沪教版七年级上英语各单元语法ppt课件.pptx

语法专项课件,初中英语沪教版七年级上册,Unit 1语法专项课件（可数名词和不可数名词）,初中英语沪教版七年级上册,可数名词VS不可数名词,可数名词变复数,2.1 规则变化,可数名词变复数,2.2 不规则变化,改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 foot feet,tooth teeth,goose geese man men,woman women,child children,mouse mice,单复数同形词 deer,sheep,fish等 由汉语音译表示度量、币值等单位量词，如：five yuan,可数名词变复数,2.2 不规则变化,表示某国人的名词复数变化：,口诀记忆中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。,可数名词变复数,2.3 复合名词的复数形式,可数名词的特点,1）可数名词有单、复数之分。,例：a bird 一只鸟；many birds 很多只鸟,2）可数名词可以直接用不定冠词a/an、数词或many,some,any,a lot of,lots of等修饰。,例：an apple；three chairs；some students,可数名词的特点,There is a pen on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔。There are many students in the classroom.教室里有很多学生。,3）可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；复数形式或两个（或两个以上）单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。,4）在特殊疑问句中，用how many修饰可数名词。,例：How many pens do you have?你有多少支钢笔？,不可数名词的特点,2）不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,1）不可数名词前可以用much,a little,a lot of等修饰。,例：much bread 很多面包；a little tea 一点儿茶,例：There is some money in the purse.钱包里有一些钱。,不可数名词的特点,3）不能用不定冠词a/an或数词直接修饰。若要表示数量，则需要借助一定的单位词来表示。,不可数名词的特点,4）特殊疑问句中，对不可数名词前的修饰语提问，用how much。,例：How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯中有多少牛奶？,5）有些名词既可以作可数名词，又可以作不可数名词。但它们的汉语意思有差别。,例：fish 鱼（可数），鱼肉（不可数）；chicken 小鸡（可数），鸡肉（不可数）；glass 玻璃杯（可数），玻璃（不可数）。,易错点1,名词作定语时一般用单数形式。例：an apple tree苹果树；three apple trees 三棵苹果树 但是man和woman作定语时，它们的单复数要和后面被修饰 的词保持一致。例：two women teachers 两位女教师,名词作定语,易错点2,可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some,any,a lot of,lots of 等来修饰，表示“一些，许多”，被称为“万能词”。例：There are some oranges on the desk.桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。但是，many,few,a few 只能修饰可数名词的复数形式；much,little,a little只能修饰不可数名词。,万能词,易错点3,不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量的时候需要借助于“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构来表示。注意：1）量词可以是单数也可以是复数。2）量词如果是复数形式，谓语动词则用复数。例：There are two glasses of milk on the table.桌子上有两杯牛奶。,不可数名词的“量”,【典例1】What do you have for breakfast?I often have_ and _.A.breads;eggs B.bread;egg C.breads;egg D.bread;eggs,考查可数名词和不可数名词。bread为不可数名词，没有复数形式，而egg为可数名词，在句中应变为复数。句意：我经常吃面包和鸡蛋。故选D。,【典例2】British people eat_ a lot,and theyre usually cooked in different ways.A.chicken B.beef C.fish D.potatoes,考查可数名词和不可数名词。根据句中的“theyre”可知，应选复数名词，而chicken,beef,fish都是不可数名词。故选D。,【典例3】There are a lot of _ in our school.They work very hard.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.womans teachers D.woman teacher,考查可数名词和不可数名词。woman和man在句中作定语修饰名词时，它们的单复数要和后面名词的单复数保持一致。故选B。,语法专项课件（现在进行时1）,现在进行时定义,现在进行时是表示现在、说话瞬间或当前正在做着的动作。,考点透视,知识定位,时态形式,动名词,肯定否定疑问,使用条件,标志词,变化规则,能力要求,现在进行时的结构,否定形式,问句形式,主语+be not doing sth.,be+主语+doing,Lily is doing her homework now.,Lily is not doing her homework now.,Is Lily doing her homework now?,现在进行时三大用法,1）表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。,Whats your brother doing now?你弟弟在做什么？He is flying a kite.他在放风筝。,2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。,The number is getting bigger and bigger.数字在逐渐变大。,现在进行时三大用法,现在进行时三大用法,3）表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。,He is always thinking of others.他总是想着别人。,（表赞扬）,动名词变化规则,一般现在时标志词,此时此刻：now,at the moment 或Its+几点钟,提示语：Listen!Look!Keep quiet!Dont make noise!,持续进行：these days,all the time,Its six oclock.The children are playing basketball.,Keep quiet!The teachers are talking in the office.,Uncle Wang is building a small room for his dog these days.,如何判断现在进行时,(1)一般句中用到表示“在现在”的时间状语，如：now,right now,at the moment 或Its+几点钟”句型，常判断用现在进行时。