中西方饮食文化差异.doc

题 目： 从饮食角度透析中西方 文化差异 姓 名： 王林娜 学 号： 201003030068 系 别： 外国语学院 专 业： 英 语 年级班级： 2010级专升本3班 指导教师： 王轶普 李军征 2012 年5月 The Analysis of Chinese and Western Cultural Differences from the Perspective of DietSubmitted by Wang LinnaStudent ID number 201003030068Supervised by Wang Yipu Li JunzhengA paper submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Arts The College of Foreign LanguagesZhoukou Normal UniversityMay, 2012毕业论文（设计）作者声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。本人完全了解有关保障、使用毕业论文的规定，同意学校保留并向有关毕业论文管理机构送交论文的复印件和电子版。同意省级优秀毕业论文评选机构将本毕业论文通过影印、缩印、扫描等方式进行保存、摘编或汇编；同意本论文被编入有关数据库进行检索和查阅。本毕业论文内容不涉及国家机密。论文题目： 从饮食角度透析中西方文化差异作者单位： 周口师范学院外国语学院2010级专升本3班作者签名： 2012 年 5月Contents摘 要. iAbstract.iiI. Introduction.1II. Chinese and Western Diet Cultures.2 2.1 Definition of the Diet Culture.2 2.2 Characteristics of Chinese Diet Culture.3 2.3 Characteristics of the Western Diet Culture.4III. Differences between Chinese and Western Diet Cultures.5 3.1 Aristotelian School: MetaphorA Device of Rhetoric.6 3.1.2 Differences between Chinese and Western Diet Contents.9 3.1.3 Differences between Chinese and Western Diet Patterns.10 3.2 Differences between Chinese and Western Diet Manners.12 3.3 Differences between Chinese and Western Diet Tablewares.12IV. The Future Prospects of the Diet Cultures.14V. Conclusion.15Bibliography.16Acknowledgments.17摘 要 饮食是人类生活、发展的需要，在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成自己独特的文化。众所周知，饮食占据着世界文化中很重要的一部分，由于文化传统的差异，导致中西方饮食文化的差异。文章首先介绍中西方饮食文化各自的特点，然后从饮食观念、饮食内容、饮食方式、饮食礼仪等方面分析中西方饮食文化的差异，最后探讨中西方饮食文化的未来。本文通过对中西方饮食文化差异的分析，探究中西方各自的文化传统。随着中西方交流日趋国际化和不断的融合，中西方饮食也会进一步得到发展，这样可以更好地加强中西方文化交流，促进中国饮食文化的改善与创新。关键词: 文化传统；饮食文化；差异Abstract Diet is necessary for peoples life, survival and development. During the development of the human society, diets of each country gradually developed into their own unique culture. As we all know, the diet plays an important role in the world culture. This thesis mainly explores the differences between Chinese and western diet culture. The different culture between China and the west created the differences diet culture between China and the west. Different countries have their own diet culture. In the first part, the different characteristics of diet between China and the west are introduced; in the second part, their differences are analyzed from several detailed aspects of concept, content, manner, tableware, etiquette and so on; at last, the future of diet between China and the west are talked about. By the comparison and analysis, we can know about the different cultural traditions well in different countries. And as the communication between China and the west tend to the integration and the internationalization, Chinese and the west diet culture will be further developed. All in all, understanding the differences of diet culture will not only play a significant role to promote the cultural communication between China and the west, but also have the deep influence on promoting and creating diet culture of our country.Key words: cultural tradition; diet culture; differencesThe Analysis of Chinese and Western Cultural Differences from the Perspective of DietI. Introduction Diet is the first need for humans survival and development; also it is one of the basic forms in our common life. Just as Li Yuan said: “From the diet idea, the diet object as well as the diet manner and so on several aspects have done the research to the western dietary culture, national character and values” (183). He also said: “Diet is essential for human survival conditions, and is the most important event. As far as the differences between Chinese and western diet, there are also some kinds of differences, and after the analysis we can insight into the differences in the aspects of national figures, the national psychology, national culture character, and so on” (qtd. In Toner 24).Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western diet cultures have many different characteristics. The differences in concepts, manners, and patterns and so on had reflected the different diet culture in the different state characters; such characters have enriched the research value of diet culture. The paper aimed to find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject. It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures (Desmond 229; Linden 173).II. Chinese and Western Diet Culture2.1 Definition of Diet Culture Diet culture is an important part of human culture. “Diet, as an essential prerequisite for existence, is any substance that provides the nutrients necessary to maintain life and growth when ingested” (Pamela & Kathryn 2). It has two definitions in broad sense and narrow sense. Fitzgeralds narrator captures Gatsby in a moment of isolation: “A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host” (56; ch. 3). In the broad sense, diet culture has something in common with cooking culture, and it is considered as the counterpart of the latter. Generally speaking, cooking culture refers to the total amount of material and spirit treasure which is created and accumulated during the long period of diet production and procession by the human being. It is about what diet human makes, and how to make. 2.2 The Characteristics of Chinese Diet CultureChina has a vast, vast territory and abundant resources. The climate，products，and customs varied in different regions and after a long-lasting procession finally shaped their own diet features. On the whole, characteristics of multi-cuisine, color, flavor and shape of diet culture are wonderful, and often a famous dish with a beautiful and moving legend story. There always been many cooking books to study. 