最全反意疑问句用法.docx

最全反意疑问句用法反意疑问句用法： 一、什么叫反意疑问句： 英语中，反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 二、特殊形式的反意疑问句归纳： 一、There be 句型陈述句比较特殊, 其附加疑问句的结构为there be的倒装，不带句子主语。 例如：There is something wrong with the computer, isn't there? 这台电脑有点毛病，是不是？ There aren't any fish in the river, are there? 这条河里没有鱼, 是吗? 二、当陈述部分的主语是I，而句子又用来征询对方的意见时，附加疑问句中的主语用you。如： I find English very interesting, dont you? I dont like that film, do you? 三、当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。如： This is important, isnt it? That isnt correct, is it? These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they? 四、当陈述部分的主语是everyone, everybody, someone, nobody, no one, none, anyone, somebody等合成不定代词时, 在非正式文体中，附加疑问句中的主语通常用he或they。例如：Someone opened the door, didn't he/they? 有人开了门，是不是？ Nobody went to the cinema, did they? 没人去看电影，是吗？ 五、当陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, something, anything等合成词，附加疑问句中的主语用it。 例如：Nothing serious happened, did it? 什么事情也没有发生，对吗？ Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切准备就绪了，不是吗？ 六、当陈述部分的谓语动词是am的肯定形式时，附加疑问句的谓语动词用aren't，而不用am not;当陈述部分的谓语动词为am not时，附加疑问句的谓语仍用am。 1 例如：I am five years younger than you, aren't I? 我比你小五岁，不是吗？ I am not late, am I? 我没有迟到，对吗？ 七、当陈述部分带有few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, nowhere, nothing, no one, nobody等表示否定或半否定意义的词时，附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式。 例如： The old man can hardly read, can he? 这位老人不识字，对吗？ Little food has been left, has it? 吃的东西几乎没剩下，是吗？ He has few good friends, has he? 他几乎没有要好的朋友，是不是？ 八、当陈述句部分带有否定前缀的词时，此陈述句当作肯定句，其后的附加部分用否定形式。例如：The students were impolite, weren't they? 那些学生没有礼貌，不是吗？ It's illegal to drive a car without a license, isn't it? 没有驾照开车是违章的，不是吗？ He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he? 含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时，其反意疑问句用肯定结构，也可以用否定结构，但是习惯上还是用肯定结构。 例如：You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到，是吗？ 九、当陈述部分是一个主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系，但如果陈述句是主从复合句而主句的谓语是动词I(we) + think, believe, suppose, imagine, except, reckon, fancy等词时，附加部分应与从句中的谓语在时态上保持一致,而且要注意到否定的转移问题。 例如：I suppose you are not serious, are you? 我想你不是当真吧，是吗? We think they have finished their homework, haven't they? 我们认为他们已经完成了家庭作业，不是吗？I believe that you will enjoy the party, won't you? 十、当陈述部分是并列句，附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如： Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldnt he? 2 十一、当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加部分可以不与前面的祈使句的动词保持一致，而是根据不同的用意选用shall, will, can 等。例如： will you, wont you, would you,有时也可用can you, cant you, why dont you, could you等。 Dont open the door, will you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? Take a rest, why dont you? Don't make noise, will you? 不要吵闹，行吗？ Let's help each other, will you/won't you? 让我们互相帮助，好吗？ Let me do it for you, will you/won't you? 让我来帮你做这件事，行吗？ Let us have a look at your new dictionary, will you/won't you? 让我们看一看你的新词典，好吗？ 注Let's开头的祈使句，附加部分常用shall we?或shan't we? 表示征求意见。 Let us/me/him不包括听话人在内开头的祈使句，附加部分则要用will you?或won't you? Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用will you，或用may I。 在反意问句中，表示请求或命令时，用will you；表示建议或劝诱时，用shall we。 如： 我们一起去游泳好吗? 正：Lets go swimming together, shall we? 正：Let us go swimming together, shall we? 让我们跟你一起去好吗? 正：Let us go with you, will you? 误：Lets go with you, will you shall we? lets的否定式可以是lets not, dont lets。 如： Lets not hurry. / Dont lets hurry.我们不要太急。 3 十二、含had better的陈述句，附加部分用助动词had; 含would 的陈述句，附加部分动词用would。