远大前程.ppt.ppt

Great Expectations 远大前程,Great Expectations远大前程,-Jin Doudou,Great Expectations 远大前程,Author,Character Analysis,Theme and Symbols,Plot,Doubles,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),A,B,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),Life experience,Charles Dickens was born on February 7,1812,and spent the first nine years of his life living in the coastal regions of Kent,a county in southeast England.Dickenss father,John,was a kind and likeable man,but he was incompetent with money and piled up tremendous debts throughout his life.,查尔斯狄更斯生于1812年二月七日，九岁前一直生活在英格兰东南部肯特郡的沿海地区。狄更斯的父亲约翰是个和蔼可亲的人，但不善理财，一生为巨额债务所累。,A,B,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯,Life experience,When Dickens was nine,his family moved to London.When he was twelve,his father was arrested and taken to debtors prison.Dickenss mother moved his seven brothers and sisters into prison with their father,but she arranged for the young Charles to live alone outside the prison.,狄更斯九岁那年，随家人移居伦敦。12岁时，其父因债务问题被抓进债人监狱。他的母亲带着7个弟妹搬进监狱与父亲同住，却留狄更斯一人独自在狱外生活.,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),A,B,Life experience,Outside,he worked with other children pasting labels on bottles in a blacking warehouse.Dickenss found the three months he spent apart from his family highly traumatic.Not only was the job itself miserable,but he considered himself too good for it,earning the contempt of the other children.,在外面他与别的孩子一起，在炭质颜料仓库给瓶子贴标签（炭质颜料是一种用来给火柴或肥料等产品做黑色素的人造煤烟）。狄更斯的工作不仅辛苦，而且他认为对他来说是大材小用，因而遭到其他孩子的白眼。狄更斯与家人分住了三个月，这段时间给他的心灵造成了巨大的伤害。,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),A,B,Life experience,After his father was released from prison,Dickens returned to school.He eventually became a law clerk,then a court reporter,and finally a novelist.His first novel,The Pickwick Papers,(匹克威克外传)became a huge popular success when Dickens was only twentyfive.,父亲出狱后，他重新回到学校。后来狄更斯先在一家律师事务所当职员，后来还做过法院书记官，最后才成为小说家。狄更斯25岁时完成了他的第一部小说匹克威克外传，并且取得了巨大成功。,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),A,B,Life experience,He published extensively and was considered a literary celebrity until his death in 1870.,后来他发又表了大量的小说，被誉为文学界的泰斗。他于1870年病逝。,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),Novels,The First Period(1836-1841)1836 Sketches by Boz 特写集 1836-1837 The Pickwick Papers匹克威克外传 1837-1838 Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 1838-1839 Nicholas Nickleby 尼古拉斯尼克尔贝1840-1841 The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店 1841 Barnaby Rudge 巴纳比拉奇,Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),Novels,The Second Period(1842-1850)1842 American Notes 美国札记 1843-1845 Martin Chuzzlewit 马丁朱述 尔维特 1843 A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌 1844 The Chimes教堂钟声 1845 The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀 1846-1848 Dombey and Son 董贝父子 1849-1850 David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔(His best book),Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯(18121870),Novels,The Third Period(1851-1870)1852-1853 Bleak House 荒凉山庄 1854 Hard Times 艰难时世 1855-1857 Little Dorrit 小杜丽 1859 A Tale of Two Cities 双城记 1860-1861 Great Expectations 远大前程 1864-1865 Our Mutual Friend(the worse,last)1870 Edwin Drood)艾德温德鲁德之迷(unfinished),Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯,为纪念狄更斯英国巨资兴建文学主题公园 为了纪念19世纪的文学巨匠查尔斯狄更斯，英国计划斥巨资兴建一座类似“迪斯尼世界”的相关主题公园。建成之后，这将成为世界上第一座以文学为主题的大型主题公园。该主题公园暂命名为“狄更斯世界”(Dickens World)。伦敦商人凯文克里斯蒂(Kevin Christie)策划了这个项目。凯文同时表示，建设这个主题公园是希望更多的年轻人牢记狄更斯。,纪念公园,Great Expectations 远大前程,Plot,The story is divided into three phases of Pips life expectations.When Pip was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like his brother in law.His meeting with Havisham changed his attitude towards life,and he admired he decent way of living like a gentleman.He met Estella and fell love with her,but he cannot marry her because of his inferior status and his expectations changed-raise his social status and to become a gentleman,get a better education and then marry Estella.Pip realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life.What is important is love and loyalty.Mans true value has nothing to do with his money and status.