Eg:Its six oclock.The children are playing basketball.现在六点钟了，孩子们正在打篮球。,如何判断现在进行时,(2)句中用到“Listen！”“Look!”“Keep quiet”“Dont make noise!”等提示语时，表明说话间另一个动作正在进行，这时，句子也要用现在进行时。Eg:Keep quiet!The teachers are talking in the office.安静！老师正在办公室里谈话。,如何判断现在进行时,(3)现在进行时常用来表示在当前一直做着的动词，这时句中常用these days,all the time等时间状语。Eg:These days,uncle Wang is building a small room for his dog.这些天，李叔叔正在为他的狗建一个小房子。,如何判断现在进行时,(4)通过上下文句义，表明某一动作是现在或说话瞬间发生的动作，这个句子也要用现在进行时态。Eg:Where is Tom?汤姆在哪儿？He is running on the playground.他正在操上想跑步。,如何判断现在进行时,(5)某些动词的现在进行时，表示预定的计划或即将发生的动作。Eg:I am coming to see you next week.下周我来看你。,如何判断现在进行时,(6)现在进行时还可以表示一个现阶段频繁发生的动作，常与always,forever等词连用。Eg:He is always asking me the same question.他总是问我同一个问题。,考查现在进行时的结构。根据“直、去、双、变”原则：talk-talking;play-playing。进行时的结构是be+v-ing。,【典例1】用词语的正确行使填空(1)Listen,Mr.Wu on the phone(talk).(2)I soccer now.Im walking.(not play),is talking,am not playing,(3)Is your father at home?Yes,he is.He a TV show(watch)(4)They to go to the shop now.(want)(5)you for your friends?(wait)No,Im not.,is watching,want,Are,waiting,考查现在进行时的结构。根据“直、去、双、变”原则：watch-watching,wait-waiting。进行时的结构是be+v-ing。(4)中表示某人的意愿，不用现在进行时。,【典例2】Look!Tom _ TV happily on the sofa.A.watch B.watches C.watching D.is watching,考查现在进行时。look是现在进行时的标志词，现在进行时的结构为be+v-ing，所以只有答案D符合。,语法专项课件（现在进行时2）,1）当have/has表示“拥有”时，不用于进行时态，但表示“开会，吃饭、玩的高兴”等意思时，可以用进行时表达。,I am have many books.They are having a good time.他们玩得很开心。,现在进行时的特殊用法,2）有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时，但却表示将要发生的事，而不表示动作现在正在进行。这些动词往往是一些表示位移的动词，如，go,become,leave,fly,move,start,arrive,return.等。,现在进行时的特殊用法,现在进行表将来,Next month my family is moving to Beijing.下个月，我家就要搬到北京去了。My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven oclock tomorrow morning.明天上午十一点我姑姑将去上海。,现在进行时的特殊用法,3）并不是所有含有now,look,listen等词语都用现在进行时。所有的时态要根据上下文语境来判断。,She can ride a bike now.现在他会骑自行车了。Look!There comes a bus!看！公交车来了。,现在进行时的特殊用法,不使用现在进行时的情况,感官动词：hear,see,smell,sound等。,表情感的动词：hate,like,love,prefer等。,表构成或来源的动词：come from,include等。,5大特殊情况,表示拥有的动词（词组）：belong to,have,own,possess等。,表知道或了解等的动词：believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know,remember等。,现在进行时VS一般现在时,一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力及自然现象。现在进行时表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。如：She often does her homework in the evening.她经常在晚上做作业。She is doing her homework now.现在她正在做作业。,一、概念不同：,现在进行时VS一般现在时,一般现在时中谓语动词的构成有以下三种情况：be动词的一般现在时形式：am，is，are.动词have的一般现在时形式：have，has.其他行为动词的一般现在时形式有动词原形或第三人称单数形式。而现在进行时中谓语动词的构成是：am/is/are+动词的-ing形式（现在分词）。,二、在构成方式上的不同：,现在进行时VS一般现在时,一般现在时的时间状语主要有：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，every day/week/month/year，on Sundays，in the morning/afternoon/evening等；现在进行时的时间状语主要有：now，these days，this week，at the moment等，有时句首有“Look！”、“Listen！”或“Its+时刻”等词、句存在。,三、时间状语不同：,现在进行时VS一般现在时,如：We play football in the afternoon.我们在下午踢足球。（一般现在时）My mother is reading a newspaper now.我妈妈正在看报纸。（现在进行时）,考查现在进行时与一般现在时的结构。根据题意：(1)表示“习惯性动作”适用一般现在时；(2)表示此时此刻正在发生的动作，适用现在进行时。,【典例1】用词语的正确行使填空(1)We_(go)to school at 7:30 in the morning.(2)Listen!Lucy _(sing)now.,go,is singing,(3)Where is Lily?She _(read)under the tree.(4)Can you _(swim)?Yes,I can.(5)Bill speaks Japanese.He _(not speak)Chinese.,考查现在进行时与一般现在时的结构。根据题意：(3)询问此时此刻Lily在做什么适用现在进行时；(4)表示某人的“能力”适用一般现在时；(5)表示某人的“能力”适用一般现在时。