鲁教版七年级下英语语法ppt课件.pptx

,鲁教版七年级下英语各单元语法课件,Unit 1语法专项课件（动词不定式）,Part,语法透析,考点大观易错辨析通关训练,语法透视,考点大观,动词不定式,动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中可起到名词、形容词或副词的作用，作主语、宾语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是“to+动词原形”，但to有时要省略。动词不定式在具体运用时，用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。动词不定式的结构：to+动词原形,动词不定式的用法,语法透视,省to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want,ask,tell,hope,learn,try,decide,forget,remember,like,love,stop等。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth。She wants to play the piano.她想弹钢琴。Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我不要叫醒凯特。,考点大观,语法透视,2.不带to的不定式结构。在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better do sth.的否定形式是had better not do sth.在let,make,see,feel,watch,hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。在引导疑问句的why not之后。You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。I didnt see you come in.我没看见你进来。Why not go with us?为什么不和我们一起呢？,易错辨析,动词不定式的用法,语法透视,3.动词不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语可以放在后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。To master a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。Its necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。,易错辨析,动词不定式的用法,语法透视,4.动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。I have nothing to say on this question.对这个问题我无可奉告。,易错辨析,动词不定式的用法,语法透视,5.动词不定式作宾语有的机及物动词要求跟复合宾语（即宾语+宾语补足语）。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语，则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，而将不定式短语（真正的宾语）放在宾语补足语之前。I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。,易错辨析,动词不定式的用法,语法透视,6.动词不定式作宾语补足语作动词ask,like,tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。作使役动词let,have,make以及感官动词feel,hear,see,watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。作help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。He asked me to say more.他让我多说点。The teacher made him stay at home.老师让他待在家里。Could you help me(to)carry the heavy box?你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？,易错辨析,动词不定式的用法,语法透视,7.动词不定式作状语。放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。用在tooto结构中。He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。Im sorry to hear that.听到这件事我很难过。He is too young to understand all that.他太年轻了，不能理解这件事情。,易错辨析,动词不定式的用法,语法透视,解析,Mary is very generous.Yes,she gave away all her money she owned _ people in need.A.to help B.to helping C.helped D.helping,Next,通关训练,He made us _ by making faces.A.to laugh B.laughing C.laugh D.laughed,语法透视,解析,通关训练,Unit 2&3动词的时态 一般将来时,（1）一般将来时通常用“will/shall+动词原形”结构来表 示,表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。shall 一般 用于第一人称,will 可用于各种人称。They will go to Beijing tomorrow.他们明天去北京。Shall we meet at nine tomorrow morning？我们明天上午九点见面怎么样？,1.一般将来时的构成及用法,一般将来时,（2）“be going to+动词原形”表示打算、计划做某事,也可以 表示预见,即现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况。I am going to go abroad next month.我打算下个月出国。Maybe its going to rain.或许要下雨了。（3）“be to+动词原形”或“be about to+动词原形”表示即将 发生的动作或事情。Mary is to take a vacation in Beijing next Saturday.Mary 下周六要去北京度假。They are about to leave.他们要走了。,注意（1）当动词是表示位置转移的词（go,come,arrive,start,leave 等）时,用“be+动词的现在分词”,即现在进行时表示将来。My elder brother is coming.我哥哥要来了。The train is arriving in Zhengzhou at ten oclock.火车将会在十点钟到达郑州。（2）根据规定或时间表预计将要发生的动作以及在时间和条件等状语 从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。The new term begins on September 1st.新学期将会在九月一日开学。If it rains tomorrow,we wont go hiking.如果明天下雨,我们就不去远足了。