例如： You'd better go home now, hadn't you? 你最好现在回家，好不好？ You'd like to see the film, wouldn't you? 你很想看电影，是吗？ 十三、 陈述部分有have to 时，其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如： You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜，对吧？ 十四、陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时，反意疑问句的主语可以用one，也可用you(美式英语用he)。附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one，非正式场合用you,在美国英语中，在非正式场合还可以用he。例如： One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人，是吧？ 十五、当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如： What you need is more important, isn't it？你需要的东西更重要，是吧？ 十六、附加疑问句有时可用Eh? Right? Am I right? Don't you think? Isn't that so?等。例如： She didn't pass the entrance examination, eh? 她没有通过入学考试，呃？ They forgot to attend the lecture, am I right? 他们忘记去上那次课了，对不对？ 十七、must must 的三种反义疑问句 既然多数人感到麻烦我就来讲一讲must反义疑问句的用法。 你记住，must反义疑问句就三种可能： must needn't 变换句式 下面来讲一讲他们分别的用法，一般考试就这三种可能！ 1、mustn'tmust mustn't在陈述句中的意思一般是不允许，禁止，所以他的反义疑问句用must或may 例：You mustn't smoke here, must you?或may you? 4 2、必须needn't 当must在陈述句中作“必须”解时，它的反义疑问句就变成needn't 例：You must go now ,needn't you? 3、变换句式 在must表示推测，做“一定，准是”，简单的说就是must用于虚拟语气时 像数学一样我们引入一个“常量”I am sure that 下面就能你那句话作为例子，我们变换一下。 He must have come yesterday. 变换句式作 I am sure that he came yesterday. 好我们应该分清，反义疑问句问的应该是I am sure that 后面的从句 所以，按照一般反义疑问句的规则得出结果 I am sure that he came yesterday, didn't he? 最后再把句子还原 He must have come yesterday，didn't he? 1当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustnt。如： You must work hard next term, mustnt you? I must answer the letter, mustnt I? 2 Must表推测的反意疑问句的有关用法 1）对现在情况的推测，问句部分用主动词对已发生的过去情况的推测，若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”，而且有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用didn't；若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用haven't或hasn't。如： 1)They must have gone there last night,didn't they? 2)They must have arrived by now,haven't they? 3)They must have been to the Great Wall,haven't they? 3）若是被动，应按被动结构来处理。如： 1)The room must have been cleaned yesterday,wasn't it? 2)The room must have been cleaned,hasn't it? 5 4）若句中有表示过去完成时的时间状语，问句部分应用hadn't.如: They must have learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term,hadn't they? (本题中must表推测，如果将它去掉，还原为真实句就是They had learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term.因此，反意问句是hadn't） 十八、当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usednt或didnt。如： The old man used to smoke, didnt he?或usednt he? Tom used to live here, usednt he?或didnt he? 十九、当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt。如： He ought to know the answer, oughtnt he? We ought to read this book, oughtnt we?或shouldnt we? 二十、感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时，且常用否定形式。如： What a clever boy, isnt he? What a lovely day, isnt it? 二十一、在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? Youll not go, wont you? 二十二、陈述句中的谓语动词是wish，表示愿望时用may，且用肯定形式。如： I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I? 二十三当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have时，疑问部分既可用have形式，也可用do形式。如： You have a new bike, havent you? She doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she? 二十四、带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 二十五、陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 二十六、. 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 6 二十七、陈述部分的主语是each of.结构时，附加疑问句在强调整体时用they，当作个别时用he。 二十八、陈述部分有neither.nor.(either.or.)做并列主语，附加疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 7