,is reading,swim,doesnt speak,【典例2】Look!Tom _ in the sea now.A.swims B.swimming C.is swimming D.is swiming,考查时态。look是现在进行时的标志词，现在进行时的结构为be+v-ing，而根据“直、去、双、变”原则，swim的动名词形式为swimming，故答案选C。,语法专项课件（一般过去时1）,一般过去时的常见用法,表过去发生的动作。,表过去存在的状态。,He was very short when he was ten.,Tom broke the window yesterday.,Be动词一般过去时四巧,一是时间状语巧，表示过去的短语要记牢；二是肯定结构巧，单数was，复数were；否定结构是三巧，not紧跟waswere；四是疑问句式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)。,记忆口诀,Be动词一般过去时四巧,时间状语巧：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。例如：yesterday,last night/week/month/year,last Saturday,the day before yesterday,in 1998,fiveyearsago等。,第一巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,肯定结构巧：它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。I was in the classroom yesterday morning.昨天早上我在教室里。,第二巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,否定结构巧：与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was,were与not可以缩写成wasnt,werent。主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他.,第三巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,I was not(wasnt)here yesterday.昨天我不在这儿。My parents were not(werent)at home last Sunday.上周日我父母不在家。,Be动词一般过去时四巧,疑问句式巧：把was,were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。Was(Were)主语 表语 其他?,第四巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,Were you at home the day before yesterday？前天你在家吗？Was she late this morning？今天早上她迟到了吗？,Be动词一般过去时四巧,肯定回答用“Yes,主语waswere.”否定回答用“No,主语wasntwerent.”Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now?刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？Yes,they were.(No,they werent.)是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）,易错点,was not缩写为wasnt,were not缩写为werent。,Linda wasnt in the classroom at that time.琳达那个时候没在教室。My family werent in China when I was five.我五岁时还没搬到中国。,【典例1】your parents at home last week?A.Is B.WasC.Are D.Were,考查时态中be动词的运用。句意：上周你爸妈在家吗？last week是一般过去时，应选用be动词的过去时，my parents是复数，故答案选D。,【典例2】Who was on duty last Friday?.A I am B I was C Yes,I wasD No,I wasnt,考查时态中be动词的运用。句意：上周五谁值日？我。问句为特殊疑问句，不能用Yes/No来回答；问句为一般过去时，答语也要用be动词的过去式。,语法专项课件（一般过去时2）,一般过去时的常见用法,表过去发生的动作。,表过去存在的状态。,He was very short when he was ten.,Tom broke the window yesterday.,行为动词一般过去时的结构,主语+动词过去式+其他She watched TV last night.她昨晚看了电视。,肯定句,行为动词一般过去时的结构,主语+did not(didnt)+动词原形+其他She didnt watch TV last night.她昨晚没有看电视。,否定句,行为动词一般过去时的结构,问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他?回答：Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didnt.Did she watch TV last night?她昨晚看电视了吗？Yes,she did./No,she didnt.是的，她看了。/不，她没看。,一般疑问句,行为动词一般过去时的结构,疑问词+一般疑问句What did she do last night?她昨晚做什么了？She watched TV last night.她昨晚看电视了。,特殊疑问句,What did you do the day before yesterday?前天你们做什么了？When did the Green Family arrive?格林一家什么时候到达的？,特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?,易错点1,一般过去时陈述句变为特殊疑问句,易错点1,确定疑问词,一般过去时陈述句变为特殊疑问句,第一步,指人：who/whom事物：what地点：where时间：when/what time原因：why频率：how often长度：how long距离：how far,易错点1,语序变化,一般过去时陈述句变为特殊疑问句,第二步,1)对主语提问语序不变,Your friend came to send an email.,Who came to send an email?,易错点1,一般过去时陈述句变为特殊疑问句,2)对其他成分提问要加助动词did，后边动词需还原。,Sally had a party last night.,When did Sally have a party?,易错点2,一般过去时标志词,易错点3,动词过去式（规则）,易错点3,一般过去时记忆口诀,动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were,have,has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didnt添；疑问句也不难，did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。