit, where he is likely to be terrorized and gang-raped. It will cost hard cash to maintain enough prison capacity to eliminate overcrowding and the breakdown of internal prison discipline that goes with it. It will cost tax dollars to hire the quantity and quality of guards needed to put the prison population under control of the authorities instead of under the prison terrorists. This isnt coddling criminals. This is protecting society. At the very least, it means giving the judge a place where he can send a young offender for a minor punishment rather than a dehumanizing trauma. Right now, there is nothing much in between letting him go scot-free and letting him be devastated as a human being. 33. Whats the main idea of the text?A. “soft” and “hard” approachesB. problem of the legal system in punishing criminalsC. the features of the legal systemD. the process how criminals are punished共 5 页 第 3 页 专业班级姓名学号 注：未填写姓名及学号的考生按照旷考处理