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Plot,Pip lived a humble existence with her ill-tempered older sister and Joe Gargeryher sisters strong but gentle husband.Miss Havisham was an embittered（满腹怨恨的）wealthy woman,who hired Pip occasionally to company her and Estellaher beautiful but haughty（傲慢的）adopted daughter.Pip aspires to leave behind his simple life and be a gentleman,but he still became the apprentice of Joe after stopping visit Miss Havisham,to have a livelihood as a blacksmith.Later,a London attorney,Mr.Jaggers came and informed Pip that he was to come into the Great Expectation of a handsome property and would be trained to be a gentleman at the behest of an anonymous benefactor.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Plot,In London,Pip learned the details of being a gentlemen and was supported by a generous allowance.He found himself in the same circles as Estella,who is also pursued by many other men.He adopted the physical and cultural norms of his new status,and the class attitudes.When Joe came to visit Pip,Pip was embarrassed by Joes unlearned ways,despite his protestations of love and friendship for Joe.In the end,Pip was introduced to his benefactor,and learned the startling truths.His benefactor was that escaped criminal,who threatened him when he was a child,while Estella was the criminals daughter.He cast into doubt the values he once embraced so eagerly,and found that he couldnt regain many of the important things that he had cast aside so carelessly.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Magwitch马格韦契,Joe Gargery乔葛吉瑞,Mrs.Joe Gargery乔葛吉瑞夫人,Biddy毕蒂,Estella艾斯黛拉,Miss Havisham赫薇香小姐,Great Expectations 远大前程,Pip皮普,As a character,Pips two most important traits are his immature,romantic idealism and his innately good conscience.On the one hand,Pip has a deep desire to improve himself and attain any possible advancement,whether educational,moral,or social.His longing to marry Estella and join the upper classes stems from the same idealistic desire as his longing to learn read and his fear of being punished for bad behavior.However Pips idealism often leads him to perceive the world rather narrowly and his tendency to oversimplify situations based on superficial values leads him to behave badly toward the people who care about him.When Pip becomes a gentleman,for example,he immediately begins to act as he thinks a gentleman is supposed to act,which leads him to treat Joe and Biddy snobbishly and coldly.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Pip皮普,On the other hand,Pip is at heart a very generous and sympathetic young man,a fact that can be witnessed in his numerous acts of kindness throughout the book(helping Magwitch,secretly buying Herberts way into business,etc.)and his essential love for all those who love him.Pips main line of development in the novel may be seen as the process of learning to place his innate sense of kindness and conscience above his immature idealism.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Not long after meeting Miss Havisham and Estella,Pips desire for advancement largely overshadows his basic goodness.After receiving his mysterious fortune,his idealistic wishes seem to have been justified,and he gives himself over to gentlemanly life idleness.But the discovery that the wretched Magwitch,not the wealthy Miss Havisham,is his secret benefactor shatters Pips oversimplified sense of his worlds hierarchy.Then he realizes that ones social position is not the most important quality one possesses,and that his behavior as a gentleman has caused him to hurt the people who care about him most.Once he has learned these lessons,Pip matures into the man who narrates the novel.