英文介绍英国皇室历史 礼仪 及其婚姻.doc

学士学位毕业论文学号: 20084092221浅析英国皇室生活，论其在英国社会中的作用学生姓名：许莹莹指导教师：季颖所在学院：文理学院专 业：英语中国·大庆 2011年10月Analysis of the British royal family lives, on their role in British societyName: Xu YingyingInstructor: Ji YingCollege: Arts & ScienceMajor: EnglishHeilongjiang BaYi Agricultural UniversityDaqing·ChinaOctober, 2011Analysis of the British royal family lives, on their role in British societyIn reviewing the history of British colonialism, when the globe, how to maintain the British empire, gunboats are the most common reason that people mention, on the other hand, some historians believe that this seemingly nothing without the king , but very strong bond, the sun does not and can not from the empire to maintain national unity and stability of psychological cohesion.British royal family for today's Commonwealth, the Empire is not the old days of intangible assets, highly respected in the international community. After the disintegration of the British Empire, in order to maintain the independent sovereign state with the link between the establishment of the Commonwealth today. Many independent countries have joined the organization. The Queen is nominally the head of the Commonwealth. She always kept in mind to fully use their influence to strengthen solidarity between Member States, continue to play an active role by the international respect. King's symbolic significance for the colony, the former British colony of Zimbabwe because of human rights and corruption issues with the British government against each other, but never denied that the king's admiration for the British love of love. The supreme ruler of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe said in many interviews in both, "we still love the king." Held in Australia in 2000, all citizens vote, the majority of the people or the retention of the Queen of England to continue as Australia's head of state.However, the current view of the world situation and the people within the royal family in the waning influence, the abolition of the monarchy was also controversial. From 1910 to 1979, Portugal announced the short-lived Republic of the Central African Empire fall, most of the sovereign States are the two world wars against cyclones, while others were rising, and today continues a wave of anti-colonialism overwhelmed. Shortly after 2006, the British royal family announced plans in April that the British Queen Elizabeth II to celebrate the eightieth birthday. British royal family web site also contains a large number of Elizabeth II on the throne in 1952, has been involved in a major event in the picture. The most attention as the world's only remaining of the "constitutional monarchy", one of the Queen when it will pass in the end position, and how to arrange her transfer position, once again set off the discussion of the abolition of the monarchy.Although the British throne transmission problem does not exist, but the new king ascended the throne in order is not an easy task. Everything is because of the British Prince Charles - Queen's evaluation has been the legal successor to the poor. In 2005, Prince Charles and Camilla decided, a childhood understanding of the aristocratic female remarriage, a poll has revealed that nearly 23% of the British Queen Jiabeng that, after considering whether the UK should be completely abolished monarchy. Nearly 28% of Britons believe that once the death of the Queen, the British monarchy should be abolished immediately. Survival of the British royal family have a greater direct threat, most "born" in the British colonies or dependencies of the Commonwealth member states are no longer recognizes the threat to the Queen as the symbol. Although controversy exists, but there is the historical significance of the British royal family is not forgotten, and the lives of the royal family to outsiders is still the envy of most people to enjoy the kind of nobility, but how exactly is the British royal family's image, they live how's life, which for those of us non-Commonwealth countries, people who are unknown to fans, then let us work together uncover the mystery of the British royal family, to understand him, but also can be left on the abolition of the monarchy trace of their views.1. Introduction to the British royal family1.1 The history of the British royal familyBritish royal family is the world's longest one of the royal family, took over from William I of England in 1066, so far, 930 years, experienced a 10-generation dynasty, 40 King and Queen. Throne in the male members of the same family legend, the dynasty followed the same name; the throne of the Queen's son if passed, will change the name of the dynasty. The new king of the ruling dynasty is usually based on the family name or to name the manor.England have experienced the rule of the Roman Empire, after the withdrawal of the Romans, into the small kingdom, a small tribal alliance during the