人教英语必修五第五单元知识点.docx

人教英语必修五第五单元知识点U5(BX5) First aid Language points 1 Aid (v)帮助; 援助=help sb 帮助某人去做. aid sb to do 在事帮助某人 aid sb in He aided me in business. I aided her to continue her study. At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor. n /U/帮助; 援助 在某人的帮助下with the aid of 为了帮助 in aid of Teachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He raised money in aid of the sick. 知识拓展： give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.'s aid 帮助某人 cut off aid 终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器 teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护 2. temporary 暂时的，临时的 temporary relief from pain短暂的解痛 temporary work/ solution临时工作/解决办法 3. fall ill fall+ adj. ill asleep awake sick silent His wife suddenly _ _ last week. She has _ _ for a week. fell ill been ill 4 get+过去分词 表被动或状态 The computer got damaged when we were moving. My bike is getting repaired now. My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. Peter and Mary got married last year. get done get injured受伤 get dressed穿衣服 get damaged遭到破坏 get changed 改变 get married结婚 get infected被感染 get broken被弄破 get lost迷失，走失 5 injure v. _ n. _ adj. injury to sth. 的伤 He got _ at work. 他干活时腿受了重伤。(injury) He _ in the accident. 他在意外事故中受了伤。(injure) injuries to the legs got injured injury injured hurt肉体，精神上的伤害，疼痛 injure意外或事故而受伤 wound指外伤 wounded injured hurt hurt injured He got _ in the fighting. He was badly _ in a car accident. Her words _ me deeply. I _ my back when I fell. My feet _ . 6. bleed-blood-bloody (v.) (n.) (adj.) His nose was bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose. 他在流鼻血。 bleed for为而流血, 悲痛 bleed to death出血过多而死 lose blood流血、失血 flesh and blood血肉之躯 7. choke vi. & vt. 窒息; 阻塞 She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。 The smoke almost choked me. 烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。 At the bad news, he couldn't choke back his tear听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。 The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。 8.essential adj. 最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的 1)Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops.阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。 2)It is essential for us to set our study goal.我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。 3)It is essential that you (should) win the voter's hearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。 -当用it充当主语而用它充当表语时，that 从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形 。 9. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, act as 作为. barrier 屏障,障碍物,隔阂 You should show the ticket at the barrier. The language barrier against 反对,阻止 which act as barrier 定从 10poison n./vt. 毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒 eg:1)Poisons must be put out of children's reach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。 2)This matter will make some poison to the crops.这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。 3)Books of this kind can make poison to children.这类书会对儿童造成毒害。 4)Heroin has poisoned a lot of people.海洛因毒害了很多人。 5)The polluted water in the river poisoned people here.污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。 -poisonous adj. 有毒(害)的 eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities. 11.protectagainst/ from 保护不受的损害 preventfrom doing 阻止 Wear sunglasses to _. You need warm clothes_. Nobody can _ (阻止他们结婚) protect your eyes from strong light to protect you against cold prevent them from getting married It is my duty to _ my students from being hurt when they are in danger. D A. prevent B. save C. stop D. protect prevent sb. (from) doing stop sb. (from) doing keep sb. from doing 12. sense (n. & v.) five senses： sense of smell sense of hearing the sixth sense sense of touch sense of sight sense of taste sense ofhumour、duty、direction The man has no common sense . (无常识) What he said made no sense.(没道理) sense (v.) 感觉到 Although she didnt say anything, I sensed that she didnt like the idea. (我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意） 13.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious. 该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：So if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious；从句为：as you can imagine. as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“正如”或“就象”的意思；它所引 的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。 另外，该句的主句中还含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。请看类似的句子： As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later. 正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。 as we all know = as is known to all as we expect = as is expected as everybody can see as you can imagine 14.various 不同的，各种各样的 There are various colors to choose from. vary vi 1.(in sth)be different in size, volume, strength, etc(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同 Opinions vary on this point. 15. vary (with sth); (from sth to sth) change , esp according to some factor改变, 变动, 变化 Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动 Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉 variety n. 