，completing the bildungsroman.,Pip皮普,Great Expectations 远大前程,不成熟的，浪漫的理想主义和与生俱来的良知，是小说人物皮普在性格方面的两个最重要的特点。一方面，皮普非常渴望完善自己，尽可能地提高自己的文化修养，道德素养或身份地位。他渴望与艾斯黛拉结合，并进入上流社会；渴望学会识字，害怕因行为不良而受到惩罚，这都是他的理想主义在作怪。皮普的理想主义使他经常狭隘地看待世界，他往往从表面的价值观出发，把事情过分简单化，从而是他对关心自己的人态度恶劣。例如：皮普成为绅士后，马上就开始效仿他以为绅士应有的言谈举止，对乔和毕蒂态度势力，极其冷淡。另一方面，皮普内心里是个非常慷慨，非常有同情心的年轻人。在整个小说中，他做的很多善事（帮助马格韦契，暗中花钱使赫伯特进入商界等）以及他对所有爱他的人的爱，都证明了这一点。小说中，皮普成长的主线可以说是他学会让与生俱来的善良和良知超越不成熟的理想主义的过程。,Pip皮普,Great Expectations 远大前程,Pip皮普,与赫薇香小姐和艾斯黛拉见面后不久，皮普自我发展的愿望大大掩盖了他本性的善良。得到了神秘财产之后，皮普的理想主义愿望似乎变得合情合理，他沉滞于上等人游手好闲的生活方式。但是，后来皮普发现捐助自己的人是可怜的马格韦契，而不是富有的赫薇香小姐，这彻底动摇了他对等级制度所持有的过于简单的看法。最终他终于认识到，社会地位不是一个人应拥有的最重要的品质，而且他那些上等人的言谈举止已伤害了最关心他的人。认识到这些，小说人物皮普也就成熟了，成了讲故事的皮普，到此，他的成长经历就讲述完了。,Great Expectations 远大前程,Mrs.Joe Gargery,My sister,Mrs.Joe Gargery,was very proud of the fact that she had brought me up“by hand.”Nobody explained to me what this meant,and because she have a hard and heavy hand,which she used to freely on her husband as well as me,I supposed that Joe and I were both brought up by hand.我的姐姐乔葛吉瑞夫人为“亲手”把我带大这一事实感到很自豪。没有人给我解释这是什么意思，而且因为她只有坚实有力的手，所以我以为乔和我都是被“用手”养大的。,Great Expectations 远大前程,Mrs.Joe Gargery,Imperious（傲慢的，专横的，跋扈的）mean（吝啬的，好斗的),aggressive(好斗的),Great Expectations 远大前程,Joe Gargery,Joe Gargery is Pips brother-in-low,the village blacksmith.Although he is uneducated and unrefined,he consistently acts for the benefit of those he loves.Joes quiet goodness makes him one of the few completely sympathetic characters in Great Expectations.乔葛吉瑞,皮普的姐夫，村里的铁匠。虽然乔是个完全没有受过教育的粗人，但是他做任何事都是为了自己所爱的人。乔沉默寡言，心地善良，是远大前程小说中为数不多的几个完全正面的人物之一。,Great Expectations 远大前程,Joe Gargery,Well,to start with,you sisters clever.And Im not.And another thing,and this is serious,old boy,when I think of my poor mothers hard life,Im afraid of not behaving right to a woman.So Id much rather seem a bit weak with Mrs.Joe than shout at her,or hurt her,or hit her.Im just sorry she scolds you as well,Pip,and hits you with the stick.I wish I could take all the scolding myself.唉，首先，你姐姐聪明，而我不行。另一方面，这是真的，老伙计，每当我想起我可怜的妈妈苦难的生活，我就担心对女人举止不当。所以，我宁可对乔太太示弱一点儿，也不愿高声喝呼她，伤害她或打她。我很抱歉，她也责骂你，皮普，还用棍子打你。我希望全部的责骂由我一人承担。,Great Expectations 远大前程,Joe Gargery,I am glad you did.We dont know why youre a convict,but we wouldnt want you to die of hunger.你这样我很高兴，我们不知道你为什么成为囚犯，但我们不希望你饿死。Whatever the fault he had from the start,Remember,reader,he had a good heart.无论他开始就有什么过错。记住，读者，他有一颗好心。quiet,honest,simple,warm-hearted,kind,generous,considerate,etc.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Magwitch马格韦契,A fearsome criminal,Magwitch escapes from prison at the beginning of Great Expectations and terrorizes Pip in the churchyard.Pips kindness,however,makes a deep impression on him,and he subsequently devotes himself to making a fortune and using it to elevate Pip into a higher social class.Behind the scenes,he becomes Pips secret benefactor,funding Pips education and opulent lifestyle in London through the lawyer Jaggers.远大前程故事开始时，那个从监狱逃出来，在墓地恐吓皮普的可怕的罪犯。但是皮普善良的行为给他留下了深刻印。随后他拼命挣钱，用转来的钱帮助皮普进入上流社会。他通过律师贾格斯暗中资助皮普，让皮普在伦敦接受教育，过上富有的生活。,Great Expectations 远大前程,His personality is painfully ambivalent.(矛盾的)The positive thing about him is his sense of gratitude to Pip and his kindness and generosity to the boy.But he can be seen in another,different,light.He is badly treated by an unjust society and resolves to fight back.,Magwitch马格韦契,Great Expectations 远大前程,Miss Havisham赫薇香小姐,Miss Havisham is the wealthy,eccentric old woman who lives in a manor called Satis House near Pips village.She is manic and often seems insane,fitting around her house in a faded wedding dress,keeping a decaying feast on her table,and surrounding herself with clocks stopped at twenty minutes to nine.As a young woman,Miss Havisham was jilted by her fianc minutes before her wedding,and now she has a vendetta against all men.She deliberately raise Estella to be the tool of her revenge,training her beautiful ward to break mens hearts.