《园艺植物生产技术》模块三测试2含答案.docx

园艺植物生产技术模块三测试2含答案园艺植物生产技术模块三测试二 一、选择题(每题2分，计50分) 1.牡丹整形修剪不正确的是_。 ·································································· ( ) A. 定干时，每株留5-8个枝 B. 除芽时，每枝留花芽1个 C. 疏蕾遵照“一枝一蕾，留大除小”的原则进行 D. 花谢后摘花，摘除残、缺、僵等没有观赏价值的花朵 2.下列花卉最合适“五一”花坛布置的是_。 ················································ ( ) A. 一串红 B. 鸡冠花 C. 矮牵牛 D. 三色堇 3.立菊定头_。 ······················································································· ( ) A. 最后一次摘心立秋前23天停止 B. 最后一次摘心立秋时停止 C. 最后一次摘心立秋后23天停止 4.适宜牡丹生长的温度为_。 ····································································· ( ) A. 12-16 B. 16-20 C. 20-24 D. 24-28 5.下列说明月季叶片的是_。 ····································································· ( ) A. 叶互生、奇数羽状复叶 B. 叶对生、通常革质 C. 单叶、互生 D. 叶鳞片状 6.不属于日中性的植物有_。 ····································································· ( ) A. 牡丹 B. 香石竹 C. 波斯菊 D. 月季 7.一品红第一次摘心应在植株已长出_片叶时进行。 ······································· ( ) A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 8.依据盆花高度(包括盆高)分类，大型盆花高度在_。 ····································· ( ) A. 200cm以上 B. 130200cm C. 50130cm D. 2050cm 9.下列关于鸡冠花叙述错误的是_。 ···························································· ( ) A. 阳兴充足，强阳性 B. 耐寒 C. 耐干燥怕水涝 D. 春季播种繁殖为主，一般不用扦插繁殖 10.播种后，覆土厚度通常是种子直径的多少倍_。 ········································ ( ) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 2-4 11.下列花卉中属于温室宿根花卉的是_。 ····················································· ( ) A. 君子兰 B. 宿根鸢尾 C. 百合 D. 萱草 12.花坛花卉以_为主。 ············································································· ( ) A. 一、二年生草花 B. 宿根花卉和木本花卉 C. 温室花卉 D. 地被花 13.百合分球繁殖培养出的小鳞茎，直径_cm以上的为商品种球。 ····················· ( ) A. 2.5 B. 3 C. 3.5 D. 4 14.一串红和矮牵牛繁殖方法可采用_。 ························································ ( ) A. 播种，扦插 B. 播种，嫁接 C. 扦插，压条 D. 嫁接，压条 15.独本菊栽培技术错误的一项时_。 ··························································· ( ) A. 五月中旬菊苗高约40cm，可实行分期摘心 B. 脚芽出土后，选留两个壮芽作为新株培养 C. 上盆时要一次填满土 D. 浇水时掌握干透浇透的原则 16.自然花期在4月上中旬的牡丹为_。 ························································ ( ) A. 早花品种 B. 中花品种 C. 晚花品种 17.非洲菊花鲜切花采收_。 ······································································· ( ) A. 用花剪剪 B. 用刀割 C. 用手掰 D. 用脚踢 18._喜温暖湿润的环境，并具有一定的耐阴性。 ··········································· ( ) A. 多数观叶类花卉 B. 大部分观花花卉 C. 大部分观果类花卉 19.一品红摘心弱摘心时_。 ······································································· ( ) A. 摘至完全展开叶为止，一般摘去67cm B. 摘至完全展开叶上两叶为止，一般摘去34cm C. 摘去顶芽心部为止，一般在2cm以内 20.花从式花坛又称_。 ············································································· ( ) A. 盛花花坛 B. 模纹花坛 C. 混合花坛 D. 立体花坛 21.仙客来上盆后球根需_。 ······································································· ( ) A. 全部埋入土中 B. 稍露 C. 露表1/21/3 D. 全露 22.