Zhejiang textile industry cluster development research and Inspiration5451.doc

Zhejiang textile industry cluster development research and Inspiration Abstract: Zhejiang textile industry cluster is the reform and opening up the phenomenon of the emergence of new economic geography. Many studies have shown that rapid economic development in Zhejiang, a major cause of industrial clusters based on regional characteristics, rapid economic growth and vitality of the resulting enormous support. In this paper, Zhejiang textile industry cluster analysis of the nature of internal development, to promote the economic development of other regions has an important reference.      Key words: Zhejiang textile industry; enterprise clusters; the development of elements; Motive Analysis               A, Zhejiang textile industry cluster development and distribution of           (A) Development of Zhejiang Textile Industry      Zhejiang is China's textile and garment production and export of a large province province, textile and garment industry in the province's industrial production and export trade, occupies an extremely important position. As the province's manufacturing industry employed the largest number of reform and opening up, especially since 1993, Zhejiang textile industry developed rapidly, the production and export of textile and garment industry have achieved rapid growth: Compared with 1978, 2002, the above-scale textile total industrial output value increased by 92.36 times, the total production jumped first in the country; from 1993 to 2004, the province's textile industrial output value rose to 5.928 billion from the 375.114 billion, an increase of 6.34 times the amount of profit also rose to 151.10 from 382 million 100 million, an increase of 39.6 times; 1 in 2005, Zhejiang textile industry achieved sales revenue and total profits account for the national textile product sales revenue and profits in the second place, the proportion of 23.19 and 26.19, respectively; 1 in 1993 to 2003, the textile industry (excluding clothing and other fiber-manufacturing) exports increased by 909 million U.S. dollars to 7.537 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of up to 7.29-fold. A more joyful, in 2004, Zhejiang textile and clothing exports for the first time exceeded Guangdong Province ranks first in the country. At this point, Zhejiang Province, the total annual profit of the textile industry has been ranking first in the country for four consecutive years, total economic output, exports, profits three indicators all rank first in the country.           (B) the distribution of Zhejiang textile industry cluster      In the long process of development, Zhejiang's textile industry and gradually formed as the center of the textile cities large enterprises and enterprise groups and to small and medium enterprises as the main body of the city (county) town, a combination of the textile industry cluster pattern of industrial organization. In 2002, China Textile Industry Association, established the textile base in the country 10 cities (counties) and 29 textile characteristics of the city (town), the textile base in Zhejiang Province to three cities (counties) and 13 characteristics of cities and towns in a leading position.           Second, Zhejiang textile industry cluster development elements of           1. Geography. Zhejiang lacks natural resources, largely based on agriculture industry of the provinces. Sheng Shihao in the study area of Jiaxing Xiuzhou reasons for the rise of synthetic fabrics industry groups found: The family-run industries are mainly chemical fiber fabrics originated in the area north films Tatara village, resulting in the new rural village? The reason is that many people fewer contradictions. New rural per capita arable land area of only 1.0535 acres, at least for the township was significantly lower than 1.38 acres of the region's average of 23.9%, an objective of getting the villagers to look for other ways to get rich.      2. Social and cultural. Zhejiang regional economic development and its unique social and cultural traditions, especially the impact of commercial culture has very close ties. First of all, many parts of Zhejiang Province has a long history of development of commodity economy, focusing on practical, utilitarian-oriented, emphasis on industrial, commercial, no-nonsense 3 that the pursuit of material wealth and secularization tendencies, not only a profound impact on economic motives parties, but also affect the the values of government staff, and ultimately influence government behavior and policy, to become a tremendous force for regional economic development, and secondly, Zhejiang available to break the spirit or spirit of innovation.      3. Economic system. Since the founding of New China, the state has not been large-scale investment in Zhejiang. Zhejiang has caused a lot of objective areas, especially in rural areas are not only large industrial cities in the radiation, can not rely on national efforts to develop the local economy. In this way, small amounts of money without a lot of technology and labor-intensive processing industries come into play. Such as: Kids of all Zhili Town, Huzhou City. Century, 80 years, the local people self-production and marketing of embroidered pillowcases, bedspread, and gradually nurtured the nation's largest children's wear market.      4. Political. Zhejiang textile industry cluster development and local governments and officials at all levels of the system behavior of the relaxed attitude of innovation and daring and good leadership style, has a necessary link. Zhejiang, local governments, in particular, the following county-level local governments, for their own interests, to promote local economic growth has a strong motive. Second, the closer to the masses to understand the historical tradition of grass-roots level with the actual situation, resulting in their best adapted to local conditions for the region to develop appropriate industrial policies. For example, Asia's largest textile distributing center in China Textile City, Shaoxing, in the 20th century, mid-to late 90s. Start a marked trend of international development, the original fabric consisting mainly of a single domestic business within the pattern of gradually being replaced by the pattern of export simultaneously, Shaoxing County County Government put forward in due course transform and elevate the Textile City, "to build international textile trade center" of the work of thinking to develop appropriate policies to accelerate the international development of the textile city of momentum.           3, Zhejiang textile industry cluster analysis of motivation           Zhejiang textile industry of the characteristics of the economy "is a specific period of development in China (eg, shortage economy, the dual economic structure, economies in transition, etc.), relying on the role of endogenous non-governmental forces to be formed and developed" 4, on the whole is still mainly based on horizontal integration division of linkages of SMEs cluster economy.      