可数名词和不可数名词.docx

可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词。 T: 对，可数名词又可以分为两类：单数和复数名词。 1可数名词。举例：apple,orange,desk,chair,book等。 2不可数名词。比如：water, milk, bread, news等。不可数名词一般没有复数形式。表示其数量时要用计量名词。比如a glass of water，一杯水，a piece of news一则新闻。 3有时既可当可数名词又可当不可数名词。如：ice cream, salad,chicken. T: 好的，接下来我们来看可数名词的复数形式。 可数名词由单数变为复数有五种情况： 1 词尾加s，如apples,oranges. 2以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的加es, 如bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes, tomato-tomatoes. 但有些例外。如：radios, photos, zoos. 3以y结尾的，去y加ies. 如story-stories. 4以f或fe结尾的，去f或fe加ves. 如knife-knives. 5不规则变化：如child-children, man-men, tooth-teeth. T: 关于名词的复数形式，清楚了吗？ Ss: 清楚。 T: 好，接着我们再看看动词变化。 1 陈述句中，主语如果是第三人称单数，谓语动词加S 如：He likes hamburgers. He has chicken for dinner. (have-has) 2 否定句中，主语如果是第三人称单数，用doesnt.主语如果是非第三人称单数，用dont. doesnt和dont后面动词变原形。 如：I dont like hamburgers He dosent like ice cream. 3 一般疑问句中，主语如果是第三人称单数，用doesnt开头提问，主语如果是非第三人称单数，用dont开头提问，后面动词变原形。 如：Does he like pears? Do they like Salad? T: OK.These are the main grammar points of unit six.Do you have any questions? Ss: No. Finish off Self-Check. Do a short test about the grammer above. Homework 1. Make a survey and write a report.(抽样调查现在中学生的早餐状况并提出合理化的建议) Do you like bananas? 你喜欢香蕉吗？ Yes, I do. / No, I dont.是的，我喜欢。/不，我不喜欢。 Do you like? 是一个一般疑问句，它表示询问对方是否喜欢某物。句中 do的是助动词，没有意义。回答时，肯定回答用do，否定回答用dont。 如果主语是第三人称单数形式，助动词用does，其句型为： -Does he /she like? -Yes, he/she does. / No, he/she doesnt. 例：Does he like strawberries? 他喜欢草莓吗？ Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的，他喜欢。/不,他不喜欢。 2I like bananas.我喜欢香蕉。 like表示“喜欢”，是动词。如果主语是第三人称单数，后要加“s”。例如：He likes apples. 他喜欢苹果。 否定形式要在like前加dont或在likes前加doesnt，同时把likes改为like。例如： I dont like bananas. 我不喜欢香蕉。 He doesnt like apples.他不喜欢苹果。 3. 可数名词与不可数名词. (1)英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词. 可数名词:可以计数的名词称为可数名词.一般有单数与复数两种形式,前面可加a,an或数词来修饰. 不可数名词:不可计数的名词称为不可数名词.没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词.但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量,如: a glass of water, two cups of tea. (2)本单元出现的食品单词 orange意思是 “橘子”时,是可数名词.意思为 “橘子汁”时,是不可数名词.作为形容词意思是 “橘黄色” chicken意思是 “小鸡”时,是可数名词.意思是 “鸡肉”时,是不可数名词. 4. some , many , lots of , a lot of 的区别 (1) some 意思是 “一些”,可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词.如 some friends 一些朋友, some water 一些水 (2) many 修饰可数名词,意思是 “许多”.不可数名词要用 much修饰. 例如: many bananas 许多香蕉,much milk许多牛奶 (3) lots of = a lot of都是 “很多,许多”的意思,既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词.(一般用于肯定句中) She has a lot of books. 她有很多书.(可数名词) They have lots of food. 他们有很多食物.(不可数名词) 5. And for dinner, she has chicken, tomatoes, French fries and for dessert, ice cream.晚饭,她吃鸡肉,西红柿和薯条.饭后的甜食她喜欢冰淇淋. have /has也 可以表示 “吃”或 “喝”. 英语中人们习惯用have来表示吃早,中,晚饭.而不用eat来表示,且三餐前不加定冠词the.如: Lets have lunch.我们吃午饭吧. Lets have some salad.让我们吃些沙拉吧. 6. run跑,奔跑(动词) runner 奔跑的人,跑步的人(名词) 动词加后缀-er可构成.如: work (工作)- worker(工人) sing(唱歌)- singer(歌手) teach (教)- teacher(教师) 三.