全新大学英语第二综合教程4课后答案全.docx

全新大学英语第二综合教程4课后答案全Unit 1 Text Organization P11 ": . Paragraphs' . - Part One Paras 1-2 ' Main Ideas Introduction Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter. Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union ConclusionThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Part Two Paras 3-11 Part Paras 12-20 Three Part Four Para 21 2 . Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas Section One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Section Paras 19-20 Stalingrad the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome 33TTThreeThOf the war P14 Vocabulary I.1.1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations 4) limp 6) regions 8) siege of the war 2) at the cost of 9) raw 10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of P15 2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through P16 3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future. 2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike. 3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career. 4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard. 5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obsolete. 4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases. 2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization. 3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks. P17 II. More Synonyms in Context 1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium. 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. 3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words. 4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather. P18 III. Usage 1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health. 2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeksand nobody knew anything about it. 3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work 4)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warmyou could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep. 5)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early. 6)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. P19 Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign 9. reckon with 10.bringto a halt2. stand in the way 4. catching. off his guard 6. declaration 8. drag on 10. bringing.to a P19- (B) 1. allow 3. highly 5. rapidly 7. delivery 9. observing 2. reckoned 4. forecasts 6. instant 8. advantage 10. Powerful P20 II. Translation 1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm. 2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons. 3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate. 4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment. 5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Luckly enough,thanks to the severe cold weather which made the marsh froze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered. Part III TextB .- Comprehension Check 1. d 3. b 2. d 4. Translation (#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 1. boast 3. was concerned 5. paid off 7. are contesting 9. holdout 11. responsible for 13. favorable 15. on the eve of 17. complications 19. withstand 2. obstacles 4. call .off 6. was pinned 8. down prior to 10. objective 12. in case 14. due to 16. cancel 18. stiff 20. absent Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Writing Strategy Tick which of the following is more convincing: _ It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy. _ _ Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote: ". He sat there . tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go." P28 Model Paper Can Man Triumph over Nature? When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power. Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of - disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come. However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it. (154 words) Unit 2 Text org. Ex. 2 On P38 1. Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act; 2. They can eliminate most of car accidents 3. They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen 4. They can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby; 5. They can alert the driver who feels drowsy; 6. They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams. Language Sense Enhancement on P 38-39 1) cure 2) impact 3) orbiting 5) location 6) At any given time 4) warn of 7)vibrate 8) detected 9) calculate 10) converted I. Vocabulary: Ex.1 on P41-42 1.expansion 2. automated 3. vapor 4. take control of 5. hazards 6. satellite 7.vibrated 8.magnetic 9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got/was stuck in 12.approximately Vocabulary: Ex.2 on P42 1. send out 2. stand up for 3. pass for 5. starting up 8. fall into 4. were closing in on 6. went through 7. fill out Vocabulary: Ex.3 on P43 1) incorporates all the latest safety features. 2) two trees ten feet apart. 3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm. 4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars. 5) are correlated in all racial groups. Vocabulary: Ex.4 on P43 1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to 2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency 3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard II. Word Formation on P45 Kilogram Memorandum Gymnasium Liberation Doctor Medical care Electronic mail Communications satellite News broadcast Sky hijack European dollar Breakfast and lunch Veterinarian Preparatory Automobile influenza Television broadcast Oxford and Cambridge - III. Usage on P45-46 1) swimming pool 2 ) drawing board 3 ) enriched Middle English 4 ) disturbing change 5 ) fully developed prototype 6 ) Canned foods 7 ) working population 8 ) puzzling differences Comprehensive Exs.: I. cloze 1. Text-related on P46 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor 2. Theme-related on P47 1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities II. Translation Ex. 1 on P47-48 1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance. 2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems. 3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures. 4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently. 5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach. Translation : Ex. 2 on P48 Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams. UNIT3 Language Sense Enhancement on P72 1) checked with 2) interview 3) grill 4) clippings 5) be right for 6) follow up 7) indicating 8）hand-delivered 9) prepared 10) prospective Language focus Voc. Ex. 1 on P75 1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner Voc. Ex. 2&3 on P76 §Ex. 2. 1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up §Ex. 3. 1) grilled her about where she had been all night 2) beyond Cinderellas wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the Kings palace 3) will be in readers' hands soon 4) do your homework before going on an interview. 5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars. §Voc . Ex. 4 on P77 1）applicants, veteran, the prospective 2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter 3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely II. Words with Multiple Meanings on P 78 1. Behave 2. used to avoid repetition 3. clean 4. get along 5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete 7. Study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable iii. Usage on P79-80 1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin.OK,Ill talk about myself first. 2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. Bythe way, I have something here for you. 3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why is this an advantage? 4. Im going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai. 5. OK, you got the job.Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible? 6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive Exercises Cloze §1. Text-related on P80 (1) Prospective (2)As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand (5) Endeavor (6) structure (7) Partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up §2. Theme-related on P81 (1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples (5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously (9) probably (10) exhibit Translation on P81-82 1) Despite theinadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, theveteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while. 2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries. 3) We have the technology and ourpartner has the capital.Working together, well have the future in our hands. 4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. Yousee, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack. 5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area. Translation 2. on P82 Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment.From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible dont have much of a chance of success. Part III Home Reading Task §Comprehension Check on P87 1.b 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.a 6.b §Translation on P87 1.父母亲都觉得我不会被录用。“你要有后台才行。那可是一家美国机构，洛克菲勒基金会。你一定要有后台。” 2.当然，不工作就没饭吃，除非嫁人，那叫做“终于有了归宿。” 3.她留着新式的发型，是我所喜欢的那种满头卷发竖立着的式样，穿着下摆印有花纹的裙子。由于她怀孕已快足月，所以她向我走过来时似乎是她的肚子最先到达我的面前。 4.我跟哈内德先生说了，你刚才是因害羞不安而没法做记录的。他挺不错的，只要慢慢习惯起来就行了 Language Practice §Ex. 1. on P88 1) g 2)f 3) a 4) e 5) h 6) b 7) c 8) d §Ex. 2. on P88-89 1) intricate 2) came at 3) administration 4) benign 5) get in 6) scraps 7) b