TPO小站托福听力完全自学讲义非常详细.docx

TPO小站托福听力完全自学讲义非常详细TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 新托福强化听力讲义 新托福考试听力部分介绍 1. 新托福和旧托福的对比 考试 PBT旧托福 IBT新托福 形式 Paper Internet 预读题目 Yes No 笔记 No Yes 题型 1/4 multiple choice New types 2. 题量，时间，分数 文章类型 CONVERSATION 题量 2-3 题目数 5 / conversation 时间 2-3 min / conversation LECTURE TOTAL 4-6 6-9 6 / lecture 34 4-6 min / lecture 60-90 min SCALE SCORE: 30 见OG185评分标准 3. 题目的考查形式 Ø 考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本 Ø 电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书 Ø 新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题 Ø 答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限 1 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 Ø 答题流程：永不悔改 4. 文章材料的考查形式 Ø 文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查 Ø 文章长度：比旧托福长 Ø 文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活 Ø 文章类型：对话，独白，讨论 CONVERSATION文章思路 LECTURE文章思路 2 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 5. 新托福考试题型概述 Basic comprehensionGist questionDetail questionPurpose questionAttitude questionOrganization questionInference questionIBT listening comprehensionPragmatic understandingConnecting information 题号 Why does the student go to see the 1 professor? According to the professor, what 2 information should the student include in her statement of purpose? What does the professor consider unusual 3 about the students background? 4 3 问 题 题 型 Gist question Detail Question Detail Question Why does the professor tell a story about Detail Question TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 his friend who went ot medical school? What does the professor imply about the 5 people who admit students to graduate school? 6 What are the students mainly discussing? Gist question Purpose question Inference question Listen again and then answer the 7 question: Why does the woman say this? According to the conversation, why are Detail Question 8 transposes sometimes called “jumping genes”? According to the conversation, what are two Detail Question 9 ways in which bacteria cells get resistance genes? What can be inferred about the resistance Inference question 10 genes discussed in the conversation? 11 What is the talk mainly about? What is the professors point of view 12 concerning the method of “safe yield”? 13 According to the professor, what are two 4 Gist question Detail Question Detail Question TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 problems associated with removing wter from an underground system? Listen again and then answer the 14 question: Why does the professor say this? Purpose question What is a key feature of a sustainable water Detail Question 15 system? What does the professor imply about water Inference question 16 systems managed by the “safe yield” method? Why does the professor talk about Platos 17 description of society? Gist question Listen again and then answer the question: 18 Why does the professor imply about platos ethical theory? Attitude question Listen again and then answer the 19 question: Why does the professor ask this? 20 What are two points that reflect Platos 5 Purpose question Detail Question TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 views about education? Based on information in the lecture, indicate Organization 21 whether the statements below about human emotion reflect beliefs held by Plato, According to Plato, what is the main 22 characteristic of a good or just person? 23 What is the main topic of the lecture? According to the professor, why did one 24 scientist grow a rye plant in water? Gist question Detail Question Detail Question question Listen again and then answer the 25 question: Why does the professor say this? The professor mentions houseplants that 26 receive too much water. Why does she mention them? Purpose question Detail Question Listen again and then answer the 27 question: Why does the professor intend to explain? Purpose question According to the professor, what similarity is Detail Question 28 there between crabgrass and rye plants? 6 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 Gist question Detail Question 29 What is the lecture mainly about? Why does the professor talk about a 30 construction company that has work in different cities? Listen again and then answer the 31 question: Why does the professor say this? What is an example of a violation of the 32 “unity of command” principle? According to the professor, where might there be a conflict in an organizational 33 structure based on both projects and function? Indicate whether each sentence below Purpose question Detail Question Detail Question Organization describes functional organization or project question 34 organization. Place a check mark in the correct box. Ø Gist question: 6 Ø Detail question: 16 Ø Purpose question: 6 7 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 Ø Attitude question: 1 Ø Organization question: 2 Ø Inference question: 3 6. 