典例精析 1. She _like ice cream. A. isnt B. / C. dont D. doesnt 解析:如果该句是肯定句,因主语是第三人称单数,like后要加了B,如果是否定句,like前加助动词doesnt,因此选D 2. Henry has _ English book. “s”,因此排除A. a B. an C. some D. lots of 解析:首先book是可数名词,而且是单数形式,所以前面要用a或者an,而English第一个音素是元音.所以选B 3. Does Tom like carrots? -_。 A. Yes, he does. B. Yes, he likes. C. No, he does. D. No, he doesnt like. 解析:一般现在时态Does Tom like?的肯定回答是Yes, he does.否定回答是No, he doesnt.因此选A. 四,视野拓展 常用饮料名称 啤酒 beer 生啤酒 draught 黑啤酒dark beer 汽水 soda water 矿泉水mineral water 柠檬水lemonade 葡萄酒wine 速溶咖啡in stant coffee 香槟酒 champagne 雪利酒 sherry 红茶 black tea 绿茶green tea 威士忌whisky 白兰地 brandy 鸡尾酒cocktail 一 单词拼写 1 There are some _. 2 He _TV at home. 3 _your mother _carrots? 4 Lucy eats lots of _food every day. 5 I have rice and _for lunch. 6 At 6:00 PM. We have _. 7 How _apples do you have? 8 Liu Xiang is a _ _. 二单项选择 ( )1Tom likes eggs ,oranges and bananas _ breakfast. A. in B. of C. for D. on ( )2. There are _ fruit on the table. A. lots of B. lot of C. a lot D. lots for ( )3. For _ lunch , she has some hamburgers. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( )4. Bill likes bananas, he likes _, too. A. strawberry B. strawberries C. strawberrys D. strawberres ( )5. This is my sister , _name is lily. A. she B. she is C. Her D. her ( )6. There _ three students and a teacher in the classroom. A. are B. is C. be D. am ( )7. I _ a book in my backpack. A. there are B. have C. there is D. has ( )8. He is _ student _Class 4. A. the , in B. a , of C. a , in D. an , on ( )9. That is _ room. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucys D. Lilys and Lucy ( )10. -Do you know the girl in the hat? -_. A. Yes, I am. B. Yes , she is. C. Yes, I know. D. Yes , I do. ( )11. There _some money in the bag. A. are B. is C. has D. have ( )12. Does your sister _ ice cream? A. has B. have C. is there D. there are ( )13.Lets _. A. go home B. to go to home C. go to home D. to go home ( )14. _ like French fries. A. He and I B. I and he C. He and me D. I and him ( )15. The boy _ hamburgers very much. So he eats a lot. A. like B. likes C. dont like D. doesnt like 三按要求改写句子。 1Li and Wang like French fries. They _ _ French fries. 2 Does Tom like eggs for breakfast? _ , _. 3 She doesnt have lunch. She _ lunch. 4The photos are in the drawer. _ _ the photos? 5 There is a banana in the picture. There _ _ in the picture. 四，完形填空 A: Excuse _, whats _, please? B: My name is Tom, Im _. A: Tom , _ you like Chinese food? B: Yes, I _. I like dumplings(饺子). Do you _dumplings now? A: _, I dont. Lets go and _my mother make (做) dumplings _ us(我们). B: That sounds _ , Lets go . ( ) 1. A. me B. I C. my D. mine ( ) 2. A. your name B. this C. that D.these ( )3. A. a English B. an English C. English D. the English ( )4. A. Are B. Does C. Do D. Is ( )5. A. Are B. Does C. Do D. Is ( )6. A. have B. like C. has D. likes ( )7. A. Yes B. Sorry C. OK D. / ( )8. A. let B. lets C. let us D. let them ( )9. A. to B. for C. in D. on ( )10. A. boring B. difficult C. relaxing D. interesting 五阅读理解 A English breakfast is a very big meal-eggs , tomatoes , tea ,coffee For many people lunch