西安交大出版社研究生基础英语课后练习题答案.doc

01级研究生基英练习答案Unit 1 2. Vocabularya. (1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered(6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled on3. Cloze(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering(11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability(16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the countrys top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, its essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state-of-the-art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. Thats because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.b. English to Chinese很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。(2) 中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。(3) 在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。(4) 基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。(5) 通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。Text B Key to the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.(1) perilously(2) in harmony with(3) tricky(4) nurture(5) make a difference(6) insulated(7) deplete(8) step back(9) sustain(10) by way ofb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.(1) more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable(2) keep you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you want to do(3) simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun(4) are lined and not covering radiators (5) coming on, warm enough, youre not heating rooms(6) find a balance between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our quality of life(7) for the strictly necessary amount of time, hot/warm food(8) the curtains, the doors between rooms (9) reducing our energy consumption, travelling more efficiently(10) easily re-used and recycled, with the lowest packagingc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) FText 41. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general, eliminate drudgery from our lives(2) the computer-based artificial brain is still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot(3) the same kind of perception, cognition and thought as humans(4) generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circumstances(5) become quite formidable and will outperform human beings in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) attest(2) disoriented(3) elusive(4) negate(5) progeny(6) outstrip(7) versatile(8) meld(9) contingency(10) mainstayb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) A(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) D(8) D(9) B(10) B3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) cover(2) battlefield(3) deployed(4) initiating(5) aerial(6) problematic(7) arise(8) mindful(9) vital(10) goes(11) robotics(12) provided(13) collection(14) ethical(15) endowed(16) traits(17) expression(18) dumb(19) guidelines(20) stupid4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1. It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality; this is because mans cognition is limited by numerous social conditions. 2. Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking out. 3. Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of mans thinking mode. 4. From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins and insinuate himself into upper class society. 5. Its a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me any attention. 6. The invention of microprocessors set the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computeran affordable machine for the masses. 7. So theres no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times. 8. Taiwan, viewed from the historical facts and the international law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinese sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland. Chinese paragraph into English Sales of professional and personal service robots worldwide were estimated to have reached about 5.5 million this yearand are expected to more than double to 11.5 million by 2011yet there is little or no control over how these machines used. Some help busy professionals entertain children: other machines feed and bathe the elderly and incapacitated. “We need to look at guidelines for a cut-off so we have a limit to the contact with robots” one expert said. “Some robots designed to look after children with them for hours, or even days. At the other end of the age spectrum to child care, the relative increase in many countries in the population of the elderly relative to available younger care-givers has spurred the development of elder-care robots”b. English to ChineseEnglish paragraph into Chinese 计算机的能力当然与生存无关， 然而随着语言改变了人类的文化，至少是我们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西。这个机器的一个特点就是它能服从一系列随意的指令。而这些指令可以通过语言进行传递并得以执行。但是由于我们把数字看成是复杂的东西，将它们写下来并用以完成其它类是的功能，所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙，并且效率不高。我们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算，通过上百个计算机，尤其是那些经过重新设置用于计算的计算机，可以在几毫秒就完成。Underlined sentences into Chinese 1. 但它们并不是用高出一筹的逻辑和力量统治人类，而是有可能导致一个与他人完全隔绝的底层人群的生产。 2. 机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中，这可能导致（被服务者）与世隔绝的状态，因为人们在给机器人设定指令后，往往很长时间不在问津。 3. 许多机器人被设计成玩具， 但他们也能扮演照看孩子的角色：监督孩子的一举一动，通过无线电脑连接或移动电话与另一个房间甚至另一座建筑物内的家长联络。 4. 但是由于机器人保姆能在身体上保护孩子的安全，可能会造成孩子一天数小时或者几天都不与人接触，同时不同程度的与社会隔绝对孩子成长可能造成的心理影响目前还不清楚。 5. 护理老年人的机器人能帮助老年人在自己家中自理，但它们的存在可能会使老年人完全处于机器人照顾之下， 从而面临缺乏足够的与人交流机会的危险。Unit 5 Keys to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) A(2) C(3) C(4) B(5) Cb. