商法专有名词中英文对照.docx

商法专有名词中英文对照中英文词汇对照之 Part A Common law and equity Statute law Criminal law and civil law Appeal Majistrate court County court Crown court High court Court of appeal House of lord Indictable offence Summary offence Queens bench division Chancery division Family division Small claim track Fast claim track Multi track arbitration Human right precedent Binding precedent=stare decisis Ratio decidendi Obiter dicta Legislation=statute law parliament Delegated legislation Orders in council 普通法与衡平法 成文法 刑法与民法 上诉 治安法院 郡法院 刑事法院 高等法院 上诉法院 上议院 可起诉的犯罪 简易程序罪行 王座法庭 大法官法庭 家事法庭 小额索赔轨道 快速索赔轨道 多重索赔轨道 仲裁 人权法 先例 先例约束 判决理由 附告意见 法律、成文法 议会 授权立法 委员会命令 Statutory instrument Bye-laws Statutory interpretation The literal rule The golden rule The mischief rule 制定法文件 地方法规 制定法解释 字面解释规则 黄金规则 按目的解释规则 Part B contract Offer Acceptance consideration intention capacity Invitation to treat Termination of offers Counter-offer Revocation of an offer Unilateral contract Collateral contract Executed consideration Executory consideration Past consideration Consideration must be sufficient but may not be adequate Performance of exsiting duties Promissory estoppel Domestic agreement Commercial agreement Privity of contract Contract terms 合同 要约 承诺 对价 意图 合同能力 要约邀请 要约的终止 反要约 撤销要约 单边合同 附属合同 已履行的对价 待履行的对价 过去的对价 对价必须充分，但不必充足 履行既存义务 允诺禁反言原则 家庭协议 商业协议 合同的相对性 合同条款 Express terms Implied terms Conditions Warranties Innominate term Exclusion clause 明示条款 暗示条款 条件条款 保证条款 中间条款 免责条款 Has the exclusion clause been incorporated into the contract 免责条款已并入合同了吗 Signature Notice Consistent dealing 签字 注意 系列交易 如果免责条款存在任何含Any uncertainty or ambiguity in the exclusion clause must be 糊不清之处，法院将作出不interpreted against the person seeking to rely on it 利于提出免责条款当事人的解释 Discharge of contract Breach of contract Repudiatory breach Anticipatory breach Remedies for breach of contract Damages Remoteness of damages Measure of damages Liquidated damages penalties Specific performance injunction rescission Tort The tort of negligence Duty of care Contributory negligence 解除合同 合同违约 能够断绝合同关系的违约 预期违约 违约行为的补救 损害赔偿 间接损失陪偿 直接损失陪偿 实际损失 惩罚 特定履行 禁令 废除、取消 侵权 过失侵权 审慎义务 共同侵权 Volentiacceptence non fit injuria=voluntary acceptance of 自愿接受风险 risks Part C indemnify Dismissal redundancy Notice Wrongful dismissal Unfair dismissal Constructive dismissal Re-instatement Re-engagement compensation 补偿 解雇 冗员 通知 非法解雇 不公平解雇 推定解雇 复职 再就业 补偿 Part D Agency Ractification Agency by estoppel Actual authority Apparent/ostensible Warrant of authority Partnership Severally and jointly liable Limited partnership LLP Legal identity Legal personality Limited liability Unlimited company Limited company Limited by share 代理 追认 不容否认代理 实际授权 推定代理 代理权保证 合伙 个别及连带责任 有限合伙企业 有限责任合伙企业 法律身份 法律人格 有限责任 无限责任公司 有限责任公司 依股票成立有限公司 Limited by guarantee Private companies Public limited companies Registration Certificate of registration Trading certificate Lifting the veil of incorporation Quoted/listed company Parent company Subsidiary company Promoter Registrar of company Memorandum of association Articles of association Statement of compliance Constitution of company Company “off the shelf” Bona fide Ultra vire Passing-off action Capital 依保证成立有限公司 私人公司 公众有限责任公司 登记 登记的资格证书 交易证书 揭开公司面纱 上市公司 母公司 子公司 发起人 公司登记机关 公司的基本章程 公司的附属章程 法定声明 公司宪章 现成的公司 真实的，有诚意的 超越权限 假冒、冒名 资本 Part E Share capital Nominal value Ordinary share Preference share Redeemable share Authorised share capital 股本 名义价值 普通股 优先股 可赎回股 法定资本 Called-up capital Paid-up capital 催缴股本 实缴股本 集体权利是依附于特定类型的股份的权利 少数股东 集体权利的变更 股份分配 股份发行 优先认购权 发行红股/股票股利 认股权发行/配股 借贷资本 债券 抵押 固定抵押 浮动抵押 浮动抵押的明确化 资本保全 偿付能力 溢价发行股票 折价发行股票 承销费用 严格的 派发股息 累计已变现利润 累计已变现损失 不可分配准备 Class rights are rights attached to particular types of shares minority Variation of class rights Allotment of shares Issue of shares Pre-emption right Bonus issue Rights issue Loan capital Debentures Charges Fixed charge Floating charge Crystallization of a floating charge Capital maintenance Solvency Issue shares at a premium Issue shares at a discount Underwriting fees Stringent Distribute dividend Accumulated realized profit Accumulated realized profit Undistributable reserves Part F Director Board of director 董事 董事会 Shadow director Executive director Non-executive director Managing director Board of directors Remuneration of directors Vacation of office Disqualification of director Fiduciary duty Conflict of interest Fraudulent trading Wrongful trading Eligibility as auditor Annual general meeting Extraordinary general meeting resolution Ordinary resolution Special resolution Written resolution Notice Special notice The chairman Quorum vote proxies Minutes 影子董事 执行董事 非执行董事 常务董事 董事会 董事的薪酬 (董事的)离职 取消董事资格 受托责任 利益冲突 欺诈性交易 不法交易 审计人员的任职资格 年度全体会议 临时全体会议 决议 普通决议 特别决议 书面决议 通知 特别通知 会议主席 法定人数 表决 表决代理人 会议记录 Part G insolvency liquidation 破产 清算 Winding up A members voluntary winding up Creditors voluntary winding up Compulsory liquidation liquidator administration 清算 股东的自愿清算 债权人的自愿清算 强制清算 清算人 财产管理 Part H Corporate governance stakeholder Financial statement Voluntary codes of corporate governance Unitary board of director Supervisory board Transparency Insider dealing Insider information Money laundering Fraudulent trading Wrongful trading 公司治理 利益相关人 财务报表 公司治理的自愿守则 单一董事会 监事会 透明性 内幕交易 内幕信息 洗钱 欺诈性交易 不法交易