西南●[0057]《英语词汇学》网上作业及课程考试复习资料.docx

西南0057英语词汇学网上作业及课程考试复习资料0057英语词汇学 第一次作业 论述题 英语词汇学第一次作业 Definitions Define the following terms with illustrative examples. 1. metonymy 2. dialect 3. translation loan 4. oxymoron 5. clipping 6. conversion 7. hyponymy 8. compounding 9. doublets 10. specialization of meaning 参考答案： 英语词汇学第一次作业参考答案 1. metonymy: Metonymy is one way of meaning transference whereby the name of one thing is changed for that of another, to which it is related by association of ideas. For example, when I say "I am reading Shakespeare (meaning Shakespeare's works), I am using metonymy. 2. dialect: Dialect refers to a variety of a language peculiar to some districts and having no normalized literary form. For example, Shanghai dialect is spoken peculiarly in Shanghai but there's no literary work peculiarly written in Shanghai dialect. 3. translation loans: Translation loans are words and expressions formed from the material already existing in the English language but according to patterns taken from another language by way of literal morpheme-for-morpheme translation. Examples are "land-reform”, "mutual-aid” team, "national bourgeoisie”, etc. 4. oxymoron: Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which two terms that are ordinarily contradictory are combined into one expression for effect, e.g. cruel kindness, a clever fool, etc. 5. clipping: Clipping refers to the word forming process by which a word of two or more syllables is shortened without a change in its function taking place. For example, "advertisement”, "examination”, "gymnasium” all have their clipped form "ad”, "exam”, "gym”. 6. conversion: Conversion is the word forming process whereby a word is changed from one part of speech into another without the addition of an affix. For example, the verb "release” corresponds to a noun "release”. 7. hyponymy: Hyponymy refers to the relationship which obtains between general and specific lexical items (between the genus and the species). The latter is included in the former. The general lexical item is called the superordinate or the upper term, and the specific item the hyponym or the lower term. For example, a cat is a hyponym of the superordinate animal. 8. compounding: Compounding is the word forming process by which two or even more words are joined to form a new entity. For example, "darkroom (meaning a room used for photographic processing') is formed by joining "dark” and "room” into a new word. 9. doublets: Doublets are pairs of words (or group of three), which have arisen from the same original form but have in the course of linguistic development acquired different forms and meanings. E.g. coffee, café name, noun, etc. 10. specialization of meaning: Specialization of meaning is a process whereby a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower sense, in which it is applicable only to some of the objects it had previously denoted, or a word of wide usage is restricted in its application and comes to be used only in a special sense. For example, "meat” originally meant food and drink in general but it presently means flesh of animal used as food. 第二次作业 判断题 英语词汇学第二次作业 True or False Decision Decide whether the following statements are T (true) or F (false). 1. Every word is a unity of sound and meaning, and it is these aspects that make communication possible. 参考答案：正确 判断题 2. Compared with "calculate”, "work out” is more formal in meaning. 参考答案：错误 判断题 3. In the word "modify”, the root is "mod”, the stem is "modi” and the suffix is "-fy”. 参考答案：正确 判断题 4. There are more native words than borrowed words in the English vocabulary. 参考答案：错误 判断题 5. "Sept” in "September” means "nine”. 参考答案：错误 判断题 6. Every word has two aspects: the outer aspect written form and the inner aspect sound. 参考答案：错误 判断题 7. The vocabulary of any language never remains stable, but is constantly changing. 参考答案：正确 判断题 8. Some affixes are free morphemes while some others are bound morphemes. 参考答案：错误 判断题 9. Absolute synonyms can be found in ordinary life, e.g. begin commence. 参考答案：错误 判断题 10. If polysemy is viewed synchronically, it is understood as the growth and development. 参考答案：错误 判断题 11. Simile, metaphor and personification are figures of speech based on resemblances. 参考答案：正确 判断题 12. The person saying "We are short of hands at harvest”, he is using metonymy. 参考答案：错误 判断题 13. Phonologically, compounds can often be identified as having a main stress on the first element and secondary stress on the second element. 