Zhejiang textile industry cluster from the promotion of the law of evolution, the development of power as follows:      1. Entrepreneurial spirit. Regional economics and economic geography scholars, regardless of Manai Ke (Malecki) of "entrepreneurs are a key role in economic change", or flying Cogan (COFFEY) and Indiana (POLESE) a "place where entrepreneurs the center of the process of economic development ", are giving full recognition to the entrepreneurs in the regional economy in the development of important functions. (1) technological innovation. That a small number of entrepreneurs in the discovery of new products, new uses, new markets or new production process and so on, these acts commercial success, it is often the general public will be learning and imitation, similar products or business continue to emerge, to a certain extent, the new regional characteristics the economy will emerge. Regeneration of eye-lun Wenzhou Cangnan Yishan the emergence of industrial clusters in the case of this kind. Turkish textile tradition known as Yishan, 1979, Chen's two brothers, the first eye-lun overcome technical difficulties, the first generation of locally spun yarn of renewable eyes lun. As renewable acrylic product prices low, to 1986 Yishan has all kinds of textile machinery and 33000 units, employing over 51800 people. (2) system innovation. Zhejiang textile industry characteristics of the underlying mechanism of economic development lies in the implementation of the first series of system innovation. Founded in 1994, China's top ten women's brands, with annual sales of nearly 40 million, more than 170 chain stores, business assets hundred million Metersbonwe, their road to success is to take a "virtual" business strategy. Production, it is not to take some of the products or components outsource, but rather the implementation of outsourcing by the chicken-processing plant without a virtual production. It limited resources company focused on product design and brand management on all products manufacturing process entirely by other companies. Sales to take franchising business strategy. Through contracts, transfer of the concession to give franchisees. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download http:/      2. The advantages of geographical concentration. Zhejiang textile industry characteristics, there is a clear geographical concentration of economic characteristics. For example, Ningbo garment enterprises, mainly concentrated in Yinzhou District, Town to Town, Fenghua City, about 15 kilometers Jiangkou within the area; Zhuji Datang Datang Hosiery production mainly around the town center, including the town of Motta in 11 townships; Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing, chemical fiber fabrics industry clusters, mainly located in the town center Congjiang Jing towns north films are distributed in seven towns of professional and 64 professional villages, the regional area of 200 square kilometers.      3. Specialized division of labor and collective action. Zhejiang textile industry, the characteristics of the economy in Zhejiang's economy has been able to have such an important position and role of SMEs within the cluster division of labor in close collaboration between the great relationship. For example, chemical fiber fabrics Xiuzhou district of Jiaxing industry cluster. Chemical fiber fabrics industry within the region, from raw materials (yarn) production, supply of equipment, the former Road (pull through, twisting), weaving, dyeing, cutting dyeing, flocking, to have a relatively tight product sales division. Basically formed an industrial chain of mutual cooperation. The collective action is different between subjects for a number of common goals, sense of cooperation and action to promote the coordination of regional characteristics, the advantages of economy as a whole. If Cixi Sheng Shan Garment Association by signing up for "Goulet" trademark, scattered in a production of an enterprise together, instead using the "Goulet" trademark, in order to strengthen the competitiveness of export products.      4. Social capital adequacy. Social capital refers to the development of commodity economy and a meaningful historical traditions, cultural environment, labor quality. First of all, many parts of Zhejiang Province has a long history of development of commodity economy tradition. For example, a Ningshao Hangjiahu boat business district has a long tradition and a large number of craftsmen. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province handicrafts and has been the commercial center; Ningbo red to help tailor, Shaoxing's textile industry, enduring, Huzhou silk industry, and other well-known abroad. Second, Zhejiang with diligence, daring, innovative spirit. Finally, in China, due to the Confucian family value system and respect the authority of Marxist influence, all commercial relations to interpersonal networks as a basis. For example, chemical fiber fabrics Xiuzhou district of Jiaxing industry cluster is a family business based, blood affinity, geo-Xiang Yi, and the industry margin, line edge for the little girl band, cluster exchange of visits between enterprises, operators of non-loom into the room AC, to promote information dissemination and popularization of new technologies. The early 90s, and a half months more than half of tens of thousands of Taiwan looms produce the same product. Although the situation will significantly shorten the product life cycle, inducing vicious competition, but it also shows that the proliferation of product information in the group velocity.           Fourth, Zhejiang textile industry cluster development of the Enlightenment           1. Industrial clusters to enhance regional competitiveness and effective shortcut. Any region, even in developed countries can not in all industries have a competitive advantage. Therefore, any provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and to enhance regional competitiveness, the need to resources to meet the needs of regional economic development, while the maximum to the region a competitive edge in industrial agglomeration. This is the best to enhance regional competitiveness, and the only way.      2. To strengthen local government control and service functions. Moderate levels of local government involvement in the development of regional industry clusters is particularly important. The role of local government guidance and control, both the traditional functions, such as: infrastructure, financial support, industrial park planning, standardize the market order; also includes an extension of service areas, such as regional marketing strategy, social credit system building. Meanwhile, the government should strengthen inter-regional communication and exchange with each other to promote inter-regional resources and rational allocation of free activities.      3. To enhance regional innovation capacity to promote change in the cluster. Looking at the world industrial cluster development path we can see that the form of cluster development are: innovative, high quality, functional flexibility and good working environment is characterized by elevated European success of industrial clusters; are also similar to the Zhejiang textile industry cluster, only low-cost, low-cost materials, a large number of labor flexibility and lower labor costs based on the lower road or a mixture of both the lower road. As the liberalization of world trade will lead to the price of Zhejiang Industrial firms in cluster comparative advantage continued to weaken. Therefore, local governments should be supported through technical education, research and development tax incentives and subsidies leading manufacturer of innovative activities to promote the cluster shape changes.           References: