鲁教版七年级上英语各单元语法ppt课件.ppt
,初中英语鲁教版七 年级上册各单元语法课件,语法专项课件1(What time和When引导的特殊疑问句),Part,语法透析,考点大观易错辨析通关训练,语法透视,考点大观,What time/When,what time意为“何时,什么时候”。如果询问主语什么时候做某事,可以用“What time do/does+主语+动词原形”句型,what time用来提问具体的时间,此时what time可以和when互换。What time do you get up?=When do you get up?你什么时候起床?,常见句型,语法透视,What time do you usually take a shower,Rick?I usually take a shower at six forty.2.What time does Rick eat breakfast?He eats breakfast at seven oclock.3.When do your friends exercise?They usually exercise on weekends.,考点大观,What time/When用法辨析,语法透视,What time和When都可以对时间进行提问,表示“什么时候”。what time用来询问具体的时间;when既可以用来询问具体的时间点,还可以用来询问时间段。具体用法如下:对时间状语提问时,有时两者可以互换。What time/When do you usually go to school?,易错辨析,语法透视,2.向对方询问具体时间时,即几点几分,只能用what time,不能用when。What time is it?Its seven oclock.3.询问年份、月份、日期时,只能用when,不能用what time。When is the Music Festival?Its on January 2nd.,易错辨析,What time/When用法辨析,语法透视,解析,_ do you go to school?At 7:00 in the morning.A.When B.How C.What time D.How old,通关训练,Next,语法透视,解析,_ is your birthday?January 19th.A.How B.When C.What time D.How old,通关训练,Next,语法透视,解析,_ do you usually go shopping?On Sundays.When B.WhereC.What D.What time,通关训练,语法专项课件2(可数名词和不可数名词),可数名词VS不可数名词,可数名词变复数,2.1 规则变化,可数名词变复数,2.2 不规则变化,改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 foot feet,tooth teeth,goose geese man men,woman women,child children,mouse mice,单复数同形词 deer,sheep,fish等 由汉语音译表示度量、币值等单位量词,如:five yuan,可数名词变复数,2.2 不规则变化,表示某国人的名词复数变化:,口诀记忆中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。,可数名词变复数,2.3 复合名词的复数形式,可数名词的特点,1)可数名词有单、复数之分。,例:a bird 一只鸟;many birds 很多只鸟,2)可数名词可以直接用不定冠词a/an、数词或many,some,any,a lot of,lots of等修饰。,例:an apple;three chairs;some students,可数名词的特点,There is a pen on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔。There are many students in the classroom.教室里有很多学生。,3)可数名词单数形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;复数形式或两个(或两个以上)单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。,4)在特殊疑问句中,用how many修饰可数名词。,例:How many pens do you have?你有多少支钢笔?,不可数名词的特点,2)不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。,1)不可数名词前可以用much,a little,a lot of等修饰。,例:much bread 很多面包;a little tea 一点儿茶,例:There is some money in the purse.钱包里有一些钱。,不可数名词的特点,3)不能用不定冠词a/an或数词直接修饰。若要表示数量,则需要借助一定的单位词来表示。,不可数名词的特点,4)特殊疑问句中,对不可数名词前的修饰语提问,用how much。,例:How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯中有多少牛奶?,5)有些名词既可以作可数名词,又可以作不可数名词。但它们的汉语意思有差别。,例:fish 鱼(可数),鱼肉(不可数);chicken 小鸡(可数),鸡肉(不可数);glass 玻璃杯(可数),玻璃(不可数)。,易错点1,名词作定语时一般用单数形式。例:an apple tree苹果树;three apple trees 三棵苹果树 但是man和woman作定语时,它们的单复数要和后面被修饰 的词保持一致。例:two women teachers 两位女教师,名词作定语,易错点2,可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some,any,a lot of,lots of 等来修饰,表示“一些,许多”,被称为“万能词”。例:There are some oranges on the desk.桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle.瓶里有许多水。但是,many,few,a few 只能修饰可数名词的复数形式;much,little,a little只能修饰不可数名词。,万能词,易错点3,不可数名词没有复数形式,表示量的时候需要借助于“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构来表示。注意:1)量词可以是单数也可以是复数。2)量词如果是复数形式,谓语动词则用复数。例:There are two glasses of milk on the table.桌子上有两杯牛奶。