初中单词各种形式的转换.docx

初中单词各种形式的转换名词复数的规则变化 1. 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 例：friend friends cat cats sport sports style styles piecepieces 2. 凡是以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 例：bus buses fox foxes match matches flash flashes 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 city cities country countries factory factories 4. 以f、fe结尾的，把f、fe变为v，再加es， 如：half halves knife knives leaf leaves wolf wolves wife wives life lives thief thieves； 5. 以o结尾的名词，变复数时：可以简单地记成有生活的要加es。 加es，如：potato potatoes tomato tomatoes hero heroes 加e，如：photo photos piano pianos radio radios zoo zoos； 动词第三人称单数的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting take-taking 3双写最后一个字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping swim-swimming 4 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing，如：die-dying, lie-lying 动词过去式变化规则 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是不发音的字母e，加d，如：taste-tasted 3双写最后一个字母再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 形容词比较级的构成 1. 直接在单词末尾加-er，如old-older, young-younger; 2. 以e结尾只加-r，如nice-nicer; 3. 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er， 如big-bigger, thin-thinner; 4. 以辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i，再加-er，如heavy-heavier; 5. 其它不规则变化，如：goodbetter 数词的变换 基数词 序数词 表次数 1. one first once 2. two second twice 3. three third three times 4. five fifth four times 5. eight eighth 6. nine ninth 7. twelve twelfth 8. twenty twentieth 国家变为形容词或国人的转换 Australia-Australian Europe-European Africa-African France- French/ Frenchman America-American India- Indian Asia-Asian Italy- Italian Canada-Canadian Japan- Janese China- Chinese Mexico- Mexican England- English/ Englishman Russia- Russian (复数变化规则：中日不变，英法变，其余加s ) 动词名词 表示人 -er:beginner,builder, buyer, cleaner, dancer, driver, farmer, keeper, killer, listening, owner, player, printer, runner, swimmer, speaker, seller, teacher, traveller, winner, worker, writer -or: actor, creator, inventor, operator,sailor, visitor 动词过去分词为形容词： break-broken, close-closed, lose-lost , marry- married, worry- worried 动词现在分词和过去分词为形容词： excite-exciting-excited bore -boringbored interest-interesting-intested relax-relaxingrelaxed surprise-surprisingsurpried move movingmoved tire-tiringtired 名词转换成形容词 beauty-beautiful funfunny colour-colourful health-healthy-unhealthy-healthily difference -different importance-important danger-dangerous luck - lucky luckily-unlucky energy - energetic history - historic/historicafriend-friendlyunfriendly-friendship tradition-traditional-traditionally person - -personal-(名词) personality个性 nationnationalinternational nature natural physics-physical week weekly gold -golden wood-wooden month -monthly salt salty 有关天气的词 cloud-cloudy, rain rainy, sunsunny, snow snowy, windwindy, storm - stormy 有关方位的词: easteastern, west western, south southern, northnorthern 名词转换成名词art-artist, music-musician, science-scientist, tour-tourist, piano-pianist, library - librarian 形容词转换成名词 happy -happiness-(副词) happily-(反义词)unhappy foreign - foreigner busybusiness, freefreedom, ill illness, safe-safety-(副词) safely sad sadnesssadly strange stranger true - truth (副词)truly kind kindness 否定前缀 dis-:dislike, disagree, dishonest, disappear, disadvantage im-:impossible,impolite,impersonal, imperfect in- : informal, incorrect un- : unusual , unhappy, unfriend, uncomfortable, unhealthy, unlucky, unlikely, uncertain ir-: irregular 否定后缀：-less useless, careless, helpless,hopeless, homeless, countless