,动词过去时基本变化规则为“动词原形+ed”。但在英语中，不符合上述变化规则的动词有许多，它们的过去式构成方式独特，因此被称为不规则动词。不规则动词的构成没有什么规律，需要特殊记忆。,易错点3,动词过去式（不规则）,am,iswas areweregowent dodidhavehad comecametaketook saysaideatate seesawgetgot putputsleepslept givegavewritewrote readread,易错点3,动词过去式（不规则）,buybought sitsat swim swam makemade feelfelt hearheard growgrew telltold knowknew findfoundbeginbegan bring broughtstandstood spendspentcatchcaught teachtaught,易错点3,动词过去式（不规则）,易错点4,实义动词需还原,助动词是照妖镜，后边动词现原形。,易错点4,实义动词需还原,-Was Lucy watched TV last night?-Yes,she was.-Did Lucy watched TV last night?-Yes,she did.-Did Lucy watch TV last night?-Yes,she did.析 谓语动词为实义动词时要用did来构成疑问句式。实义动词要用动词原形。,【典例1】给下面的单词写出过去式,考查动词过去式不规则变化。,1.get-2.say-3.have-4.be-5.tell-6.think-7.write-8.drive-9.run-,got,said,had,was,were,told,thought,wrote,drove,ran,【典例2】用所给动词的适当形式填空,考查动词的时态。根据题干1中last year;2中last weekend;3中last night可知三个句子均为一般过去时，选用动词的过去式形式。,1.We _(live)in Japan last year.2.Tom _(clean)my room and _(study)for the Chinese test last weekend.3.What _ you _(do)last night?,lived,cleaned,studied,did,do,【典例3】When will our uncle come to see us?Hell come this weekend.He _ me that by e-mail.A.told B.tells C.will tell D.is telling,考查时态。句意：我们叔叔什么时候过来看我们？这周末来。他写邮件告诉我的。通过上下文推断为一般过去时，tell的过去时为不规则形式told。,【典例4】句型转换（改为一般疑问句）We went to the Summer Palace five days ago._ you _ to the Summer Palace five days ago?,考查一般过去时的一般疑问句结构。一般过去时一般疑问句结构为：Did+主语+动词原形+其他?,Did,go,语法专项课件（What time和When引导的特殊疑问句）,Part,语法透析,考点大观易错辨析通关训练,语法透视,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,What time/When,what time意为“何时，什么时候”。如果询问主语什么时候做某事，可以用“What time do/does+主语+动词原形”句型，what time用来提问具体的时间，此时what time可以和when互换。What time do you get up?=When do you get up?你什么时候起床？,常见句型,语法透视,What time do you usually take a shower,Rick?I usually take a shower at six forty.2.What time does Rick eat breakfast?He eats breakfast at seven oclock.3.When do your friends exercise?They usually exercise on weekends.,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,What time/When用法辨析,语法透视,What time和When都可以对时间进行提问，表示“什么时候”。what time用来询问具体的时间；when既可以用来询问具体的时间点，还可以用来询问时间段。具体用法如下：对时间状语提问时，有时两者可以互换。What time/When do you usually go to school?,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,语法透视,2.向对方询问具体时间时，即几点几分，只能用what time,不能用when。What time is it?Its seven oclock.3.询问年份、月份、日期时，只能用when，不能用what time。When is the Music Festival?Its on January 2nd.,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,What time/When用法辨析,语法透视,解析,_ do you go to school?At 7:00 in the morning.A.When B.How C.What time D.How old,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,Next,语法透视,解析,_ is your birthday?January 19th.A.How B.When C.What time D.How old,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,Next,语法透视,解析,_ do you usually go shopping?On Sundays.When B.WhereC.What D.What time,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,一般现在时,一般现在时,定义:一般现在时。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态,具体运用,1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状语：always,usually,every morning/night/evening/day/week/year,often,sometimes,twice a week,seldom,once a month,on Sundays e.g.I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.I get up at six in the morning.,表达方法,主要通过谓语动词的变化和用时间词语来表示，其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。一般现在时动词变化的规则是：,1.