The Element of Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plants.doc

Summary Report of the 2nd Research Coordination Meeting onThe Element of Inertial Fusion Energy Power PlantsVienna, Austria, IAEA Headquarters, 4-7 November 2003Prepared byThe Participants of the CRPandR. MiklaszewskiIAEA, Physics SectionAbstractThis report contains a summary of the 2nd Research Coordination Meeting for the Coordinated Research Project entitled, “The Elements of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) Power Plants,” held at the IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Austria, from 4 to 7 November 2003. The goal of the project is to promote and support international collaboration on various aspects of IFE power plants with a focus on addressing interface issues for drivers, targets and chambers. This report includes abstracts of the activities that the participants described in oral presentations at the meeting. Copies of the presentations have been posted on the web site: http:/aries.ucsd.edu/LIB/MEETINGS/0310-IAEA-IFE-CRP/index.shtmlTable of Contents1) Introduction and Summary2) Abstracts of Activities of the ParticipantsAppendix A: Agenda for Research Coordination MeetingAppendix B: List of CRP Attendees1. Introduction and SummaryFusion research is proceeding effectively to develop a new energy source that is abundant, safe, environmentally acceptable, and economical. There are two major approaches, Magnetic Fusion Energy (MFE) and Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE). The basic physics of IFE (compression and ignition of small fuel pellets containing deuterium and tritium) is becoming increasingly well understood. New megajoule-class laser facilities under construction in the USA and in France are expected to demonstrate ignition and energy gain in this decade. Fusion reactor design studies indicate that IFE power plant are feasible and have attractive cost, safety and environmental features.In December of 2000, the IAEA approved the start of a Coordinated Research Project on the Elements of IFE Power Plants. The overall objective of this CRP is to stimulate and promote the Inertial Fusion Energy development by improving international cooperation. The first Research Coordination Meeting (RCM) for the CRP on the Elements of IFE Power Plants was held 21-24 May 2001 at the IAEA Headquarters in Vienna, Austria. Documentation from that meeting is found at:http:/aries.ucsd.edu/PUBLIC/IAEAIFECRP/meetings.shtmlThe second RCM was held 4-7 November also at IAEA Headquarters in Vienna. The meeting agenda is given in Appendix 1. This summary report is a compilation of the abstracts submitted by the participants. In general, full papers were not submitted for this meeting. Copies of the presentations given by the participants have been posted on the web site indicated above.Participants reported that some collaboration had begun but felt that more could be accomplished. Discussions between participants at the meeting started to lay the groundwork for new or enhanced collaborations. The responsibility for follow-up on these ideas was left to the individuals involved and was not documented at the meeting. The group agreed to think about and propose ideas for the next phase of the CRP, as this one will end in 2004. It was suggested that participants circulate ideas for follow-on by mid-2004 so that discussions could occur before the next RCM, which is scheduled for 14-15 October 2004 in Daejon, Republic of Korea. This RCM will be held in conjunction with the Third Technical Meeting on the Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion Energy Targets and Chambers (11-13 October).2. Abstracts of Activities of ParticipantsAbstracts follow in order of the presentations. Only the first author is listed here.Wayne Meier (USA), “Update of IFE Research at LLNL”Boris Sharkov (RUSSIA), “IFE Research at ITEP-Moscow”Manuel Perlado (SPAIN), “Progress in Materials Analysis for IFE Reactors at the Instituto de Fusion Nuclear”Dieter Hofmann (GERMANY), “Basic Physics for Inertial Fusion Energy in High Energy Density Physics with Intense Heavy Ion and Laser Beams. Present and Future Prospects of High Energy Density in Matter Research at GSI”Elena Korosheva (RUSSIA), “Development of a Full-Scaled Scenario for Repeatable IFE Target Fabrication and Injection based on the FST Technologies”Dan Goodin (USA), “Target Fabrication and Injection for Inertial Fusion Energy”Stanislav Medin (RUSSIA), “Design Concept of Fast-Ignition Heavy Ion Fusion Power Plant”Farrokh Najambadi (USA), “Assessment of IFE Chambers and Research Activities on IFE Chambers and Optics at UC San Diego”P. Calderoni (USA), “Feasibility Exploration of Vapor Clearing Rates for IFE Liquid Chambers: Transient Condensation of Lithium Fluoride Excited Vapors for IFE Systems”Koichi Kasuya (JAPAN), “Peripheral Elements and Technology Associated with Pulsed Power Inertial Fusion: Part 2 and Appendix”Hong Jin Kong (KOREA), “Feasibility