is a quick(快的) meal. In cities there are a lot of sandwich(三明治) bars(快餐店). People can buy sandwiches there. Students can have a hot meal at school, but many just take a sandwich, a drink and some fruit from home. “Tea” means two things . It is a drink and a meal! Some people have afternoon tea, with sandwiches, cakes and a cup of tea. They usually have supper quite early(早的) ,between 6:00 and 8:00 ,and often all the family eats together(一起). People often get takeaway meals-they buy the food outside and then bring it home to eat. ( )1. Many people in English have a _ breakfast and a _ lunch. A. quick; small B. little; big C. big ; quick D. slow; big ( )2. Students usually have lunch_. A. at home B. at school C. outside D. in the restaurant ( )3.What dont they have when they have afternoon tea? A. Sandwiches B. Chicken C. Cakes D. A cup of tea. ( )4.How long do they have the evening meal? A. Six or eight hours. B. About two hours C. Half an hours D. We dont know. ( )5.When they get a takeaway meal .They eat it _. A. at home B. in the school C. outside D. in the bars B Li Shan is a girl . She has a photo . Look at it . There are her grandparents. These are her father and mother .They like to eat different(不同的) food. Li Shan likes rice(米饭) a lot. She likes to eat rice for every meal(餐). She doesnt like hamburgers . She has seven pingpong balls. She doesnt play pingpong. She only watches it on TV. ( )1. How many people(多少人) are there in Li Shans family? A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six ( )2. What does Li Shan like to eat? A. Hamburgers B. Chips C. Tomatoes D. Rice ( )3. How does she like rice? A. For breakfast B. For lunch C. For dinner D. For every meal 4. How many(多少) pingpong balls does she have? A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 5. Does she play pingpong? A. Yes, she does. B. No, she doesnt. C. Yes , she is . D. No, she isnt. 六任务型阅读 根据短文，完成表格。 My friend Helen likes hamburgers for breakfast. Her brother Victor likes eggs and bananas for breakfast. For lunch, Helen likes salad and French fries. Victor likes hamburgers. For supper, Helen likes chicken and tomatoes. Victor likes salad and cakes. Helen Victor 听力材料 一Listen and choose 1. W: Do you like oranges? M: No. I like apples. 2. W: Wheres you dog ,Kate? M: Look, its on the chair. 3. W: Do you have any eggs for lunch? M: No. I like a hamburger for it. 4. W: Is janes mother a doctor? M: No. She is a teacher. 5. W: I dont know Mr Greens phone number. M: Its 5902798. 二 breakfast lunch supper 1Which do you like better, coffee or orange juice? 2. Five bottles of orange juice ,please. 3. Do you like vegetables? 4. What do you want to drink? 5. Would you like some fruits? 三 A: -Tom, what do you eat for breakfast? - I eat some eggs and oranges. -Do you eat some hamburgers? -No, I dont. I eat them for lunch. -Do you like KFC? -Yes, very much. I eat it for dinner. B: A: Good morning, Sir! Can I help you? B: Yes, please. I want a hamburger. A: Anything to drink? B: A glass of milk. Peter, what would you like? C: Im not hungry. Just a glass of orange juice, please. 