参考答案：正确 判断题 14. UNESCO is an initialism referring to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 参考答案：错误 判断题 15. Actual meaning refers to the meaning of an isolated word in a dictionary. 参考答案：错误 判断题 16. Lexical meaning refers to the meaning of word used in a certain context. 参考答案：错误 判断题 17. Most of the English words are polysemic. 参考答案：正确 判断题 18. The commoner a word is, the more meaning it has. 参考答案：正确 判断题 19. American English is characterized by creativeness but not conservativeness in usage. 参考答案：错误 判断题 20. Both word-stress and sentence-stress are weaker in American than in British English, and intonation is more level. 参考答案：正确 判断题 21. The native element in Modern English is mostly monosyllabic. 参考答案：正确 判断题 22. Technically, American English is a dialect in so as it is a regional variety of the language. 参考答案：正确 判断题 23. One particular regional variety is equal to the others in every respect, and none need be regarded as superior. 参考答案：正确 判断题 24. A bilingual dictionary is the dictionary that can be used at least in two languages. 参考答案：错误 判断题 25. Desk dictionaries provide only the spelling and pronunciation of each word with a few most common meanings. 参考答案：错误 判断题 26. "Chair” is the superordinate of "furniture”. 参考答案：错误 判断题 27. The Early Modern English period starts from 1700. 参考答案：正确 判断题 28. "Sampan”, "liche” and "typhoon” are all English words of Chinese origin. 参考答案：正确 判断题 29. All foreign elements in English undergo the process of assimilation. 参考答案：正确 判断题 30. Readers can find both linguistic and non-linguistic information in an encyclopedia. 参考答案：错误 判断题 英语词汇学第二次作业 True or False Decision Decide whether the following statements are T (true) or F (false). 1. We should put our hands on the deck, when we hear "All hands on deck” on a boat. 参考答案：错误 判断题 5. Most of the affixes are derived from Old English, or from Latin and Greek. 参考答案：正确 判断题 6. "wet day” is a compound. 参考答案：错误 判断题 7. In the compound word "blood test”, the second part, i.e. "test”, indicates the action upon the first part. 参考答案：正确 判断题 8. "biz” is a shortened word formed by back clipping. 参考答案：正确 判断题 15. "Manuscript” has gone through a process of extension of meaning to get its present meaning. 参考答案：正确 判断题 19. "cuckoo” is a phonetically motivated word. 参考答案：正确 第三次作业 单选题 英语词汇学第三次作业 Multiple Choice There are30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrasesmarked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase that correctly completesthe sentence. A：horse B：steed C：gee-gee D：nag 参考答案：B 单选题 1.Which of the following usually appears inpoems? 2. which of the following words is of latin origin? a：fast b：firm c：secure d：bath a and b 参考答案：B 单选题 3. Which of the following words is INCORROCT in word formation? A：unhorse B：unmanned C：unfrost D：unhappy 参考答案：C 单选题 4. Which of the following word is NOT a compound? A：small talk B：wet day C：darkroom D：hot dog 参考答案：B 单选题 5. Which of the following is formed by blending? A：pop B：sightsee C：copter D：boatel 参考答案：D 单选题 6. What is the meaning of "nice” in "He is too nice about his food”? A：foolish B：excellent C：very D： particular about small things 参考答案：D 单选题 7. The antonym of "fresh” in "fresh bread” is _. A：stale B：stuffy C：faded D：tired 参考答案：A 单选题 8. We saw a _ of how to revive a person who has been almost drowned. A：exhibition B：demonstration C：spectacle D：show 参考答案：B 单选题 9. I will take you to a most interesting _ of nineteenth century. A：wonder B：exhibition C：exposition D：display 参考答案：B 单选题 10. No new ideas _ from the meeting. A：emerged B：submerged C：merged D：immerged 参考答案：A 单选题 11. After his recovery from illness, he _ his former position. A：assumed B：presumed C：consumed D：resumed 参考答案：D 单选题 12. All our attempts to _ the child from drowning were in vain. A：regain B：recover C：reserve D：rescue 参考答案：D 单选题 13. Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government's _ policies. A：economical B：economy C：economic D：economics 参考答案：B 单选题 14. The main characters in the novel seem so true to life, but actually, they are entirely _. A：imaginary B：imaginative C：imagined D：imaginable 参考答案：A 单选题 15. American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. A：ignored B：neglected C：denied D：refused 参考答案：C 单选题 16. An agreement was _ last Friday by the two parties. A：arrived at B：arrived in C：occurred D：realized 参考答案：A 单选题 17. As _ announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export commodities Fair is also open on Sundays. A：being B：is C：to be D：been 参考答案：B 单选题 18. Before he started the work, I asked the builder to give me an _ of the cost of