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) arrange benches in all parks that are low enough for women to sit upon, and rest their feet upon the ground(2) hung for ten minutes above a roulette wheel gambling and only 40 cents left in his pocket at last(3) only gave 15 cents to the druggist, put the rest 85 cents in his own pocket and the child went home happily with the sticky candy in hand, never knowing being cheated(4) greenhorns, could be easily cheated(5) one of his female schoolmates, was quite innocent and pure compared to the now Morley2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) swindle(2) stolid(3) errand(4) solitary(5) saunter (6) pompous(7) cynical(8) purport(9) accrue(10) predatoryb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) A(2) B(3) C(4) B(5)A(6) A(7) D(8) C(9) B(10) D3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) unearth(2) observers(3) avoided(4) dodged(5) fascinated(6) imprisonment(7) accomplished(8) convicted(9) headquarters(10) twist(11) optimistic(12) deal(13) narration(14) catching(15) roaming(16) turn(17) inimitable(18) resides(19) complex(20) painstakingly4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Peoples money must be spent to advance their priorities, not to line pockets of contractors or to maintain projects that dont work.(2) Zurich residents, more than anyone in the world, earn $22. 60 per hour in average net pay, according to the Prices and Earnings report recently released by UBS.(3) Though she isnt British by birth, shes British citizen by virtue of her marriage to an Englishman.(4) Despite the blood gushing out from the wound, the heroic soldier succeeded in getting the mother and the son out of the bus which might explode at that moment. (5) He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face veiling his age.(6) While most bars and restaurants have addresses, Beirut is a maze of twisting side streets, many of them unmarked.(7) Behind the carriage came a motley string of figuresstreet Arabs, beggars, clowns turning somersaults and street vendors hawking their wares.(8) But at my back I always hear times winged chariot hurrying near; and yonder, all before us lie deserts of vast eternity.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.Edison understood a great principle of living almost any situationgood or badis affected by the attitude we bring to it. Tough minded optimists approach problems with a can do philosophy and emerge stronger form tragedies. Indeed, recent studies suggest that upbeat people earn more money, do better in school, are healthier and perhaps even live longer than pessimists. In his book Mans Search for Meaning, Dr. Viktor Frankl recalled even in that extreme situation there were “men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread. They may have been few in number, but they offer proof that everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the freedom to choose his attitude in any given set of circumstances.”b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.黑斯廷斯·比彻姆·莫利衣着讲究、整洁体面,那全倚赖于他的出身与教养。既然我们只能看到他衬衣前襟的衣浆,不好再探头深究里面包裹的胸膛,那就还是谈论一下他这一路上的活动和他与别人的对话来试图了解他吧。莫利兜里一分钱也没有;可他仍冲着那百余个肮脏的可怜人怜悯地微笑。他们一个子儿不比他多;就算太阳的第一道光芒映红了广场西边那座高高的裁纸大楼,他们还是不名一文。不过到那时莫利就有钱了。太阳下山时他口袋空空;但太阳升起时他将是钵满盆盈。2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 在过去的六年里,我通过讨论会、讲习班和个别指导的形式培训指导企业家,从中总结出有助于人们获得他们应该获得的成功的一些主要原则。(2) 学会宽恕、既往不咎是基本的原则。很多人将他们的过去拖入他们现在的生活中,致使他们对未来不能有一个明朗的预期。(3) 成功是一个过程,不是一次付清的报偿。你可以在成功之旅的入口交上十元钱,但你很快就会发现根本没有什么捷径可走。你永远不可能完全掌控自己生活中的每一个细节。(4) 所谓“行动计划”,我所说的是将你的目标落实到纸上,让它们看得见,变得触手可及,如此来监控你的工作进展。另外,你也必须要非常精确清晰地确立自己成功之旅的目标。(5) 当你坚持不懈地采取行动、既往不咎、对自己有信心,并不断加强自我的内在审视时,你就行进在了通向成功的路途中。Unit 5 Text Bc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.(1) F(2) F(3) T(4) T(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) TUnit 7 1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) C(3) B(4) A(5) Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) downloading TV to avoid ads, Netflixing series to watch them in one big marathon, enjoying the convenience or portability, cutting the cable or satellite bills to save money in hard times, using online video as a backup(2) you experienced a broadcast exactly when and how millions of others did: you did it at home, with friends or family, in front of a stationary machine in a dedicated room, preferably with snack chips; TV broadcasts have become raw material to be organized and edited in a collective online canon for you to view online whenever and wherever(3) five to seven minutes seem to be the sweet spot for a webisode, if a video doesnt grab him immediately, he kills it; if a show does engage him, the connection is deeper because he will focus on it physically and mentally(4) finding a show online is more like rummaging through a new and used bookstore; like reading, viewing online TV is solitary because you dont gather the family around you; when viewing online TV, you hold a screen in your hand, balance a laptop or sit at a desk. Like holding a book while reading, theres a small but constant effort, the tiniest bit of physical feedback(5) the differences between big screen and tiny screen; whether the story shown on the screen can be good enough to touch his emotion and to linger and replay inside his head2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) piracy(2) budget(3) whir(4) animation(5) stationary(6) tactile(7) faucet(8) lush(9) rummage(10) premiereb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) B3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) where(2) with(3) multitude(4) promote(5) possible (6) without(7) become(8) notorious(9) Only(10) consisted(11) primarily(12) multiple(13) increasingly(14) focus(15) dominated(16) as(17) controversial(18) While(19) influence(20) perspectives4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the followi