Study of the Application of Phase Locking of a Beam Combination with SBS-PCM for Unlimited Highly Repetitive High Power Laser Systems over 10 Hz”Rudraiah Nanjundappa (INDIA), “Effects of Magnetic Field, Laser Radiation and Nano Structure Porous Lining at the Ablative Surface of IFE Target”Milan Kalal (CZECH REPUBLIC), “Thermal Smoothing by Laser Produced Plasma of Porous Matter”Minami Yoda (USA), “Hydrodynamics of Liquid Protection Schemes for Inertial Fusion Energy Reactor Chamber First Walls”Jerzy Wolowski (POLAND), “Investigation of the High-Z Laser-Produced Plasma with the use of Ion Diagnostics for Optimization of the Laser Interaction with Hohlraum-type Targets”István Földes (HUNGARY), “Laser Plasma Research in Hungary Related to the Physics of Fast Ignitors”Rajababby Khaydarov (UZBEKISTAN), “Investigation of Secondary Processes by Interaction of Plasma Streams with Various Materials”Craig Olson (USA), “Z-Pinch Inertial Fusion Energy”Update on IFE Research at LLNLWayne Meier, Ryan Abbott, John Barnard, Andy Bayramian, Camille Bibeau, Debbie Callahan, Alex Friedman, Mike Key, Jeff Latkowski, Steve Payne, John Perkins, Max TabakLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryP.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USASynopsisLawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is engaged in a broad range of activities that support the development of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE). The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is being constructed at LLNL, and experiments are already being conducting with the first group of beamlines. The demonstration of ignition on NIF will be an important milestone for IFE. The current schedule calls for completion of all 192 beams by 2009. The ignition campaign will take several years with ignition planned for 2011 or 2012. Our target design work includes target concept development and detailed computer simulations to determine the performance of various types of targets (heavy-ion, laser, fast-ignition). In the past year, work on heavy ion targets has shifted from the distributed radiator design to the hybrid target that will accommodate large beam spot sizes. For direct-drive laser targets, LLNL has completed implosion calculations using a picket-spike pulse shape, which improves stability of high gain targets. LLNL is conducting experimental and theoretical work on fast ignition and is exploring the possibility of adding PW capability to NIF. LLNL scientists are working with others around the world to understand the physics of the generation and propagation of electrons and ions produced by PW lasers for fast ignition. LLNL has significant activities in both heavy-ion and laser driver development. LLNL is a key member of the Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) Virtual National Laboratory (VNL) that is responsible for developing the science and technology base for using a heavy ion accelerator as a driver for IFE. Several small-scale experiments are being conducted as part of this collaboration including the source/injector test stand (STS), high current experiment (HCX), and neutralized transport experiment (NTX). The next major facility proposed is the Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX). Our Diode Pumped Solid State Laser (DPSSL) program is developing an efficient, high-repetition-rate laser as a candidate driver. The Mercury laser has already operated with one amplified head and generated 34 J in single shot and 114 W in average power 5 Hz operations. When the second amplifier head is installed, Mercury is expected to reach its goals of 100 J and 10 Hz at 10% efficiency. Work also continues on chamber and power plant design studies for both heavy-ion and laser-driven IFE. For the heavy ion driver, the focus continues to be on the thick liquid wall chamber using molten salt. An updated heavy ion fusion power plant design, referred to as the Robust Point Design was completed last year. For laser IFE, the XAPPER pulse x-ray exposure experiment is being used to study damage to candidate materials for first walls and final optics. Currently we have national and international collaborations in all of theses areas. This talk gives an update on progress since the last Research Coordination meeting. *Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-ENG-48.IFE Research at ITEP-MoscowBoris Sharkov, Nikolai Alexeev, Dimitry Koshkarev, Pavel Zenkevich, Michael Basko, Michael Churazov, Alexander Golubev, Alexander Fertman, Sergei KondrashevInstitute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP-Moscow) is engaged in a broad range of Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) activities supported by Minatom of the Russian Federation. The heavy ion terawatt accumulator facility (ITEP-TWAC) is being constructed at ITEP, and the non-Liouvillian scenario of the beam accumulation-acceleration has been proven and commissioned. Experiments are already