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Miss Havisham赫薇香小姐,一个富有而性情古怪的女人，住在皮普家村子附近一个叫沙堤斯庄园的大房子里。她性格狂躁，常常使人觉得她精神不正常。她总是穿着一件褪了色的结婚礼服在屋子里走来走去，桌上摆着早已腐烂的宴席，屋里所有的钟表都停在8点40分。年轻时，赫薇香小姐在结婚当天被未婚夫抛弃。从此，她对所有的男人都充满仇恨。她有意把艾斯黛拉培养成报复男人的工具，训练这位漂亮的被监护人去伤男人的心。,Great Expectations 远大前程,Miss Havisham is an example of single-minded vengeance pursued destructively:both Miss Havisham and the people in her life suffer greatly because of her quest for revenge.Miss Havisham is completely unable to see that her actions are hurtful to Pip and Estella.She is redeemed at the end of the novel when she realizes that she has caused Pips heart to be broken in the same manner as her own,rather than achieving any kind of personal revenge,she has only caused more pain.Miss Havisham immediately begs Pip for forgiveness,reinforcing the novels theme that bad behavior can be redeemed by contrition and sympathy.,Miss Havisham赫薇香小姐,Great Expectations 远大前程,赫薇香小姐是那种一心一意要报复，但最终导致了巨大痛苦的典型人物形象：她自己和周围的人都因伺机复仇而遭受了极大的痛苦。她根本看不到自己的行为会伤害皮普和艾斯黛拉。在小说的结尾，赫薇香小姐获得了新生，因为她已经意识到，她的行为让皮普像自己一样伤心断肠，而她不但没有实现报仇的目的，反而造成了更多人的痛苦。赫薇香小姐随即请求皮普的原谅，这突出了小说的主题：悔悟和同情可以弥补过错。,Miss Havisham赫薇香小姐,Great Expectations 远大前程,Great Expectations 远大前程,Estella艾斯黛拉,Miss Havishams beautiful young ward,Estella is Pips unattainable dream throughout the novel.He loves her passionately,but,though she sometimes seems to consider him a friend,she is usually cold,cruel,and uninterested in him.As they grow up together,she repeatedly warns him that she has no heart.由赫薇香小姐监护的一位漂亮姑娘，是皮普一直追求却难以实现的梦想。皮普深爱着她，尽管有时艾斯黛拉偶尔也会把皮普当作朋友，但通常对他都是冷漠无情、不感兴趣的。随着他们一起长大，艾斯黛拉一次又一次地警告皮普，说自己是个没有心的人。,Great Expectations 远大前程,Biddy 毕蒂,Biddy a simple,kindhearted girl,Biddy first befriends Pip when they attend school together.After Mrs.Joe is attacked and becomes an invalid,Biddy moves into Pips home to care for her.Throughout most of the novel,Biddy represents the opposite of Estella;she is plain,kind,moral,and of Pips own social class.毕蒂，一个性格单纯，心地善良的乡村女孩。她是在与皮普一同上学时成为朋友的。乔大嫂被袭击并瘫痪后，毕蒂搬到皮普家帮助乔照顾她。在小说的大多数章节中，她代表的是艾斯黛拉的对立面：她相貌平平，待人友好，做事遵循道德，与皮普属于同一社会阶层。,Great Expectations 远大前程,The moral theme of Great Expectations is quiet simple:affection,loyalty,and conscience are more important than social advancement,wealth,and class.远大前程包含的道德主题很简单：真爱、忠诚和良知比社会地位的提高、财富和社会阶层更为重要。,Theme,Great Expectations 远大前程,Symbols,Satis HouseA magnificent Gothic setting symbolizes Pips romantic perception of upper classes.Miss Havishams wedding dress on her decaying body is a symbol of death and degeneration.The wedding feast and the stopped clocks symbolize her attempt to stick to that day;the brewery next to the house indicates the connection between commerce and wealth,for her fortune is of a recent success in industrial capitalism;the crumbling dilapidated stones of the house and darkness and dust suggest the general decadence of the lives of its inhabitants and the upper class.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Symbols,The mists on the marshesThe misty marshes are used several times to symbolize danger and uncertainty.Whenever Pip goes into the mists,something dangerous is likely to happen.Significantly,Pip must go through the mists when receiving his fortune,which alerts the reader the apparently positive development in his life may have dangerous consequences.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Doubles 成双成对,One of the most remarkable aspects of Dickenss work is its structural intricacy and remarkable balance.Dickenss plots involve complicated coincidences,extraordinarily tangled webs of human relationship,and highly dramatic developments in which setting,atmosphere,event,and character are all seamlessly fused.,Great Expectations 远大前程,Doubles 成双成对,Two convicts on the marsh(Magwitch and Compeyson)Two invalids(Mrs.Joe and Miss Havisham)Two young