不属于花期调控措施的是_。 ································································· ( ) A. 调节土壤PH值 B. 调节温度 C. 调节光照 D. 控制水肥 23.凤尾鸡冠花播种时覆土_。 ···································································· ( ) A. 薄 B. 厚 C. 不露籽 D. 随便 24.关于百合栽培错误的一项是_。 ······························································ ( ) A. 百合种球只有通过自然休眠才能直接播种 B. 百合栽培应选择大规格种球，这样植株高度才会高 C. 百合栽培要求深种植 D. 生长期宜中耕除草，浇水保持见干见湿 25.一品红主要的栽培品种是_。 ································································· ( ) A. 重瓣一品红 B. 一品白 C. 一品粉 D. 一品黄 二、判断题(每题1分，计10分) 26.采收切花月季时，远途运输和长期贮藏应在蕾期采收，就近销售和短期贮藏的可以在初放期采收。 ················································································································ ( ) 27.仙人掌科植物和景天科植物一般都较耐旱和耐寒。 ·········································· ( ) 28.立菊上盆最好在晴天进行。 ········································································ ( ) 29.耐寒性花卉一般能耐0左右的温度，在我国寒冷地区等露地越冬。 ··················· ( ) 30.以观赏主花序为主的鸡冠花，应及时除去侧枝短日照处理，一边长出大的花序。 ··· ( ) 31.菊花又名黄花、九花，是我国的十大名花之一。 ············································· ( ) 32.月季“T”形芽接以六月下旬至七月上旬最为适宜。 ········································ ( ) 33.展览室与陈列室绿化装饰时适宜用观赏价值较高，造型奇特的盆花进行摆设。 ······ ( ) 34.菊花、万寿菊、紫罗兰的自然花期在秋季。 ··················································· ( ) 35.矮牵牛一般到采用光照调节来控制花期。 ······················································ ( ) 三、名词解释(每题4分，计16分) 36.花束： 37.艺术插花： 38.组合盆栽： 39.盆栽： 四、简答题(每题6分，计24分) 40.简述牡丹施肥技术。 41.“四大切花”指的是哪几种切花？ 42.草花播种前应做好那些准备工作？ 43.非洲菊有哪些繁殖方法？ 参考答案： 一、选择题(每题分，计分) 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.A 21.C 22.A 23.A 24.D 25.A 二、判断题(每题分，计分) 26. 27.× 28.× 29. 30.× 31. 32.× 33.× 34.× 35.× 三、名词解释(每题分，计分) 36.是指利用剪切下来的花枝通过艺术构思，加以修整剪扎而成束，并再精心装饰包装而成的花卉造型。 37.主要以东方式插花为主，侧重花材的自然美、布局的结构美和整体的艺术美，讲究线条的运用，多采用写实与写意相结合的艺术手法，作品形态自然，线条优美，布局如画，意境悠逸，情趣盎然。 38.组合盆栽是运用各种时令花卉及观赏植物，经人为设计安排后，表现植物特有色泽、质感变化及层次、线条美感的新兴园艺产品。 39.凡是用盆钵栽培花草树木的，都称为盆栽。 四、简答题(每题分，计分) 40.(1)施肥原则：上盆时施基肥，生长期间追肥。基肥施用量不能超过盆土总量的20%。追肥以“薄肥勤施”为原则。叶面喷施有机液肥的质量浓度不宜超过5%，化肥的质量浓度不宜超过，微量元素质量浓度不宜超过0.05%。在施用化学肥料时，应以氮肥为主，春季开花前增施一些磷肥，花后增施一些钾肥。 (2)施肥时间：牡丹在上盆的9月份至翌年的2月底不需要施肥。 在生长期间需追肥四次： 第一次在3月上旬，为花前肥，花前追肥有利于花大色艳； 第二次追肥在花谢之后，花后施肥主要是追补牡丹开花时所消耗的养分，有利于牡丹枝条的健壮生长； 第三次追肥在立秋之后，此时牡丹正处于花芽分化，秋后肥有利于花芽饱满，增加花量； 第四次追肥一般在11月份，有利于来年春季生长旺盛。 12月份至翌年2月份，牡丹进入休眠期，此时不宜施肥。 41.世界著名的四大切花是月季(现代月季)、香石竹、唐菖蒲、菊花。 42.(1)土壤准备：多数一年生花卉要求疏松肥沃、排水良好、透气性强、富含腐殖质的土壤。露地直播花卉在排水良好的沙质壤土、壤土上均可生长良好。适宜的土壤为表土深厚、地下水位较高、干湿适中、排灌方便、富含责机质和土壤的pH在7.0左右，而温室花卉则要求酸性土壤。在播种前要对土壤进行消毒。常用的消毒方法高温消毒法和药剂消毒法。 (2)种子准备:播前除对要用的种子进行发芽率和发芽势的检验外，还要对种子进行处理。种子消毒:生产中常用福尔马林、高锰酸钾、多菌灵等进行浸种消毒，浸种后的种子必须用清水冲洗干净，且不宜久存。福尔马林和高锰酸钾不宜用于已经催芽的种子。种子催芽：休眠期短或不休眠的种子可用清水浸种法催芽；对于外壳相当坚硬、吸水困难、胚根和胚芽很难突破外皮的种子可用挫伤种皮法催芽对于必须在低温和湿润的环境下经过很长一段时间才能打破休眠而萌发的种子可用层积处理法催芽。对于发芽容易的一二年生草花，播前不需要对种子作任何处理。 43.非洲菊可用分株、扦插、播种和组培法繁殖。切花规模化生产主要采用组培繁殖。