单元自测答案 听力部分 一BABAA 二. BDCCB 三(A): AC (B): CBB 笔试部分 一1.tomatoes 2. watches 3. Does , like 4. healthy 5. broccoli 6. dinner 7. many 8. running , star 二。 1-5 CADBD 6-10 ABCBD 11-15 ABAAB 三. 1. dont like 2. No, he doesnt. 3. has 4. Where are 5. are bananas 四. 15 AACCC 610 ABABD 五. (A) CBBBA (B) CDDBB 六. Helen Victor 陈述句变一般疑问句 在句型转换中陈述句变一般疑问句是常见的题型之一，这一节我们一起来讨论如何将陈述句改为一般疑问句。在进入主话题之前请同学们回想一下我们学过了哪些时态？ breakfast hamburgers lunch salad and French fries eggs and bananas hamburgers supper chicken and tomatoes salad and cakes Ss：一般现时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时 T：对！这是我们必须掌握的五种时态，实际上，我们还学过过去进行时，过去将来时和过去完成时，只是这三种时态在初中阶段我们只须了解即可。我们今天要讨论的陈述句变一般疑问句主要围绕这些时态的句子进行。首先我们看一下一般现在时。谁来说一下该类句子谓语动词的特点？ S1：含be动词am ，is，are。 S2：含情态动词can，may，must，need等。 S3：含实义动词，如果句子主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要像名词变复数一样在词尾加-s，-es。 T：Very good那如果将含有这些动词的句子变为一般疑问句又该如何？ S1：将be动词提前。 S2：将情态动词提前。 T：那如果是实义动词呢？ S3：借助于助动词do或does，如果句子的主语是第三人称单数我们用does，此时原句里的第三人称单数的动词要还原。 T：对了，这一点是同学们最容易忽略的地方，下面两个句子请同学们在变化时留点神。 We usually do our homework after school Helen often does her housework after office S4：句中的do，does是实义动词而不是助动词，在变化后句中还得保留do。 T：Quite right同学们掌握得相当不错，下面我们要谈论的基本上以此为基础，只是对不同的时态有一点点小的变化而已。 S5：将来时将will或shall直接提前。 S6：进行时更简单，be提前。 S7：完成时因have has或had是助动词，同样要把它前提。 T：一般过去时呢？ S8：借助于did呀，同样要注意将原句中的动词过去式还原。 T：看来同学们对陈述句变一般疑问句显得相当容易，这只是从方法形式上来讲，但在实际改写过程中大家往往因不注意一些小的问题而“痛失分数”。请大家在做此类转换时始终要把“改”字放心间。 Ss：改？ T：对了，改大小写，改标点符号，改 Ss：改人称，改词语。 T：哪些词在变化中要改？ S9：改any。 S10：含some的合成词。 S11：already改为yet。 S12：老师，我们讨论了这么多，你能像以前一样给我们编个顺口溜吗？ T：好啊。请听好： 陈述变疑问，两种形式要分清。 Be、助、情，要提前， 行为实义三D帮， 一提二帮三改变， 变化多端好轻松。 练习：根据所给句子，填入所缺单词完成下列一般疑问句。 1We had some work to do last Sunday _ _ _ _ work to do last Sunday？ 2I have already finished my homework _ _ finished _ homework _ ？ 3Lily has some red and blue pencils _ Lily _ _ red and blue pencils？ 4Jack often does some sports after class in the afternoon _ Jack often_any sports after class in the afternoon？ 5We'll have to have an English test this morning _ you_ have an English test this morning？ 6Betty has her lunch at school every day _ Betty_ her lunch at school every day？ 7Jim always does his lessons in the evening _ Jim always_ his lessons in the evening？ 8The machine helps them to put rice in bags _ the machine_them to put rice in bags？ 9My father went to bed at eleven last night _ your father_ to bed at eleven last night？ 10He set the alarm clock for seven _ he_ the alarm clock for seven？ 11We are going to learn French next year _ you_ to learn French next year？ 12MrHu taught her maths last year _ MrHu_her maths last year？ 13Mike plays computer games every day _Mike_ computer games every day？ 14She has dinner with her grandparents once a week _ she_ dinner with her grandparents once a week？ Key: 1Did you have any 2Have you；your；yet 3Does； have any 4Does；do 5Will；have to 6Does；have 7Does；do 8Does；help 9Did；go 10Did；set11Are；going 12Did；teach 13Does；play 14Does；have