,常见的时间标志词或短语有：tomorrow,next Sunday/week/month,in the future,in ten minutes,in a few days 等。,2.一般将来时的时间标志,【现学现用】,（）I dont know if it _ tomorrow.If it _,I will stay at home alone.A.will rain；rainsB.rains；will rain C.will rain；will rain D.rains；rains,A,答案,典例三一般将来时,（2014天津,27）Robots _ more heavy work for us in the future.A.will doB.did C.have doneD.were doing,【解析】句意为：机器人将来会为我们做更多繁重的工作。由“in the future”可知,此处应用一般将来时。,【答案】A,解析,答案,Unit 4语法专项课件（可数名词和不可数名词）,可数名词VS不可数名词,可数名词变复数,2.1 规则变化,可数名词变复数,2.2 不规则变化,改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 foot feet,tooth teeth,goose geese man men,woman women,child children,mouse mice,单复数同形词 deer,sheep,fish等 由汉语音译表示度量、币值等单位量词，如：five yuan,可数名词变复数,2.2 不规则变化,表示某国人的名词复数变化：,口诀记忆中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。,可数名词变复数,2.3 复合名词的复数形式,可数名词的特点,1）可数名词有单、复数之分。,例：a bird 一只鸟；many birds 很多只鸟,2）可数名词可以直接用不定冠词a/an、数词或many,some,any,a lot of,lots of等修饰。,例：an apple；three chairs；some students,可数名词的特点,There is a pen on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔。There are many students in the classroom.教室里有很多学生。,3）可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；复数形式或两个（或两个以上）单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。,4）在特殊疑问句中，用how many修饰可数名词。,例：How many pens do you have?你有多少支钢笔？,不可数名词的特点,2）不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,1）不可数名词前可以用much,a little,a lot of等修饰。,例：much bread 很多面包；a little tea 一点儿茶,例：There is some money in the purse.钱包里有一些钱。,不可数名词的特点,3）不能用不定冠词a/an或数词直接修饰。若要表示数量，则需要借助一定的单位词来表示。,不可数名词的特点,4）特殊疑问句中，对不可数名词前的修饰语提问，用how much。,例：How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯中有多少牛奶？,5）有些名词既可以作可数名词，又可以作不可数名词。但它们的汉语意思有差别。,例：fish 鱼（可数），鱼肉（不可数）；chicken 小鸡（可数），鸡肉（不可数）；glass 玻璃杯（可数），玻璃（不可数）。,易错点1,名词作定语时一般用单数形式。例：an apple tree苹果树；three apple trees 三棵苹果树 但是man和woman作定语时，它们的单复数要和后面被修饰 的词保持一致。例：two women teachers 两位女教师,名词作定语,易错点2,可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some,any,a lot of,lots of 等来修饰，表示“一些，许多”，被称为“万能词”。例：There are some oranges on the desk.桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。但是，many,few,a few 只能修饰可数名词的复数形式；much,little,a little只能修饰不可数名词。,万能词,易错点3,不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量的时候需要借助于“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构来表示。注意：1）量词可以是单数也可以是复数。2）量词如果是复数形式，谓语动词则用复数。例：There are two glasses of milk on the table.桌子上有两杯牛奶。,不可数名词的“量”,【典例1】What do you have for breakfast?I often have_ and _.A.breads;eggs B.bread;egg C.breads;egg D.bread;eggs,考查可数名词和不可数名词。bread为不可数名词，没有复数形式，而egg为可数名词，在句中应变为复数。句意：我经常吃面包和鸡蛋。故选D。,【典例2】British people eat_ a lot,and theyre usually cooked in different ways.A.chicken B.beef C.fish D.potatoes,考查可数名词和不可数名词。根据句中的“theyre”可知，应选复数名词，而chicken,beef,fish都是不可数名词。故选D。,【典例3】There are a lot of _ in our school.They work very hard.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.womans teachers D.woman teacher,考查可数名词和不可数名词。woman和man在句中作定语修饰名词时，它们的单复数要和后面名词的单复数保持一致。故选B。,Unit 5语法专项课件（情态动词的用法）,初中英语 鲁教版 七年级下册,情态动词三注意：情态动词表示说话人的语气或情绪情态动词无人称和数的变化情态动词后跟动词原形常见的情态动词：must,can,may,shall,could,might,should,will,would,need等。,情态动词用法大观,语 法 点 击,情态动词表示推测,1must表示对现在的状态或现在正在发生的事情的推测，后面通常接系动词be 的原形。如：You have studied for five hours.You must be tired.你已经学习五个小时了，一定累了。Our teacher must be marking our exam papers.我们的老师一定在批阅我们的试卷。,2“may/might/could动词原形”多用于肯定句，其“推测，判断”的语气不确定。may意为“也许，可能”；might不表示过去时态，只表示语气较may更弱，意为“或许，大概”。如：I dont know where she is.She may be in New York.我不知道她在哪儿，她可能在纽约。The guitar might be Janes.She plays the guitar.