初中形容词 知识点总结.docx

初中形容词 知识点总结I.限定用法 a.形容词(一个字)+名词 1. The old man lived in a small village. 2. His elder brother is a famous musician. b.名词+形容词(thing, body, one等,两个字或以上的形容词片语和子句) 1. I want to drink something cold. 2. Is there anything interesting in todays paper? 3. I dont like riding on trains full of people. ride on train搭乘火车 4. He tried to climb a fence two meters high. 5. He is a boy (who is) five years old. He is a five-year-old boy. 2. 叙述用法 a. 主词补语 1. Sea water tastes salty. 2. The rainbow is very beautiful. b. 受词补语 1. Youll find the book difficult. 2. I left the windows open. 使开着(adj.) I let the windows be opened. 使被打开(v.) 重点 a. 只能用限定用法的形容词(定语形容词) only inner 里面的 mere 只 Live/living main daily wooden lone 孤单的,古语 upper上面的 1. This is a wooden b. 只能用叙述用法(表语形容词) alive asleep alone awake afraid well 1. Im afraid of dog. 2. The baby is still asleep. 3. Are you aware of your mistakes? 限定用法和叙述用法意思不同的形容词 1. I met a certain lady. 某一个 It is quite certain. 确定 2. He is my present assistant. 目前 He is present today. 出席 absent缺席 3. The late Mr. Smith was an able man. 已故 He was late for the meeting. 迟到 4. She gave me a fond look. 温柔的 I am very fond of ice cream. 喜欢 house. 2. He is a mere child. 他不过是孩子 content glad aware 3. 形容词的位置： 1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置： 1 2 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成nobody absent, everything possible 的复合不定代词时 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible the only person awake a bridge 50 meters long a huge room simple and beautiful a man difficult to get on with 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 5 成对的形容词可以后置 6 形容词短语一般后置 2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序： 代词 冠词前的形容词 数词 性状形容词 冠词 指示代词 序数不定代词 词 代词所有格 the a this another your 基数词 性质 状态 大小 长短 形状 新旧 温度 颜色 国籍 产地 材料 质地 名词 all both such second one next four beautiful large good short poor square new black Chinese silk cool yellow London stone 3) 复合形容词的构成： 1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 6 名词+形容词 7 名词+现在分词 8 名词+过去分词 9 数词+名词+ed 10 数词+名词 world-famous peace-loving snow-covered three-egged twenty-year 3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 4 副词+现在分词 5 副词+过去分词 hard-working newly-built 复合形容词有下列五类 1. 形容词-连缀动词的现在分词 agood-looking man 形容词-及物动词的过去分词 awhite-painted wall 2. 名词-现在分词 (主动) apeace-loving people 名词-过去分词 (被动) ahand-made cake 3. 副词-现在分词 (主动) arapidly-moving tornado 副词-过去分词 (被动) awell-behaved boy behavevt. 后接修饰词语使(自己)表现得，使(自己)举止 例句: he behaves himself well. 4. 名词-名词ed a baby-faced girl 形容词-名词ed aopen-minded leader 5. 数词-名词ed atwo-headed monster a three-legged table asecond-hand car. three-minute first-class 一流的 three-year- old ten-meter-long 4.特别注意的形容词用法 a. 不能以人为主词的形容词 dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, useful, useless, tough, convenient, important, necessary, regrettable遗憾的, natural, possible 貌似这些形容词都是人做某事才能体现 只能用It be 形容词 for人 toV 1. It is necessary for you to see a doctor. 2. Is it possible for you to attend the meeting? b. 以人为主词的形容词都是与情绪有关的形容词 angry, ashamed, delighted, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, proud, sorry, thankful 1. We were excited about the baseball game. The game was exciting for us. c. The+形容词 1. The rich are not always happy. 2. We search for the true, the good, and the beautiful. d. 形容词的副词用法 1. It is burning hot. 天气热的厉害 2. It is freezing cold. 3. They were dead asleep. 睡得很熟 5.数量形容词 a. many/much 1. do you have many books in your study? 2. Theyve spent much money on adverting. 否定句中的not many/much 可译成不太多 1. This garden doesnt have many trees. 2. My son hasnt made much money. 口语中,可用a lot of, lots of, plenty of+可数/不可数代替many/much 1. There were a lot of/lots of/plenty of people in the shop. 2. She ate a lot of/lots of/plenty of ice cream. A large number of=large numbers of number中文有数数的意思,故后接可数名词 A large amount of=large amount of amount指量,故后接不可数名词 b. a few/few a few=some few=not many(几乎没有) 表否定,不可和not同时出现 1. There are a few vegetables in the refrigerator. 2. Few people were injured in the accident. 几乎没有 c. a little/little a little=some little=not much几乎没有 1. I have a little money with me. 2. We need little butter to make this cake. 3. The little of his work that remains should be done within a today. 口语中,可用not many/hardly any代替few 可用not much/hardly any代替little 1. There were not many/hardly any people in the park. 2. There is not much/hardly anydanger of an earthquake. d. some/any some的用法 1. 肯定句 Some students take lessons in Spanish. 语言前用in 2. 表示邀请的疑问句 Wont you have some more tea? Any的用法 1. 用于疑问句和否定句 -Do you have any question? -Yes, I have some questions. -No, I dont have any questions. 2. 用于表示任何(皆可)之意的肯定句 You may come any time. 3. 用于条件句(if子句) Ask him if you have any doubt.