变化，多样性，种类 We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化 The shopping center sells a variety of goods a variety of+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致 16.depend on取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任 His whole family depends on him他全家都靠他养活. He is a man to be depended on他是个可以信赖的人 dependent ( adj. ) dependence ( n. ) independent ( adj. ) independence (n.) 17. mild-milder-mildest-mildly Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment. mild在这个句子中的意思是“轻微的、不严重的”。 如：Edward suffered from a mild heart attack.爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。 mild还可以表示“温和的、暖和的；味淡的” 如：Shes the mildest person I have ever met in my life. 她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了 a mild climate 温暖的天气 mild cheese 淡味奶酪 gentle/soft/ mild The punishment is very _ . The weather is _ . I like a _ pillow. He was a person of _ birth. (身世良好) He spoke in a _ voice. mild mild gentle soft gentle/soft/ mild 18. 词语辨析: electric电的,发电的,由电产生的,用于导电的. electrical有关电的,与电有关的. electricity电,电力. 电力学 electric generator 发电机, electric cooker 电炉, electric iron 电熨斗, electric engineer 电机工程师 19.swell vt./vi. Swell swelled/ swelled swollen使膨胀，使(力量，数目等)增长，使壮大， The wind swelled the sails. 风使船帆鼓起。 His injured wrist began to swell (up).他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。 Her face swelled up with toothche. The wind swelled into a storm. 风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。 a small business swelled into a big company.壮大 4)Never swell with pride when you make some contributions. 有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。 swell with pride/anger得意洋洋、怒气冲冲 The doctor examined the swelling on my back. swollen adj. 肿胀的 His eyelid is swollen. 他眼皮肿了。 20.stick stick sth. to sth. 粘住 Stick the glue to my fingers. stick to doing sth stick to 坚持 stick to ones view坚持自己的观点 21. jewellery=jewelry 珠宝(总称) 不可数 jewel 可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物 The _ were kept in the safe. Many women like to buy as much _ as possible. Father always says I am his _ . jewel jewellery jewels She appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels. She locked her jewels in the jewellery box. My sister has _ . A. a piece of jewellery B. a jewellery C. a little of jewels D. a bit jewellery 22.Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水 -y是个形容词后缀。如： windy有风 hilly多小山的 sleepy困倦的 greeny略呈绿色的 spicy辛辣的 woody树木茂密的 23. unbearable不能忍受的 un不能.,无法. unforgettable unwilling unusual uncertain unfair unfit unbelievable unfortunate unlike uncomfortable 24. squeeze 挤；压；塞 sth. into sth. 把塞进 sth. from/ out of sth. 挤出 through 挤过 sth. out of sb. 敲诈逼某人说出 sb in 挤出时间见某人 crocodile squeezed a tear. I squeezed myself onto the crowded train. He squeezed everything into a suitcase. She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentively Although I am busy, I still can squeeze you in at 10 oclock Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多钱。 Ill never give in to you, and you can squeeze nothing out of me The little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush 25. over and over again List some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and over again and again over and again many times repeatedly from time to time now and then now and again Sometimes At times On occasions 26. Hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。 in place在适当的地方。如： The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。 Youd better put things back in place.你最好把你的东西放回原位。 Her dress was out of place at the ceremony. in place 还有“准备就绪”的意思。如： The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。 With everything in place, she started the slide show. 27.Pour 1. 倒,灌,注 She poured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶。 2. 倾注;大量投入;大量生产 They have poured money into the tourist industry. 他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。 3 倾吐,诉说 She often pours her troubles to friends. 她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。 不及物动词 vi. 1. 倾泻,涌流 The crowd poured out of the concert hall. 人群从音乐厅涌出来。 Sweat poured from Martin's face. 马丁脸上汗如雨下。 2. 斟茶 Shall I pour? 我来斟茶好吗? 3 (雨)倾盆而降(+down) The rain poured steadily down. 大雨不停地倾盆而下。 Pour cold water on/over对泼冷水 Pour oil on the flames火上浇油 Pour oil on troubled waters平息风波 I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. There are over 115 different kinds of _ (poison) snakes in Australia. 2. Doctors in that hospital are developing a new _ (treat) for cancer. 3. He is a _ (mildly) person who never shouts. poisonous treatment mild 4. This machine has an _ (electric) fault. 5. His face was _ (swell) up with toothache. 6. If he _ (blood) too much, his life will be in danger. 7. His foot was burned by hot water and there were several _ (water) blisters on it. swollen bleeds watery electrical II. 根据句意, 选择适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空。 