这把吉他可能是简的。她弹吉他。It could be Meis hair band.它可能是梅的发带。,3“can/could not动词原形”用于否定句或疑问句中，表示否定推测或判断，有“不可能”之意。用cant还是用couldnt，不存在时态差异，只是cant的语气较couldnt强。如：There is no light in the room.She cant be at home now.房间里没有灯光。她现在不可能在家里。That man cant be Mr.Black.He is much taller.那个人不可能是布莱克先生。他高得多。,语法透视,考点大观,易错辨析,语法透视,易错辨析,语法透视,易错辨析,语法透视,易错辨析,语法透视,易错辨析,语法透视,Would you please,Would you like,通关训练,语法透视,解析,Mike _ be a policeman,for he is much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may,Next,通关训练,My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where _I have put it?A.can B.must C.should D.would,语法透视,解析,could,2.表示过去一般的能力，意为“能、会”。,1.表示委婉请求，意为“可以”。,3.表示猜测时，意为“可能”。,Could you speak English then?,Could I use your pen?,You could be right,but I dont think you are.,could的常见用法,could的句式结构,肯定句：could+动词原形,否定句：could后加not（缩写为couldnt),一般疑问句：could提前,I could speak English when I was three.,I couldnt speak English when I was three.,Could you speak English when you were three?,句式结构,易错点,can 和 could的区别,易错点,can 和 could的区别,Chicken cant swim in the river.He said he could see me next week.,(can表与生俱来的能力）,(could表示过去能够做某事）,语法透视,考点大观,should的用法,should属于情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。should的否定形式为should not，缩写形式为shouldnt。在疑问句中should谓语主语前面。We should go home at once.我们应该马上回家。You shouldnt smoke here.你不应该在这里抽烟。,易错辨析,should用法荟萃,语法透视,1.用来向别人提出建议或劝告别人做某事，意为“应该；应当”。Tom,I have a toothache.汤姆，我牙痛You should see a dentist.你应当去看牙医。,易错辨析,should用法荟萃,语法透视,2.表示现在或将来的某种义务或责任。We should respect the old.我们应该尊重老人。You should leave her a note.你应该给她留个字条。,易错辨析,should用法荟萃,语法透视,3.用来表示要求、命令。You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.在课堂上 你应该认真听老师讲课。,易错辨析,should用法荟萃,语法透视,4.表示可能性、期望以及推测即将发生的情况。They should be there by now.他们现在可能到那儿了。,易错辨析,should用法荟萃,语法透视,5.表示某种感情色彩，如惊讶、愤怒、失望等。Why should I go?我干嘛要去？Why should I know?我怎么会知道？,易错辨析,should用法荟萃,语法透视,6.Should I?用来征求意见、提供帮助或请求指示。Should I help you clean the bedroom?要不要我帮你打扫卧室？,通关训练,语法透视,解析,We_ be more careful,or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.A.might B.can C.may D.should,Next,通关训练,A country has dreams.We teenagers _ also have dreams.With dreams and hard work,anything amazing can be created.A.may B.must C.should,语法透视,解析,易错点,can 和 could的区别,It cant be true.We could go there this summer.,(表推测，can用于否定句）,(表推测，不限句式）,易错点,can 和 could的区别,Can I use your pen?Could I use your pen?,(can表请求）,(could表更委婉请求）,Yes,of course you can.,注意：对请求、允许相关问句的回答，只能用can。,【典例1】_ I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course you _.A.Can;could B.Could;can C.May;can D.Could;could,考查情态动词。句意：我可以借用一下你的字典吗？当然可以。表示“委婉请求”选用could，需要用can来回答。故答案选B。,【典例2】That man must be Sarahs husband.No,he _be her husband.She is still single.A.cant B.mustnt C.may not D.couldnt,考查情态动词。句意：那个人一定是萨拉的丈夫。不，那不可能是她丈夫。她是单身。根据句意，表示确切的否定的推测选用cant，答案选A。,通关训练,语法透视,解析,Mike _ be a policeman,for he is much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may,Next,通关训练,My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where _I have put it?A.can B.must C.should D.would,语法透视,解析,Unit 6If 引导条件状语从句,定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。,准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。,同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。,状语从句一般分为九大类,状语从句类别:,时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句,If 引导条件状语从句,If 引导条件状语从句,If I have enough money,I will travel around the world.