melee, to the 6th century, the invasion of Anglo - Saxon Kingdom of the formation of seven (tribal alliance). Kingdom of Wessex began to grow up, 829 King Egbert overpower the other kingdom, the overlord of England. At the same time, the British also entered the "era of Viking terror", has been a wave of Viking invasion. Egbert's grandson Alfred against the Danes because of the successful invasion, and construction in London, organized compilation of "Alfred Code", "Anglo - Saxon Chronicle" and other achievements and was later revered as "the Great" (the great). Wessex dynasty king passed the 15 generations, to Edmund II, finally unable to resist the Danes, the Danish king Cnut was forced to divide and conquer England. Edmund II died in 1016, Knut annexed the whole of England, began a dynasty of Danish rule. But in 1042, descendants of the royal family of Wessex "Confessor" Edward to matrilineal descent who inherited the throne of Denmark.In 1066, Edward the Confessor before death inspired sage meeting elected Bernhard II is king. But from France across the sea northwest of Norman Duke William conquered England, he is the "conqueror" William I, the establishment of a Norman dynasty. William I of the packet to a large number of Norman nobles of England, through the preparation of the national census "survey land tax books" to strengthen the monarchy in England. Son of William I, Henry I, because there is no male heir, died and was nephew Stephen won the throne, but Henry I's daughter Matilda and his son Henry II refused to accept defeat Stephen, Henry II as heir to force Stephen Li. 1154, Henry II Plantagenet dynasty began ruling.Plantagenet Dynasty (Anjou Dynasty) is the name of the first monarch in British history, giving birth to the golden age. Henry II has a high legal attainments, of the British legal system made a lot of effective reform. His son Richard I to the throne, at the Third Crusade, Saladin was defeated and fame, won the "Lionheart" in the title. The younger brother of Richard I, "no to the king," John, following up, defeated by King Philip II of France lost in the vast territory, but the great nobles in 1215 under duress to sign the "Magna Carta of freedom" is the constitutional history of the world milestone. "No Lord" during the reign of Henry III's son, also adopted by the great nobles of the stress of the "Oxford Regulations" and the "Westminster Bill," Parliament set up a legislative body. Henry III's son, "legs" during the reign of Edward I, mature parlia- mentary system, and improve the legal system of England, also annexed Wales, the Scottish expedition, the British laid the foundation for the unity. To Edward I, the Sun Aide Huasan Shi era, due to a request to the French throne, the British opened a prelude to the Hundred Years War, and failures have been several times in the French knight corps. Edward III's grandson, Richard II, Henry IV was deposed by Duke of Lancaster, Lancaster Plantagenet dynasty dynasty was replaced. Henry IV is actually the grandson of Edward III, is a glimpse of the Duke of Lancaster's son, Prince Gunter.Henry IV's son, Henry V reopened Hundred Years War, ravaged more than half of France, forcing King admitted that he is heir to, but unfortunately died in the violence on the battlefield in France. His son Henry VI became less than a year old British and French king, but the appearance of Joan of Arc to reverse the French war, the British were driven out of France. Henry VI's reign in the UK soon retain his job, in 1455, the descendants of Edward III, granddaughter Fei Lipa, Duke of York Rebellion, the war known as "Red War of the Roses," Henry VI undone waste legislation , Li undone waste, and ultimately defeated by the York family's hands. York family of Edward IV to the throne, established a dynasty of York. Wars of the Roses, but not the end of 1485, the Duke of Lancaster Gaunt great-granddaughter of Henry VII's son back to England from abroad, attack, kill King Richard III of York last dynasty, established the Tudor dynasty.Henry VII's son, Henry VIII after the issue due to waste, to break with the Pope of Rome, introduced the Reformation in England, the King of England from a "state religion of the leader", the daughter of Henry VIII, Elizabeth I's so smooth through the Reformation in England chaos, and in the economic, cultural and military have made great progress. But Elizabeth I never married, without issue, the Tudor dynasty ended, her grand-nephew of the table (great-grandson of Henry VIII's sister) King James VI of Scotland inherited the throne of England, said James I of England, Scotland history once ruled by the same king, began the Stuart dynasty.James I's son Charles I in the United Kingdom was overthrown in the revolution of 1640-1648, and eventually sent to the guillotine, by Cromwell as Protector. Charles I's son Charles II in 1660 restoration of the Stuart dynasty, but after his brother