,不可数名词的“量”,【典例1】What do you have for breakfast?I often have_ and _.A.breads;eggs B.bread;egg C.breads;egg D.bread;eggs,考查可数名词和不可数名词。bread为不可数名词,没有复数形式,而egg为可数名词,在句中应变为复数。句意:我经常吃面包和鸡蛋。故选D。,【典例2】British people eat_ a lot,and theyre usually cooked in different ways.A.chicken B.beef C.fish D.potatoes,考查可数名词和不可数名词。根据句中的“theyre”可知,应选复数名词,而chicken,beef,fish都是不可数名词。故选D。,【典例3】There are a lot of _ in our school.They work very hard.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.womans teachers D.woman teacher,考查可数名词和不可数名词。woman和man在句中作定语修饰名词时,它们的单复数要和后面名词的单复数保持一致。故选B。,语法专项课件3(一般过去时1),一般过去时的常见用法,表过去发生的动作。,表过去存在的状态。,He was very short when he was ten.,Tom broke the window yesterday.,Be动词一般过去时四巧,一是时间状语巧,表示过去的短语要记牢;二是肯定结构巧,单数was,复数were;否定结构是三巧,not紧跟waswere;四是疑问句式巧,waswere向前跑(提前)。,记忆口诀,Be动词一般过去时四巧,时间状语巧:一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。例如:yesterday,last night/week/month/year,last Saturday,the day before yesterday,in 1998,fiveyearsago等。,第一巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,肯定结构巧:它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时,谓语动词用was;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were。I was in the classroom yesterday morning.昨天早上我在教室里。,第二巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,否定结构巧:与动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句,并且was,were与not可以缩写成wasnt,werent。主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他.,第三巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,I was not(wasnt)here yesterday.昨天我不在这儿。My parents were not(werent)at home last Sunday.上周日我父母不在家。,Be动词一般过去时四巧,疑问句式巧:把was,were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。Was(Were)主语 表语 其他?,第四巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,Were you at home the day before yesterday?前天你在家吗?Was she late this morning?今天早上她迟到了吗?,Be动词一般过去时四巧,肯定回答用“Yes,主语waswere.”否定回答用“No,主语wasntwerent.”Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now?刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗?Yes,they were.(No,they werent.)是的,她们在。(不,她们不在。),易错点,was not缩写为wasnt,were not缩写为werent。,Linda wasnt in the classroom at that time.琳达那个时候没在教室。My family werent in China when I was five.我五岁时还没搬到中国。,【典例1】your parents at home last week?A.Is B.WasC.Are D.Were,考查时态中be动词的运用。句意:上周你爸妈在家吗?last week是一般过去时,应选用be动词的过去时,my parents是复数,故答案选D。,【典例2】Who was on duty last Friday?.A I am B I was C Yes,I wasD No,I wasnt,考查时态中be动词的运用。句意:上周五谁值日?我。问句为特殊疑问句,不能用Yes/No来回答;问句为一般过去时,答语也要用be动词的过去式。,语法专项课件(一般过去时2),一般过去时的常见用法,表过去发生的动作。,表过去存在的状态。,He was very short when he was ten.,Tom broke the window yesterday.,行为动词一般过去时的结构,主语+动词过去式+其他She watched TV last night.她昨晚看了电视。,肯定句,行为动词一般过去时的结构,主语+did not(didnt)+动词原形+其他She didnt watch TV last night.她昨晚没有看电视。,否定句,行为动词一般过去时的结构,问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?回答:Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didnt.Did she watch TV last night?她昨晚看电视了吗?Yes,she did./No,she didnt.是的,她看了。/不,她没看。,一般疑问句,行为动词一般过去时的结构,疑问词+一般疑问句What did she do last night?她昨晚做什么了?She watched TV last night.她昨晚看电视了。,特殊疑问句,What did you do the day before yesterday?前天你们做什么了?When did the Green Family arrive?