=I will travel around the world if I have enough money.,if 引导的条件状语从句,主将从现,祈使句,情态动词,I will sing a song if I am happy.,主句,从句,Dont cross the road if the light is red.,You must stop if the traffic light is red.,巧记、速记,语法1：if（如果）引导的条件状语从句,主祈从现主将从现从主有逗主从无逗,一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.If you _(feel)tired,you _(have)to have a rest.2.Where _ he _(see)the film if he _(have)time?3.If there _(be)fewer trees,there _(be)more pollution.4.He _(dress)more casually if he _(not work)on weekends.,feel,will have,will,see,has,are,will be,will dress,doesnt work,Unit7语法专项课件（should的用法精讲）,Part,语法透析,考点大观易错辨析通关训练,语法透视,考点大观,should的用法,should属于情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。should的否定形式为should not，缩写形式为shouldnt。在疑问句中should谓语主语前面。We should go home at once.我们应该马上回家。You shouldnt smoke here.你不应该在这里抽烟。,易错辨析,should用法荟萃,语法透视,1.用来向别人提出建议或劝告别人做某事，意为“应该；应当”。Tom,I have a toothache.汤姆，我牙痛You should see a dentist.你应当去看牙医。,易错辨析,should用法荟萃,语法透视,2.表示现在或将来的某种义务或责任。We should respect the old.我们应该尊重老人。You should leave her a note.你应该给她留个字条。,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,should用法荟萃,语法透视,3.用来表示要求、命令。You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.在课堂上 你应该认真听老师讲课。,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,should用法荟萃,语法透视,4.表示可能性、期望以及推测即将发生的情况。They should be there by now.他们现在可能到那儿了。,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,should用法荟萃,语法透视,5.表示某种感情色彩，如惊讶、愤怒、失望等。Why should I go?我干嘛要去？Why should I know?我怎么会知道？,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,should用法荟萃,语法透视,6.Should I?用来征求意见、提供帮助或请求指示。Should I help you clean the bedroom?要不要我帮你打扫卧室？,考点大观,易错辨析,通关训练,语法透视,解析,We_ be more careful,or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.A.might B.can C.may D.should,Next,通关训练,A country has dreams.We teenagers _ also have dreams.With dreams and hard work,anything amazing can be created.A.may B.must C.should,语法透视,解析,Unit 7语法专项课件(反身代词),初中英语 鲁教 教版七年级下 册,Part,语法透析,考点大观易错辨析通关训练,语法透视,考点大观,反身代词的构成,myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,themselves,itself/himself/herself,语法透视,考点大观,反身代词的构成,1、反身代词单数词尾都有-self，复数词尾都有-selves。2、第一人称和第二人称反身代词都是由形容词性物主代词-self或-selves构成。第三人称都由人称代词宾格-self或-selves构成。3、每个反身代词都表示“自己”，如 myself我自己，themselves他们自己，等等。,易错辨析,反身代词常见用法,语法透视,1.作及物动词的宾语。反身代词常用在 buy，teach，enjoy，hurt，wash，help等的后面作宾语。如：He often teaches himself他经常自学。The boy fell off the tree and hurt himself那男孩从树上掉下来，伤到了自己。,易错辨析,语法透视,2.作介词的宾语。反身代词常用在to，by，for，after，about等之后作宾语。如：We should not only think of ourselves We must look after ourselves and keep healthy我们必须照顾自己，保持健康。,反身代词常见用法,易错辨析,语法透视,3.反身代词也常放在连系动词之后，作表语。如：The man in the photo is myself照片上的那个人就是我(自己)。,反身代词常见用法,易错辨析,语法透视,4.作主语的同位语 反身代词作主语的同位语时，可以放在主语之后，也可以放在句子的末尾。如：I myself can do itI can do it myself我自己能做这件事。Edison built a laboratory himselfEdison himself built a laboratory爱迪生自己建了个实验室。,反身代词常见用法,易错辨析,语法透视,5.作宾语的同位语 作宾语的同位语时，反身代词只能放在宾语之后。如：I want to see the scientist himself我想见见那位科学家本人。,反身代词常见用法,通关训练,语法透视,Next,1.We cant only think of _(we).We should think of others 2.Students should be strict with _(they)3.Did they enjoy _(them)in the party last Sunday？4.Help _(you)to some vegetables,Jim and Jack 5.The artist _(he)will come to our school next week组卷网,用所给代词的适当形式填空。,ourselves,themselves,themselves,yourselves,himself,通关训练,语法透视,6You cant leave your daughter by _(she)7The cat in the mirror is _(it)8I bought _(I)a new dictionary the day before yesterday 9I _(my)agree with you 10The little boy is only four,but he could wash _(he)and get dressed,herself,itself,myself,myself,himself,