being conducted with the first beams of carbon ions. The current schedule calls for completion of the intensity upgrade in year the 2006 aiming at 1 TW power of a Cu 27+ ion beam concentrated on a 1 mm spot diameter. Our target design work includes target concept development and detailed computer simulations to determine the performance of various types of heavy-ion targets with fast-ignition. In the past years, work on heavy ion targets has shifted from the indirect-drive target concept to a directly driven cylindrical target option that will accommodate hollow beam irradiation of hollow cylinder by 100 GeV Pt+/Pt- ion beams. ITEP is conducting theoretical and experimental work aimed at fast ignition by heavy ion beams and is exploring the possibility of adding a 300 MHz RF beam wobbling system to the experimental beamline of the TWAC facility.ITEP is a key member of the Research Council of Russian Academy of Science (RAS) that is responsible for analysis and development of the science and technology base for IFE. This Council brings together the groups from numerous institutes of Minatom RF and RAS pursuing the development of the Heavy Ion IFE power plant concept. The considerations of heavy ion fusion power plant concept based on the fast ignition principle for fusion targets are under development. The cylindrical target is irradiated subsequently by a hollow beam in compression phase and by an ignition beam at the burning phase. The ignition is provided by the high energy 100 GeV Pt ions of different masses accelerated in RF-linac. The efficiency of the driver is taken 25%. The main beam delivers 5 MJ energy and the ignition beam 0.4 MJ to the target. Cylindrical DT filled target provides 600 MJ fusion yield, of which 180 MJ appears in X-rays and ionized debris and 420 MJ in neutrons. The repetition rate is taken as 2 Hz per reactor chamber.The first wall of the blanket employs “liquid wall” approach, particularly the wetted porous design. The lithium-lead eutectic is used as a coolant, with initial surface temperature of 550°C. Computation of neutronics results in blanket energy deposition with maximum density of the order of 108J/m3. The heat conversion system consisting of three coolant loops provides the net efficiency of the power plant of 35%.Substantial contributions to the field have been achieved recently in numerous national and international collaborations. In this phase, the progressing activities are oriented towards theoretical and experimental investigations of the state of matter under extreme conditions, experimental and theoretical study on heavy ion beam-plasma interaction, powerful driver issues and to development of computer codes for comprehensive numerical simulations of heavy ion driven IFE in source-to-target scenario. International collaboration plays significant role in ITEP activities. ITEP scientists are working with other laboratories around the world to explore the physics of beam-plasma interaction and High Energy Density physics. The experiments are conducted by joint groups at GSI-Darmstadt, Orsay (France) and in RIKEN (Tokyo). As soon as the beam intensity of the ITEP-TWAC facility provides specific energy deposition level above 1 kJ/g, the joint international experiments will start.This talk gives an update on the progress in ITEP experimental and theoretical activities since the last Research Coordination meeting. *Work performed under the auspices of the Ministry of Atomic Energy of Russian Federation under contract No. 2003/996.Progress in Materials Analysis for IFE Reactors at the Insituto de Fusión NuclearJ.M. Perlado, O. Cabellos, M.J. Caturla+, E. Domínguez, R. Falquina, D. Lodi*, J. Marian, F. Mota, A. Rodríguez, M. Salvador, J. Sanz, M. VelardeInstituto de Fusión Nuclear (DENIM) / E.T.S.I.I./ Universidad Politécnica de Madridalso* SCK CEN (Belgium), CALTECH (USA), +Universidad Alicante (Spain)J. Gutiérrez Abascal, 2 / 28006 Madrid (Spain) mperladodin.upm.esTime-dependent neutron fluxes at the Structural Material behind protections of Flibe and LiPb have been obtained including energy spectra, for different target implosion and compositions. A long-term program on Reduced Activation Ferritic Alloys (RAFM) is being pursued macroscopically in Fusion Programs, and a very efficient lifetime is actually envisioned that will be compared with that estimated in IFE reactor. However, from our simulations, comprehension of basic mechanisms of radiation damage is not fully understood to obtain predictive consequences. The level of multiscale simulation in comparison with microscopic experiments is presently out of range, and the results on the simplest material representing such steels (Fe) give some preliminary comparison that will be presented. The value of techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Positron Annihilation and Atom Probe is remarked and located in their corresponding hole, and their comparisons with simulations will be remarked. Si