沪教版八年级下英语语法专项ppt课件.pptx

各单元语法专项课件,初中英语沪教版八年级下册,Unit1 语法专项课件（动词不定式）,初中英语沪教版八年级下册,动词不定式定义,动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中可起到名词、形容词或副词的作用，作主语、宾语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是“to+动词原形”，但to有时要省略。动词不定式在具体运用时，用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。动词不定式的结构：to+动词原形,动词不定式的用法,1.带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want,ask,tell,hope,learn,try,decide,forget,remember,like,love,stop等。,动词不定式的用法,(2)动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth。,She wants to play the piano.她想弹钢琴。Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我不要叫醒凯特。,动词不定式的用法,2.省to的不定式结构。在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better do sth.的否定形式是had better not do sth.在let,make,see,feel,watch,hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。在引导疑问句的why not之后。,动词不定式的用法,You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。I didnt see you come in.我没看见你进来。Why not go with us?为什么不和我们一起呢？,动词不定式的用法,3.动词不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语可以放在后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。To master a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。Its necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。,动词不定式的用法,4.动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。I have nothing to say on this question.对这个问题我无可奉告。,动词不定式的用法,5.动词不定式作宾语。有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语（即宾语+宾语补足语）。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语，则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，而将不定式短语（真正的宾语）放在宾语补足语之前。I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。,动词不定式的用法,6.动词不定式作宾语补足语。作动词ask,like,tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。作使役动词let,have,make以及感官动词feel,hear,see,watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。作help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。,动词不定式的用法,He asked me to say more.他让我多说点。The teacher made him stay at home.老师让他待在家里。Could you help me(to)carry the heavy box?你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？,动词不定式的用法,7.动词不定式作状语。放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。用在tooto结构中。,动词不定式的用法,He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。Im sorry to hear that.听到这件事我很难过。He is too young to understand all that.他太年轻了，不能理解这件事情。,易错点1,跟省to动词不定式动词汇总,“一感二听三让四看半帮助”,feel sb do sth;listen/hear sb do;make/let/have sb do sth;look at/see/watch/notice sb do sth;help sb(to)do sth,易错点1,省to动词不定式,I often hear Molly sing songs in her room.我经常听见莫利在她的房间里唱歌。Dont make him stand outside.别让他在外边站着了。Welistenedtotheoldmantellhisstory.我们听这位老人讲述他的经历。,易错点2,有些动词，既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，但表达意义完全不同。,既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语的动词,forget,to do sth.忘记去做某事,doing sth.忘记做过某事,go on,to do sth.接着去做另一件事,doing sth.继续做同一件事情,（未做）,（已做）,（另一件事情）,（同一件事情）,易错点2,既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语的动词,try,to do sth.尽力做某事,doing sth.试着做某事,类似的还有:remember（同forget),stop/continue(同go on)。,易错点2,既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语的动词,Dont forget to close the door when you leave.你走时别忘了关门。I forgot posting the letter.我忘记邮信了。The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.老师进来的时候，学生们停止了交谈。They stopped to have a rest.他们停下来休息。,（未做）,（已忘记）,（另一件事情）,（同一件事情）,【典例1】Our teacher often tells us _ in the river.Its dangerous.A.dont swim B.not swim C.not to swim D.not swimming,考查动词不定式的用法。