格林一家什么时候到达的?,特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?,易错点1,一般过去时陈述句变为特殊疑问句,易错点1,确定疑问词,一般过去时陈述句变为特殊疑问句,第一步,指人:who/whom事物:what地点:where时间:when/what time原因:why频率:how often长度:how long距离:how far,易错点1,语序变化,一般过去时陈述句变为特殊疑问句,第二步,1)对主语提问语序不变,Your friend came to send an email.,Who came to send an email?,易错点1,一般过去时陈述句变为特殊疑问句,2)对其他成分提问要加助动词did,后边动词需还原。,Sally had a party last night.,When did Sally have a party?,易错点2,一般过去时标志词,易错点3,动词过去式(规则),易错点3,一般过去时记忆口诀,动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;be用was或用were,have,has变had;谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单,主语之后didnt添;疑问句也不难,did放在主语前;如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原;动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。,动词过去时基本变化规则为“动词原形+ed”。但在英语中,不符合上述变化规则的动词有许多,它们的过去式构成方式独特,因此被称为不规则动词。不规则动词的构成没有什么规律,需要特殊记忆。,易错点3,动词过去式(不规则),am,iswas areweregowent dodidhavehad comecametaketook saysaideatate seesawgetgot putputsleepslept givegavewritewrote readread,易错点3,动词过去式(不规则),buybought sitsat swim swam makemade feelfelt hearheard growgrew telltold knowknew findfoundbeginbegan bring broughtstandstood spendspentcatchcaught teachtaught,易错点3,动词过去式(不规则),易错点4,实义动词需还原,助动词是照妖镜,后边动词现原形。,易错点4,实义动词需还原,-Was Lucy watched TV last night?-Yes,she was.-Did Lucy watched TV last night?-Yes,she did.-Did Lucy watch TV last night?-Yes,she did.析 谓语动词为实义动词时要用did来构成疑问句式。实义动词要用动词原形。,【典例1】给下面的单词写出过去式,考查动词过去式不规则变化。,1.get-2.say-3.have-4.be-5.tell-6.think-7.write-8.drive-9.run-,got,said,had,was,were,told,thought,wrote,drove,ran,【典例2】用所给动词的适当形式填空,考查动词的时态。根据题干1中last year;2中last weekend;3中last night可知三个句子均为一般过去时,选用动词的过去式形式。,1.We _(live)in Japan last year.2.Tom _(clean)my room and _(study)for the Chinese test last weekend.3.What _ you _(do)last night?,lived,cleaned,studied,did,do,【典例3】When will our uncle come to see us?Hell come this weekend.He _ me that by e-mail.A.told B.tells C.will tell D.is telling,考查时态。句意:我们叔叔什么时候过来看我们?这周末来。他写邮件告诉我的。通过上下文推断为一般过去时,tell的过去时为不规则形式told。,【典例4】句型转换(改为一般疑问句)We went to the Summer Palace five days ago._ you _ to the Summer Palace five days ago?,考查一般过去时的一般疑问句结构。一般过去时一般疑问句结构为:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?,Did,go,知识回顾,二,活用解题技巧,三,易错点解析,一,典型试题“巧解巧做”,频度副词种类、位置、用法,频度副词“五大易错点”各个突破,表示不确定的频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly ever,never,表示确定的频度副词every day,once a week,twice a month,three times a year,频度副词两大类,高效上好每节课快乐上好每天学,频度副词,always的频度是100%,意为“总是;永远地”。,usually的频度是70%左右,意为“通常;平常”。,often的频度是50%左右,意为“常常”。,sometimes的频度是20%左右,意为“有时”。,hardly的频度是5%左右,意为“几乎不;简直不”。,never的频度是0,意为“从来不;永不”。,She is always ready to help others.,(be动词后),My parents have never been to Beijing.,(助动词后),We often go there.,(实义动词前),Sometimes she writes to me.,(句首或句尾),频度副词的位置,频度副词的用法1,1.often,always,usually等通常和一般现在时连用,表示现在经常或反复发生的动作。例:It often rains here in April.这儿四月份常下雨。,2.always与进行时连用时,并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。例:He is always thinking of others.他总是想着别人。As a boy,he was always making trouble.他小时候总是惹是生非。,(表赞扬),(表厌烦),频度副词的用法2,3.对频度副词提问时,用how often。