1. protect; defend a. Taking an umbrella can _ you from rain. b. Schools should give children lessons on how to _ themselves. protect protect / defend 2. wound; injure; hurt a. She was badly _ when she fell off her bike. b. His leg _ when he walks. c. The soldier got a serious _ in the war. hurt / injured wound hurts 3. insist on; stick to a. Once a decision has been made, all of us should _ it. b. They _ leaving that day. c. He always _ his promise. sticks to stick to insisted on 4. cut off; cut out; cut up He was _ the meat and wanted to make dumplings. b. You can _ the unimportant details. c. The village was _ by heavy snow for a month. cut off cutting up cut out III. 用适当的介词填空。 1. We dont want to hear your opinions; stick _ the facts. 2. The robber robbed the bank _ force. 3. Whether we will have a picnic tomorrow depends _ the weather. 4. He was _ great pain after he broke his arm. to by on in / of 5. They decided to join to fight _ the enemy and defend their country. 6. As soon as all the chairs are _ place, we can let the people in. Dont take any notice _ what he says. 8. _ the aid of our teacher, we got through all the difficulties. With against in of V. 下列各句均有一处错误, 请指出并改正. If you want to change for a double room, youll have to pay other 30 yuan. another 2. First the curtain caught a fire and then the bed clothes. it 3. I like that in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 4. To my disappointment, none of my parents answered the telephone. neither 5. She knew there was no doubt whether he was lying to her. that 6. It was in the street where I met John. that 7. The speech is in the place for this occasion. VI. 根据括号内所给的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。 1. 他被年轻人挤出了人才市场。(squeeze out of) He was squeezed out of the job market by young people. 2. 我一次又一次地警告过你不要再做那么傻的事。 (over and over again) Ive warned you over and over again not to do such silly things. 3. 用胶带固定好绷带。 (in place) Hold the bandage in place with tape. 4. 风暴对庄稼没造成多大的破坏。(do damage to) The storm didnt do much damage to the crops. 5. 我不怀疑他能按时完成任务。 (doubt) I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time. 6. 坚持做完一件事。 (stick to) Stick to a task until it is finished. 7. 法律一旦被制订,就应该被认真执行。 (carry out) Laws must be carried out seriously once made. 8. 正是那个护士的快速反应和急救知识挽救了男孩的生命。 It was the nurses quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved the boy. Reading2 1 baward, reward, prize award 指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。如： The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student. 学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。 reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如： The fireman received a reward for saving the child's life. 因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。 prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如： Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition. 参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。 1.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to_. A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results 2. The mayor _ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims. A) rewarded B) awarded C) credited D) prized 一. award 与reward 词义辨析 A B 3. The police have offered a large _ _ for information leading to the robbers arrest. A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward D 2.Honor n. (U) 荣誉，尊敬;名誉 Its a point of honor with me to reply all my debts promptly. (C) 引以为荣的人/事，只用单数。 (D) The successful launch of the “Shenzhou VI” is an honor to our country. do sb an honor /the honor 使某人有特殊的荣幸,赏光 Will you do me the honor of dining with me? 可否赏光和我一起吃饭？ in sbs /sths honor 出于对的敬意 We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor. 我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。 in honor of ，为纪念，为庆祝 A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。 Honor v.给予表扬 1 honor sb/sth The President honored us with a personal visit. 2 be honored for 因而受到尊敬 Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work.白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。 3 be/feel honored that很荣幸能做 I am honored that you should notice me.我很荣幸您能注意到我。 4 be/feel honored to do 很荣幸能做。 I am honored to be here with you.能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。 an honored guest 贵宾 3 present v. Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the life of another. 1. 赠送 present + sth. +to +sb. 把某物送给某人 present + sb. +with sth. 赠送某人某物 2.introduce (sb) formally 正式介绍 She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男朋友介绍给我们。 3.show显示,呈现 a smiling face显出一张笑脸 4. 描述 The characters in the novel are vividly ed. 小说中人物被描写得很生动 adj. 作前置定语,“目前的,现在的” 作后置定语,“出席的,在场的 the present members the members present n.gift 礼物 相关短语： the present day 今天(=today) at presentat the present timenow 现在 for the present 暂时 the present 现在(相当于名词) be present at 出席;到场 4).ceremony n. (C)典礼；仪式 (U)礼节；礼仪；客套 The wedding ceremony was beautiful. There is no need for ceremony between us. Expressions: stand on ceremony拘泥礼节；讲究客套 with ceremony 正式；隆重 without ceremony不拘礼节地；随便地 The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony.人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。 5). John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 此句型中when作并列连词相当于and then意为”正当时突然”,常用于以下句型： be doing when 正在做突然 be about to do when