tell后跟带to的动词不定式，否定形式为tell sb.not to do sth.，故答案选C。,【典例2】He made us _ by making faces.A.to laugh B.laughing C.laugh D.laughed,考查动词不定式。make为使役动词，后跟省to动词不定式，故答案选C。,【典例3】Mary is very generous.Yes,she gave away all her money she owned _ people in need.A.to help B.to helping C.helped D.helping,考查动词不定式。本句话意为“玛丽真是太慷慨了。是的，她把她所有的钱都捐给了缺钱的人们”。表目的用动词不定式，所以答案选A。,Unit2 语法专项课件（动名词）,初中英语沪教版八年级下册,动名词的定义,动名词是具有动作意义的名词。在句中不能充当谓语，但可以把其当作名词用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,动名词的结构：v-ing,动名词的构成规则,动名词的用法,1.动名词作主语,Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的运动Talking like that is not polite.那样谈话不礼貌,动名词的用法,2.动名词作宾语,Please stop smoking in the house.请不要在家里抽烟。I like reading in the forest.我喜欢在树林里读书。,动名词的用法,3.介词后跟动名词,What about going to the cinema?去看电影怎么样？On seeing his teacher,he jumped off his bike.他一看见老师就下自行车。,常跟动名词作宾语的动词,喜欢（enjoy）不断（keep）提建议（suggest）盼望（look forward to）习惯（be used to）却完毕（finish）想要（feel like）花费（spend）去练习（practice）忍俊不禁（cant help）还介意（mind）后接动名词,记忆口诀,常跟动名词作宾语的动词,Do you mind my opening the windows?你介意我打开窗户吗？Uncle Wang kept telling jokes and we couldnt help laughing.王叔叔不停地讲笑话，我们忍不住笑了。,常跟动名词作宾语的短语,be fond of,be good at,be worth,devote to,feel like,get used to,give up,have difficulty,insist on，look forward to,pay attention to,put off,refer to,be busy(in)等。,He is fond of playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球。I have difficulty learning English.我学习英语有困难。,易错点1,有些动词后既可加不定式又可加动名词,forget,to do sth.忘记去做某事,doing sth.忘记做过某事,（未做）,（已做）,remember,to do sth.忘记去做某事,doing sth.记得做过某事,（未做）,（已做）,易错点1,有些动词后既可加不定式又可加动名词,go on,to do sth.接着去做另一件事,doing sth.继续做同一件事情,（另一件事情）,（同一件事情）,stop,to do sth.停下来去做某事,doing sth.停止做某事,（另一件事情）,（同一件事情）,易错点1,有些动词后既可加不定式又可加动名词,hear/see,do sth.听见/看见某人做了某事,doing sth.听见/看见某人正在做某事,（听到、看到的结果）,（听、看的过程）,try,to do sth.尽力做某事,doing sth.试着做某事,易错点2,动名词表示抽象或多次的行为,动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语，在有些时候可以通用。但是，动名词多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。,易错点2,动名词表示抽象或多次的行为,I like swimming in summer.夏天我喜欢游泳。I like to play football with you tonight.今天晚上我想跟你踢足球。,（习惯爱好）,（具体事件）,【典例1】We cant help crying after _ the sad news.A.hear B.heard C.hearing D.to hear,考查非谓语动词。after是介词，介词后跟动名词，故答案选C。,【典例2】She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest,考查非谓语动词。根据句意“她到达山顶，停下来在一个大石头上休息一下”可知，“停下来去休息”，做另外一件事情，故stop后跟动词不定式。,【典例3】Look!The lights in the classroomare still on.Oh,I forgot _.A.turning them off B.turn them off C.to turn them off D.turned them off,考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，灯还亮着，说明“忘记做某事”，“未做”，所以选用forget to do。答案为C。,语法专项课件（过去进行时）,过去进行时定义,过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。,过去进行时的结构,否定形式,问句形式,was/were+not+doing,Was/Were+主语+doing,He was sleeping at that time.,He wasnt sleeping at that time.,Was he sleeping at that time?,过去进行时标志词,then,at that time,this time yesterday,at 5 oclock last night,all night,all the morning,from 7:00 to 9:00 yesterday,They were having a class this time yesterday.I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.,动名词变化规则,易错点1,when的用法,when和while引导时间状语从句,1.状语从句表示短时间的动作，主句常用进行时态或完成时态。When I came in,he was reading the newspaper.,非延续性动词：come,go,leave,arrive,meet,die等。,易错点1,when的用法,when和while引导时间状语从句,2.状语从句表示长时间的动作或状态，主句常用进行时态。