2.3 The Characteristics of Western Diet Culture The characteristics of western-style diet mainly have some aspects: first, its fresh. Such as a dish of beefsteak with blood capillary; second, its cold. Such as the drink added pieces of ice; third, Its sweet. A dish without sweet is not considered a meal. Every meal has a sweet dish. In addition the western-style dining is not fastidious fine, the pursuit is quick and convenient, also is not luxurious, but with popularity. In addition, Western has the following notable features: (1) It emphasizes on combinations of various nutrients, arranges according to the needs of the body of various nutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins) and heat to make the dish or process cooking. (2) The choice of materials is fine, and using materials is widely. Western cooking in the choice of materials is very fine, elegant, and with a very wide scope in choosing materials. Such as the U.S production of vegetables are commonly used in fruit materials, a united taste that is salty and sweet; Italian diet materials often use all kinds of pasta to make into dishes: various facets, noodles, flour with flowers shape can be made into delicious gallery cuisines. (3) Pays attention to seasoning, spices kinds are various. Western cooking spices are mostly different from Chinese ones, such as yogurt-oil, bay leaf, lemon and so on. They are commonly used as spices. (4) Pays attention to color. Western diet pays attention to the contrast in color aspect. For example, a dish “French-style rack of lamb” with mashed potatoes up，lamb Chops beside，cooked green beans with the other side and a few pieces of tomatoes. Thus bright color can stimulate the appetite. (5) The process is rigorous, with some various cooking methods. The west attaches great importance to the process, pays attention to scientific procedures, and rigorous processes. Western cooking has a dozen of kinds in many ways to make, such as fried, braised, roasted, stewed, baked, fried, smoked, grilled, and so on featuring the ways of grilled, roasted, and baked. (6) Pays attention to utensils. Cooking cookware and tableware are different from the Chinese ones. Especially on the aspects of tableware, crystal, glass and various types of metal cutlery accounted for a large proportion in addition to porcelain products.III. The Differences between Chinese and Western Diet CulturesChina has a long history of five thousand years, while the west only has about six hundred years history. China has a diet culture that is colorful, profound and excellent, while the west has its own special culture. Now wed like to talk about the differences between these two cultures from the following aspects:3.1 Differences between Chinese and Western Diet ConceptsThe different cultures between China and the west create a different cultural diet of China and the west, and these differences are mainly from a different way of thinking and philosophy of life between China and the west. The Chinese people pays attention to the concept of “Heaven and Man”, while in the west, they focus on the concept of “people-oriented”. The west is a kind of rational diet concept. No matter what diet colors, tastes and shapes are, the nutrition needs certainly to be obtained the guarantee that is fastidious about one day to absorb how many quantity of heat, Vitamin, protein and so on. A look at the information, like the number of calories per serving, grams of fat, sodium, cholesterol, fiber and sugar content will make you more knowledgeable in selecting diets to reduce your nutritional health risk. “As a matter of fact, in America, diet habits are often identified as the most important way in which a person can maintain health” (Pamela & Kathryn 38-39). For example, Confucius also mentioned several conditions, under which he would not like to eat: “He did not eat sour or moldy rice, putrid fish, or tainted meat. Anything discolored, or of a bad smell or badly cooked, he would not eat. He did not eat meat which was not properly cut or a dish without its proper sauce (ibid 45)”. In short, in the mind of Chinese people, cuisine is not merely to satisfy the stomach, but also to please the eyes, the nose, the imagination, the mind and the soul. A bright, pleased and harmonious color is one of the main principles when cooking Chinese diet. To achieve this, two or three ingredients with different colors are added as decoration to complement the main ingredients. 3.2 Differences between Chinese and Western Diet Content Western countries adhering to the nomadic, seafaring peoples cultural origin, living by hunting, breeding, and the mainly traditional diet practices are living by animal feeds. So westerners were called the animal character. The diet with high-calorie and high fat adapt to the Geography and climate in the higher latitudes. Combined cooked vegetables and with raw ones, and mostly they are showed in a vegetable salad shape.3.3 Differences between Chinese and Western Diet Pattern The diet pattern between China and the west is greatly different; this kind of difference is also influential to the national disposition. In China, in any banquet, no matter what any goal is, only will have one form, thats everybody seated in a circle at the round table, shares one feast. When a banquet is held, usually ten to twelve people sit around a table to enjoy the bounteous feast. Delicious hot and cold dishes with different tastes and flavors cooked in different ways are served. Together with the diversified colors of the dishes, everyone can not help marveling at the rich Chinese diet culture. The banquet must use the round table. This formally has created one kind of unity, politeness, and the interest atmosphere. The delicious delicacies always be placed at a table of persons center, it is not only the object which people can appreciate, taste, but also is a table of person sentiment exchange intermedium. The people propose a toast mutually, offer food and vegetables to guests mutually. 3.4 Differences between Chinese and Western Diet Manners Its even more different in the aspect of manner between China and the west. In China, there are many table manners. First, sometimes the Chinese host uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness. If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food there. Second, dont stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Instead, lay them on your dish. Third, when many people have dinner together, its impolite just to eat yourself. Do not put the extra rice back into the pot, do not specifically cohered food, and do not winnow the hot meals. And after dinner, guests should get up to pack to move the platter on the table, and give it to the owner, the owner got up and followed, tell the guests do not work, then the guests sit down again. Some of these rituals are also necessary in modern manners. 3.5 Differences between Chinese and Western Diet TablewaresThe chopsticks are the main tableware in China. China is the hometown of chopsticks. “The application of chopsticks as the chief tableware can be traced back as early as the Shang and Chou periods, although hands were probably used more often than chopsticks” (Chang 35).3.5.1 Differences in materialThe tablewares are also supplemented by spoons, cups, plates, bowls and dishes with different shapes. Diet is treat