repairing the roof. A：assessment B：estimate C：announcement D：evaluation 参考答案：B 单选题 19. Communication is the process of _ a message from a source to an audience via a channel. A：transmitting B：submitting C：transforming D：switching 参考答案：A 单选题 20. Contrary _ public opinion, this area has long been a heaven A：with B：to C：at D：for 参考答案：B 单选题 for all forms of insect life. 21. The scientists realized it would be too people in one boat because it was fragile. to ship all A：bold B：daring C：risky D：dangerous 参考答案：C 单选题 22. The football player had studied economics in the university for of roughly six years. A：a decade B：a time C：an age D：a period 参考答案：D 单选题 23. The energy gained from the sun can then be used during the night to enable the necessary chemical reactions to _ in his body. A：precede B：proceed C：progress D：practise 参考答案：B 单选题 24. When Pilot Officer Peter Thwaites was away on business, his neighbor gave his wife _ with the housework. A：an aid B：a help C：a hand D：a lift 参考答案：C 单选题 25. There is a _ of vegetables in Shanghai at the moment because of the cold weather. A：shortage B：want C：need D：desire 参考答案：A 单选题 26. Only the headwaiter has some professional hotel service is rather slow and inefficient. A：learning B：instructing C：teaching D：training so the 参考答案：D 单选题 27. When the Victorians had family reunions, the hosts went their way to entertain the guests. A：in for B：over C：out of D：back on 参考答案：C 单选题 28. When there is conflict use force. A：for B：over C：with D：by 参考答案：B 单选题 territory, animals will commonly 29. Having pushed her son, Eve gave him a dismissive towards the car. A：push B：pull C：draw D：drag 参考答案：A 单选题 30. Mr. Harrington asked his son Clive to buy a his breakfast at the baker's near his school. A：pound B：loaf C：packet D：bag 参考答案：B 第四次作业 论述题 of bread for 英语词汇学第四次作业 Translation Directions: Translating the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Better make friends than make enemies. 2. Our company doesn't need any typewriter. 3. We put quality above quantity. 4. Cloth is sold by the yard or by the meter. 5. The picture is only after Rubens, not by him 6. She clocked 23.5 sec. in the women's 200-meter finals. 7. Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals. 8. He commanded a fleet of thirty sails. 9. The football match was called off on account of the weather. 10. The discovery of this drug marks a break-through in the treatment of cancer. 11. They had a sharp look-out for pickpockets. 12. Over-ambitiousness finally brought about his downfall. 13. Tom outran John in the 100-meter race. 14. Most of the city families have a fridge. 15. Tom is the VIP in our company. 16. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 17. The nation is characterized by industry and courage. 18. Have you seen movies starring Woody Allen? 19. We downed three enemy planes. 20. Great minds think alike. 参考答案： 英语词汇学第四次作业参考答案 1. 冤家宜解不宜结。 2. 我们公司不需要打字机。 3. 在质量与数量两者中，我们更看中质量。 4. 布是论尺或米卖的。 5. 这幅画是临摹鲁本斯的，并非他本人亲作。 6. 在女子200米决赛中，她跑出了23.5秒的成绩。 7. 酒后吐真言。 8. 他指挥一支由三十条船组成的船队。 9. 足球赛因天气原因推迟。 10. 该药品的发现标志着癌症治疗的重大突破。 11. 他们严防小偷。 12. 他的野心导致了他的毁灭。 13. 汤姆在100米短跑中战胜了约翰。 14. 大多数城市家庭都拥有电冰箱。 15. 汤姆是我们公司的重要人物。 16. 覆水难收/ 后悔无用。 17. 这个民族具有勤劳勇敢的特征。 18. 你看过艾伦伍迪主演的电影吗？ 19. 我们打下了三架敌机。 20. 英雄所见略同。 第五次作业 论述题 英语词汇学第五次作业 Questions All these questions are possibly chosen into the final test paper. Choose two of them to answer with examples. 1. What are the characteristic features of English idioms? 2. What are the classifications of homonyms? 3. What are the roles of context in the determination of meaning? 4. What are the origins of English synonyms? 5. What are the ways for foreign elements to enter into the English vocabulary? 6. What are the differences between American English and British English? 参考答案： 英语词汇学第五次作业参考答案 1. What are the characteristic features of English idioms?(See pp. 124-128) English idioms have the following characteristics: 1) Structural stability. An English idiom has an established form, one that has been accepted by traditional usage. No element can be changed in English idioms without destroying the sense as a whole, e.g. "A stitch in time saves nine” cannot be changed to "one stitch in time saves nine.” 2) Semantic unity and lack of motivation. By semantic unity we mean that the member words of an idiom do not possess any lexical meaning outside the integral meaning of the whole. For instance, take off in the sentence "Bill took off Winsten Churchill to perfection” is an idiom since it is a unit of meaning synonymous with "imitate”. The