When she was making a call,I was writing a letter.,易错点1,when的用法,when和while引导时间状语从句,3.表示突然发生某事，意思是“正在时突然”，主句常用过去进行时，when从句常用一般过去时。I was just coming along to see you when I ran into Wilson.,易错点1,while的用法,when和while引导时间状语从句,1.主句和从句都用一般过去时。She listened carefully while he read.,延续性动词：read,study,sleep,write,listen,watch等。,易错点1,while的用法,when和while引导时间状语从句,2.从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。While I was watching TV,Tom came in.,易错点1,while的用法,when和while引导时间状语从句,3.主句和从句都用过去进行时。While I was watching TV,she was doing some cleaning.,易错点2,用法不同,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,易错点2,用法不同,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,She was writing a letter to her friend at eight last night.She wrote a letter to her friend last night.,(信不一定写完),(信写完了),She waved to me.She was waving to me.,（挥了挥手）,（反复挥手）,易错点2,标志词不同,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,易错点2,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,We were having supper at this time yesterday.It was raining all those days.I was reading English while my mother was cooking breakfast.,（过去进行时）,易错点2,过去进行时和一般过去时的区别,I lived in Beijing three years ago.The first Olympic Games happened in 1896.Anny used to be short,but she becomes taller now.,（一般过去时）,【典例1】Little Tom _ computer games when his mother got home.A.is playing B.plays C.was playing D.playing,考查时态。句意：当妈妈到家的时候，小汤姆正在玩电脑游戏。when引导时间状语从句，主句多用进行时，时间发生在过去，故用过去进行时。,【典例2】Turn off the water while you _ your teeth or washing your hands.A.were brushing B.brush C.are brushing D.brushed,考查时态。句意：当你刷牙或洗手的时候，请关掉水龙头。while引导时间状语从句，时态保持一致，brushing与washing并列；习惯的动作，故选现在进行时。,【典例3】I called you at 8:00 yesterday evening,but no one answered.Sorry,I _ clothes at that time.A.wash B.washed D.am washing D.was washing,考查时态。句意：昨晚八点我打电话给你，但是没有人接。不好意思，那个时候我正在洗衣服。at that time为过去进行时标志词，选用was/were doing。,语法专项课件（原因状语从句）,状语从句分类,时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,比较状语从句,原因状语从句定义,He is absent today because he was ill.因为他生病了，所以今天缺席。As it is snowing，we shall not go out.因为下雪了，我们不应该出去。,原因状语从句通常由because,as,since,now that引导，表示原因。,常见连接词列表,典型例句,He didnt come to school because he was ill.因为他生病了，所以没来上学。As it is raining,we shall not go to the zoo.由于下雨了，我们不应该去动物园。Since you cant answer the question,Ill ask someone else.既然你能回答这个问题，我去问问别人。You couldnt see him,for he wasnt there.（不句首）你看不到他，因为他没在那里。,易错点1,Why are you late again?为什么又迟到了？Because there is something wrong with my bike.因为我自行车出问题了。,because常回答why引导的疑问句，从句一般位于主句后；as，since语气较弱，不回答why引导的问句，从句一般位于主句前。,易错点2,because和so不能同在一个句子中。,Because I was afraid,I didnt go there.Because I was afraid,so I didnt go there.,易错点3,for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。,The oil must be out,for the light went out.一定是油用完了，因为灯灭了。,易错点3,because和because of也有明显区别。because后面要跟从句，而because of后面跟名词短语。,He is late for school because it rains heavily.He is late for school because of the heavy rain.,【典例】用because,since,for,as,now that填空。,考查原因状语从句连接词。1.2.4表示原因，语气较弱，1表示“既然”选用since，2表示“对某一事实进行推断”选用for，4表示“众所周知”的理由选用as。,1._ you do not understand,I will explain again.2.He must be ill,_ he is absent today.3._ he was ill,he didnt go to school.4._ she was late for school,she had to say sorry.,Since,for,Because,As,【典例2】He was late _ the heavy rain.A.because B.because of C.though D.if,考查原因状语从句连接词。句意：因为那场大雨，所以他迟到了。表示原因because引导句子，because of引导名词，故答案选B。,