James II ascended the throne, regardless of the UK most people have converted to Protestant conditions in an attempt to restore the dominance of the Catholic Church, into a deserted situation, his daughter Mary and son William II (William III to govern the Netherlands) in China under the invitation of the new aristocracy, invaded England to overthrow the rule of James II, but they accept the Parliament's "bill of rights" The premise was able to reign, the provisions of the King without the consent of Parliament can not stop any legal effect, the collection of taxes and so on. This event called the "Glorious Revolution" established a constitutional monarchy. Mary II's sister Anne to the throne, declared with England and Scotland into one kingdom. Anne without issue and finally, the end of the Stuart dynasty.In 1714, the British Parliament invited the son of James I's granddaughter, the family of Hanover, Germany, the United Kingdom George inherited the throne, began the Hanover dynasty. Hanover dynasty greatly to the overseas expansion of the British colony, and began the golden age of industrial revolution, to the sixth king - the hands of Queen Victoria, Britain's overseas colonies to over 3300 square km, known as "sun empire," while in the industrial revolution, the continuous generation of new things, social life with each passing day, the British Empire reached its peak. At the same time the real power in the British royal family has continued to shrink, to the 20th century, the country's political life has almost become a "rubber stamp."Queen Victoria and the German Saxe - Coburg - Gotha family, Albert married his son to the throne after King Edward VII, also known as the father's surname of Saxe - Coburg - Gotha dynasty. Edward VII's son, during the reign of George V, to catch up with the First World War, Germany's adversaries do not wish to use the name, the royal surname of "Windsor" (because the royal palace, "Windsor"), also renamed the dynasty name as "Windsor." Windsor continues to this day, the current reign of Queen Elizabeth II is the fourth king.Although the British royal family has gone through many dynasties, but in fact there between before and after the reign of blood near or distant the relationship, royal blood has not stopped.1.2 Royal ThroneDetermined according to primogeniture, that the throne should start with the current monarch's eldest son inherited, then turn the other son, according to the order, and finally her turn. But according to law, the British throne is not automatic, 1701 through the Act of Settlement provides that the throne should be passed to Lady Hou Sophia of Hanover Elector's blood descendants, and successors shall not be Catholic, nor funerals a Catholic. If China Wang Zhangzi dead, their heirs from inheritance; but if the eldest son died without descendants, the second son or his heirs from the inheritance; king no male descendants, or their heirs will inherit from the eldest daughter; King no children, by brother inherited. In addition to the descendants of the ruling king, the royal family and other close family members also enjoy the right to inherit the throne. Some people think that the regulations and other UK law prohibits religious discrimination in terms of conflict. But in fact, the vast majority are eligible to inherit the throne of the people are Protestants, but also in public are mostly members of the Anglican claim. In addition, the bill also stipulates that the throne is inherited by the Parliament to decide, rather than the monarch himself.Thus, today the British royal family members have the right of succession to the throne, the top ten were: the eldest son of Prince Charles, grandson Prince William, second son Prince Andrew, the third son of Prince Edward, Princess Anne, daughter, grandson Peter Phillips, granddaughter Zara Phillips, sister, Princess Margaret, Viscount Linley (son of Margaret) and Sarah Armstrong, a Joan (Margaret's daughter).However, in this 10 "alternate king", only Prince Charles and Prince William's rank is fixed, the other person's ranking is only temporary. Top of the heir if the death or announced their abstention, in turn behind the person's rank incremental; the other hand, if the person in front of home childbirth imports, followed by one's position should all move back. If there are no extraordinary events occurred after the heir to the throne for the second person, is just a dream.2. British Royal EtiquetteToday, the British aristocratic way of life also followed some of the stereotypes of the past, from the content of education, sports, hobbies, leisure habits, social life, behavior (etiquette and manners) to charity, which is usually the nobility talked about the subject.    With the continuous development of the royal family, royal etiquette is also increasingly sophisticated. His role is important, first, to enhance personal prestige, and second, competition wi