如果主语是名词复数和第一人称I、we，谓语动词不用做任何变化，即仍然用动词原形表示：肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他 否定句 主语+dont+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其他,例 1)We usually go to school at 7:30.我们通常7:30上学去。go 2)My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。,2.主语是单数名词或者是第三人称单数，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点：不可数名词也算作单数处理。肯定句:主语+动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句:主语+doesnt+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句:Does+主语+动词原形+其他 肯定回答:Yes，主语+does 否定回答:No，主语+doesnt 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,1、一般动词，在词尾加 s;如：work-works,live-lives,play-plays,sing-sings.eg:She lives in Ningbo.她住在宁波。2、以/s/z/等音素结尾的动词，词尾加-es，如词尾为e，只加-s.读作/iz/如：teach-teaches,wash-washes.eg:My mother washes the coat.我母亲洗了大衣。,行为动词do一般现在时第三人称单数（he,she,it)的构成规则：,动词变化规律,3.以辅音字母加Y 结尾的词，把Y变I 在加ES，读作Z,Study fly,studies,flied,4.以辅音字母+O结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加es 读作Z,go do,goes,does,5.特殊情况：,have has,EX2 1.Tom often_(get)up at six in the morning 2.The earth _(go)around the sun.3.Marys parent _(live)in Beijing.4.She _(draw)very well.,Ex1.写出下列词的单三形式：look;go;give;fly;have,looks;goes;gives;flies;has,gets,goes,lives,draws,II 一般现在时的否定式,1.Be 动词的否定式:be+not,I am a teacher.You are a workerShe is a doctorWe are friends.,Im not a teacherYou arent a workerShe isnt a doctor.We arent friends.,is not=isntare not=arent,否定句,否定句型,1.谓语动词或助动词是 be、have或者情态动词can/may/must 等，在将助动词后加not.I am not at college.Mr.Wang isnt 50 years old.The Jacksons doesnt have two sons.You may not go now.,2.谓语动词是实义动词，是在谓语动词前加do not 或does not，谓语动词改用动词原型。I dont have lunch at home.They dont play basketball on the sports ground.Mr.Jimmy doesnt know French.,Ex1.将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式,I talk to Peter because I like him.Kate comes from America.Kate works with PeterI am Chinese,and I am a student.They know each other.,I dont talk to Peter because I dont like him.,Kate doesnt come from America.Kate doesnt work with Peter.,I am not Chinese,and I am not a student,They dont know each other.,疑问句型,1.对于谓语动词或助动词是 be、have、can/may/must 等，将这些词移到主语前面。Are you students？Yes,we are./No,we arent.Is Jane in the classroom?Yes,he is./No,he isnt.,疑问句型,Does the house have two rooms?Yes,it does/No,it doesnt.Is there any water in the glass?Yes,there is./No,there isnt.Can you swim?Yes,I can./No,I cant.,2.谓语动词是实义动词，方法是在主语前加助动词do或does构成，句中动词要改用原型动词。do用于第一人称和名词复数，does用于第三人称单数和名词单数或不可数名词。Do you know it？Yes,I do./No,I dont.Does she have a pen？Yes,she does./No,she hasnt.have 这里是实义动词 Do they play basketball after school?Yes,they do./No,they dont.,概念：用 yes 或 no 来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。,III一般疑问句,I am a teacher.You are a worker.He is a student.We are friends.,1.对于BE 动词，疑问句要求把BE 提前，第一人称的单数和复数（I/WE），第一变成第二人称。,疑问句,Are you a teacher?Are you a worker?Is he a student?Are you friends?,2.对于实意动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)时，句子前面加DOES，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加DO，第一人(I/we)称换第二人称(you)。,I often go there.You like the music.He goes to work by bus.We/You/They like it.,Do you often go there?Do you like the music.?Does he go to work by bus?Do you/they like it?,Ex1.请做练习,1.Her parents live in Shanghai.否:Her parents_ in Shanghai.疑：_ her parents_ in Shanghai?.2.You study English.否：You study English.疑：you study English?3.How often Tom football?A.is,play B.do,play C.does,play D.does,plays,dont live,Do,live,Dont,Do,C,请把下列句子变成否定句