例:I write to my brother sometimes.How often do you write to your brother?,频度副词的用法3,how often与how long/far/soon的用法区别,易错点1,sometimes与some times/some time/sometime的用法区别,易错点2,hardly与hard辨析,易错点3,例:Lucy hardly ate anything.露西几乎什么都没吃。The ice is hard enough to skate on.这冰很硬,可以在上面滑。,频度副词always总是位于否定词之后,不可位于否定句之前。,例:I do not always believe what he says.我并不是一直都相信他说的话。,易错点4,频度副词sometimes总是位于否定词之前,不可位于否定词之后。,例:He is sometimes not satisfied with my work.他有时对我的工作不满意。,例:Hardly did I arrive at the railway station when the train started.我一到火车站,火车就开走了。,易错点5,hardly 位于句首时,句子要用倒装语序。,反义疑问句中主句有hardly,后边附加疑问句为肯定句。(前否后肯),例:He can hardly understand it,can he?他几乎不懂,不是吗?,【典例1】(四川宜宾)_ do you go to movies?Twice a month.A.How often B.How far C.How long D.How soon,本题由答语twice a month“一个月两次”可推出问句提问的是频率,how often“多久一次”,符合题意。how far提问距离;how long提问时间段;how soon提问将来的时间段。,【典例2】(2014 湖北黄冈月考)I _ see her in the supermarket.A.sometime B.some time C.sometimes D.some times,sometime表示“某个时候”;sometimes表示“有时候”;some time表示“一段时间”;some times表示“几次”。根据句意可知此题需要的是频度副词sometimes。故选C。,【典例3】(2014 甘肃嘉峪关期中)Yeah,my son is kind of unhealthy because he _ exercise.A.usually B.hardly ever C.always D.sometimes,句意:是的,我的儿子有点不健康是因为他几乎不锻炼。usually“通常”;hardly ever“几乎不”;always“一直”;sometimes“有时候”。故选B。,【典例4】(2013 山东临沂中考)David was so excited at the good news that he could _ say a word.A.nearly B.hard C.ever D.hardly,句意:听到这个好消息戴维激动地几乎说不出话来。nearly“几乎,将近”,相当于almost;hard为多义词,副词“努力地,辛苦地”;hardly意为“几乎不”;ever意为“曾经”。故选D。,结束,语法专项课件(形容词、副词的比较级和最高级),形/副比较级、最高级定义,两者比较用 3者用最高级,比较级,后接than 前加the,基本 用法,Lily is taller than me.,Tom is the tallest boy in our class.,比较级和最高级的构成,规则变化,比较级和最高级的构成,规则变化,比较级和最高级的构成,巧学妙记,比较级要变化,一般词尾加-er。词尾若有哑音e,直接加r就可以。一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写。辅音字母加y,要把y改i。最高级加-est,前面加the莫忘记。形容词若是多音节,只把more,most前面写。,比较级和最高级的构成,不规则变化,比较级和最高级的构成,不规则变化,比较级和最高级的常见用法,原级,比较级和最高级的常见用法,比较级,比较级和最高级的常见用法,比较级,比较级和最高级的常见用法,最高级,易错点1,形容词比较级前可用a lot/far/a bit/much/even/still等词来修饰,表示“得多”,“更”,“一些”。very,really,so,too,rather,pretty,quite等词后只能用原级。,The problem is a lot more difficult than that one.这道题比那道题要难得多。He is so careless that he loses the purse.他是如此粗心以至于弄丢了钱包。,常见的用来修饰比较级的副词,易错点2,(1)形容词最高级用于同自身不同场合相比较时不带the。例如:Im busiest on Mondays.我星期一最忙。,(2)形容词最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格时,不带the。例如:Alice is the old mans youngest daughter.艾丽斯是这位老人最小的女儿。,形容词最高级前不用the的情况,易错点2,形容词最高级前不用the的情况,(3)两个或多个形容词的最高级并列使用,从第二个起,就不带the。例如:Bob is the youngest and tallest boy in our class.鲍勃是我们班最小也是最高的男孩。,(4)形容词最高级在句中作宾语补足语时,常不带the。例如:I think grammar hardest in our English study.我认为在我们的英语学习中语法最难。,【典例1】Farmers have become _ in our hometown in recent years.A.more and more rich B.richer and richer C.more rich and more rich,考查形容词/副词比较级、最高级。“比较级and比较级”意为“越就越”,rich的比较级是richer。,【典例2】Lets go shopping at the new mall.Why not shop online?Its _.A.expensive B.more expensive C.less expensive D.the most expensive,考查形容词/副词比较级、最高级。由句意可知答语应为“为什么不网上购物?它更便宜。”less expensive意为“更便宜”。,【典例3】If there is _ pollution,the air in our city will be _ dirtier.A.less;more B.more;much C.less;less D.more;more,考查形容词/副词比较级、最高级。less与more常用来修饰原级构成比较级,但是不能修饰比较级。,