界面展示 8 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 9 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 7. IBT新托福资料说明听力部分 图片 资料名称 The Official 特点 l 题目数量不多 推荐使用方法 l 精听精做 l 题目分类研究 l 文章精读研究 l 不建议模考 ETS TOEFL PRACTICE ONLINE l 一共14套，其中新东方l 精听精做 引进4套，还有2套是l 建议最后冲OG题目，其他全部为全真试题 l 难度和考试相当，已经有较全的版本出现 l 题型全面，场景全面 DELTA 新托福考试备考 策略与模拟试题 10 Study Guide l 难度较简单 l 题型全面，和考试相同，质量高 刺模考 l 题目数量大，后面有四套l 精听精做 模拟试题 l 前面的训练题目文章较短，不是托福模拟 l 建议考前强化训练 l 对语速跟读TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 模仿 l 听力材料要比考试稍难些，速度也稍快些 l 题型和考试相差很多，不建议细钻 DELTA 新托福考试模拟 试题 l 题目数量大，有六套模拟l 建议考前模试题 l 具体特点同蓝皮delta 拟 l 对语速跟读模仿 BARRON 新托福考试全 真模考题与精解 KAPLAN模考试题四套 l 题目数量大，后面有7套l 建议平时精模拟试题 l 难度偏小，在基础班使用 l 有四套模拟试题 l 听力部分略难，语速略快 l 配合模拟光盘，有临考感觉 l 考前模考 听训练 THOMSON模考试题两套 l 只有两套题，但质量很l 建议模考 好，文章难度适中，题目难度和Barron相近，感觉上略难一些，和考试非11 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 常相似。 Longman 新托福考试 综合教程 l 题目非常简单 l 题型脱离托福考试，可以做基础教材 l 对水平不好的学生进行基础训练，循序渐进 北极星英语系列教 程新TOEFL考试技能培训教程系列 新托福考l 文章难略不平均 l 不建议使用 l 由大约10个单元的题材l 建议做基础加最后的一些模考题组成 l 题材贴近托福考试范围，可以做基础训练使用 训练 试听力特训 l 题目脱离托福考试 TOEFL iBT l 技巧讲解偏多 听力新思维 l 涉及语音、词汇的部分讲 解很详细 TOEFL iBT l 和旧托福版本改版不多 听力习语必 备 l 新托福考试更少的设计听力习语 l 建议通读 l 建议通读 12 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 托福听力中的九大语音问题 1. 语速问题 Ø 托福听力过程中的语速问题 Ø 如何解决语速问题 2. 连读问题 Ø 托福听力过程中的连读问题 关键性词语出现连读：否定形式 l not at all：The meeting yesterday wasnt at all boring. 常用性词语出现连读 l for him Ø 连读中的基本规则 辅音+元音连读 l I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride. l Not at all. l Rush hour. l This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do. l Travel agency, travel agent 辅音+辅音连读 l Some money, bike key 13 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 元音+元音连读 l Be on time l An apple a day keeps the doctor away H连读 l I lent him a book. l Larry is taking a lot of art, isnt he? l The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. l I must have left my keys at my sisters house. l She learned to use the computer on her own. 其他特殊连读 l +=：meet you, hurt you, that your l +=：would you, hand your, did you l +=：miss you, this year l +=：as usual, because you l Example: wont you, dont you, didnt you, havent you, hadnt you, wouldnt you, werent you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, I use your, hows your Ø 如何解决连读问题 14 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 3. 失爆问题 Ø 托福听力过程中的失爆问题：，任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象 l Sit down, good night, friendly l -this calculator isnt working right. -I think youve got the battery in upside down. Ø 如何解决失爆问题 4. 略读问题 Ø 托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来 l I am = Im, you have = youve, how is = hows, that would = thatd l Doesnt, didnt, shouldnt, hadnt, hasnt, wouldnt, wont l Official guide P199：OK. So weve talked about some different types of root systems of plants, and Ive shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root systemthe depth. Ø 如何解决略读问题 l Im, youre, shes, theyre, theres, hes, whos 15 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 l Weve, hell, shed, shell, shes, theyd, theyve, theyll l Cant, werent, wont, arent, wouldnt, shouldnt l Gotta, gonna 5. 弱读问题 Ø 托福听力过程中的弱读问题 介词弱化： l stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train to Paris 代词弱化： l Phone us when you are free. l Ive lost my book. 连词弱化： l Please give me some cream and sugar. l Either Tom or Peter can come. Ø 如何解决弱读问题 6. 英美音差异问题 Ø 托福听力过程中的英美音问题 音问题 l Idea, really l They werent at the dorm last night. 16 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 (A) They went to the dormitory. (B) They didnt go to the dormitory. l -The snow is really coming down, isnt it? -Rarely do we have so much snow in December. -What does the man mean? (A) it is typical December weather for this region. (B) such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month. l Glass, class, fast l Hot, box, rock 其他情况 l Neither Ø 如何解决英美音问题 l 常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball, door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot l 不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall l 常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult, ordinary, secretary, dictionary 7. 词性变音问题 Ø 托福听力过程中的词性变音问题 17 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 l Method- methodically l 校园词汇的变音：meteorology, economics, geography Ø 如何解决词性变音问题 8. Company-companion, ignore-ignorant, declare-declaration, library-librarian, geography-geographical, photo-photographer-photographic, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical缩写问题 Ø 托福听力过程中的缩写问题 l Sitcom l Chem lab l prof Ø 如何解决词性缩写问题 l Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课 Demo = demonstration 演示 l Memo = memorandum 备忘录 Info. = Information 信息 l Expo = exposition 博览会 Chem.= chemistry 化学 l Comm. = commerce 商业 Tech = technology 技术 18 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 l Ad.= advertisement 广告 Dorm = dormitory 寝室 l M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士 M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士 l B.A. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 B.S. = Bachelor of Science理学士 l alga = algebra 代数学、代数 anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖 l archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑 arith = arithmetic 算术、算术 l astron = astronomy 天文学、天文 eng = engineering工程学、工程 l electr = electricity电学、电 fin = finance财政学、财政 l geol = geology地质学、地质 geom = geometry几何学、几何 l gram = grammar文法 hist = history历史、史 l ling = linguistics语言学、语言 maths = mathematics数学、数学 l mech = mechanics 机械学、机械 med = medical医学、医 l met = meteorology气象学、气象 myth = mythology 神话 l phil = philosophy哲学 phon = phonetics 语言学、语言 19 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 l photo = photography摄影术、摄影 phys = physics物理学、物理 l physiol = physiology生理学、生理 pol = politics政治学、政治 l psych = psychology心理学、心理 9. 数字问题 Ø 托福听力过程中的数字问题 l What is the length of each of these rivers? 2,307 Amazon Mississippi Nile Yangtze 3,436 Miles 4,007 4,145 Ø 如何解决词性数字问题 l 逗号原则 l 1,234,567,890: 20 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 新托福听力记笔记NOTE TAKING 记笔记的两种形式 NOTE TAKING符号可以用一些特定的符号代表一些英文意思，在熟练的基础上进行掌握缩写将一些常见的词根词缀改编成缩写形式，在笔记上进行记录加快记录速度符号 l : surpass, exceed l :less than l : equal to, the same as l : difference l : increase, promote, enhance, improve l : decrease, fall, worsen l : plus, add, besides, moreover l : minus, deduct, except l : result in, lead to l : originate from, date back to 21 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 l : correct, good, positive, affirmative l ×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative l : outstanding, elite l : because, owing to, thanks to, since, as l : therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence l : total, amount l : government 缩写 l ablel ingl tionl mentl izel tivel full lessBL: PRBL， RSBL， DBL G: SHPG N: OPTN， NAN T: AGRMT Z: RCGNZ， OGNZ TV: EFCTV， FL: SCFL LS: RGDLS T: URGT L: ARVL l ent/antl al/ial练习 Sample Script: 22 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years. Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelors degrees and masters degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information. Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes. 23 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 新托福听力文章套路 1. 托福听力中的重点原则 Ø 原则一：大写原则 Ø 原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则 Ø 原则三：重复原则 Ø 原则四：转折对比原则 Ø 原则五：强调原则 Ø 原则六：比较原则 Ø 原则七：建议原则 Ø 原则八：举例原则 Ø 原则九：现在原则 Ø 原则十：解释原则 Ø 原则十一：因果原则 Ø 原则十二：观点态度原则 Ø 原则十三：特殊问句原则 24 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 2. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1CONVERSATION 3. 举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2LECTURE 25 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇 26 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 新托福听力场景汇总之CONVE课堂学习课程相关事务场景相关事务+专业讨论场景相关选课场景迟到旷课场景转学场景实验室场景图书馆场景课堂内容讨论场景课外学习相关奖学金场景RSATION篇论文场景实地考查场景体育运动场景课余生活相关游玩场景打工场景学生组织活动场景报到注册场景日常起居相关校园生活场景医院场景27 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 28 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇 1. 课程相关事务场景 Ø 场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。一定以conversation出现，常见话题有：安排考试，调课事宜，课程辅助材料等。 Ø 常见套路： 和考试相关：考试分数；考试复习；安排考试；考试分数 和课程相关：课程目的；课程类型；课程形式，课程作业 和作业相关：作业类型；作业方法；交作业相关 和论文相关：论文的分数 Ø 场景词汇： l Discussion, presentation, topic, lecture, good choice, slide, library, collection, check, librarian l Report, office hour, submit, on disk, hard copy, soft copy, computer, print, computer lab l Project, ton of, cover, re-write, research data, information, input, complete l Term paper, grade, complicated, terrible mistake, edited version, overtired, stressed, rushing against the clock, mark, draft, print, final paper, maintaining average, application, drop, re-take, due, 29 TPO小站论坛与你携手共进 extention, discuss, check back, re-reading, submission l Information, exam schedule, term, date, book, department, invigilator, sign up, sheet, bulletin board, faculty lounge, square, draft, dean, review, draw up, manually, consult, register l Physiology 100, sophomore, second year course, first year student, transfer, b