法律英语LEGAL ENGLISH.ppt
LEGAL ENGLISH,Whats the difference between God and a lawyer?God doesnt think Hes a lawyer.,Children who never come when called will grow up to be doctors.Children who come before they are called will grow up to be lawyers.,Eat Own Sandwiches(joke),Two attorneys went into a diner and ordered two drinks.Then they produced sandwiches from their briefcases(公文包)and started to eat.The owner became quite concerned and marched over and told them,“You cant eat your own sandwiches here！”The attorneys looked at each other,shrugged their shoulders and then exchanged sandwiches.,Why do lawyers carry their certification on their dashboard(挡风玻璃)?So they can park in the handicapped parking;its proof of a moral disability.,Different Features of Legal English,Legal English VocabularyLegal English Sentence Legal English Translation,Introduction,1、Conception:Legal English is the style of common written English in legal profession including laws,codes,ordinances(条例),regulations(规章),agreements,verdicts(判决)and rulings(裁定),etc.esp.refers to the English used by lawyers and other legal professionals in the course of their work.,Laws and codes:usu.Made by Parliament or CouncilOrdinance:an order given by ruler or governing bodyRegulation:an official rule or order,such as Tax Regulations;Safety Regulations;Regulations governing the sale of gunsLegal language is the work tool for the legal profession.,2、History:In the pase,the existence of law depends on peoples memories.Latin words were completely used as the language of judicial proceedings and law documents.,During the medieval period,lawyers used a mixture of Latin,French and English.Finally,lawyers used the English as the formal Legal language.,3、Different Features:Solemn 庄重Rigid 刻板Mystical 神秘,Discussion:1、Is legal English a knowledge or a skill？（何书P8）2、Which skill among understanding(listening),speaking,reading and writing is the most important one for studying legal English？,Overview of Legal English Vocabulary,1、使用正式的词语Buy PurchaseChange Modify/AlterEnd TerminateGo ProceedMake RenderBegin/Start Commence,Show DemonstrateUse UtilizeEnough SufficientAlone SolelyBegin InitiateAccording to In accordance withRelating to As to,Reach AttainMore than In the excess ofInstead of In lieu ofIf In the event thatA year Per annumUnder Pursuit toTo Unto,Issue PromulgateKeep RetainThe dead The deceasedMust,May,Will Shall(美国法律文书)May do 可以做什么Shall do 应该做什么Must do/may not do/shall not do 必须做什么,Any deviation(绕航)in saving or attempting to save life or property at sea or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an infringement or breach of this convention or of the contract of carriage,and the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage resulting therefrom.(夏书P29),The parties hereto shall,first of all,settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations,should such negotiation fail,such disputes may be reached to the Peoples Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the dispute contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.(夏书P30),2、使用具有独特法律含义的常用词That is a sensitive issue(问题).The man died without issue(直系继承人).,At twenty,hes just beginning to find himself.The jury found(裁定)him guilty of manslaughter(过失杀人罪).The jury found for the plaintiffs and judgment was entered for more than 150000 in triple compensatory damages and 6 million in punitive damages.（夏书P57）Find for/against 做有利于/不利于的裁决,Adverse 非法的Avoid 废止Battery 伤害；殴打罪Consideration 对价Counterpart 副本Covenant 契约Condemn 判刑，定罪Declaration 申诉书Letter 许可证书,Demise 转让Demur 抗辩Exhibit 物证Executed 生效的Hear 听证Hand 签名Immunity 豁免权Instrument 法律文本Leave 休庭,Master 雇主Motion 请求，动议Proceed 起诉Party 缔约方Plead 申辩Prayer 诉讼请求Appeal 上诉Prescription 时效Challenge 回避,Bench 法官 Party 当事人 Opinion 判决意见Sentence 判决Serve 送达Specialty 盖印合同Undo 勾引，诱奸Vacation 休庭期Warrant 拘捕令,3、使用部分古英语和中古英语主要是以here,there和where与介词合成的词Aforesaid/Aforementioned 上述的 The aforementioned were present at the trial.Herein 此中，于此 The law does not recognize this type of evidence,and herein lies the problem(问题就在于此).,Hereinafter 在下文 Messrs Wilson and Cartwright,hereinafter referred to as“the insurers”(承保人),Thereto 随附，加于协议之上 any conditions attaching thereto,Thereof 其中，属于它 All citizens of the United States are ruled by the laws thereof.Thereunder 在其下 the land,with any minerals found thereunder,Hereafter 此后Whereof 关于那个Hereof 在本文件中Hereto 至此Heretofore 在此之前Hereunder 在本文下面Herewith 和一起Hereby 由此Hereunto 于是,Hereinabove 在上文Hereinbefore 在上文Whereby 靠那个Thereafter 此后Therefrom 由此Therein 其中Thereto 在那里Thereon 在其上Wherein 在那方面,Forthwith 即刻Henceforth 此后Said 上述Whilst 在期间Viz./videlicet(fml):that is to say On most English farms youll find only three kinds of animal,viz.sheep,cattle and pigs.,4、使用外来语,法语词汇：Alien 让与（transfer）Fee simple and fee tail 无条件继承及限定继承的不动产Laches 就行使权利方面的懈怠或耽误La reine le veut 女王批准Metes and bounds 分界线,Voire dire 忠实回答宣誓，预先审查 The judge conducted the voire dire examination of the potential jurior(预备陪审员).Laissez-passer（联合国职员外出所持的）通行证、护照Venue 犯罪行为发生地 Venue lies in this district pursuant to 28 USC(美国法典)1391,Demurrer 抗辩Estoppels 禁止发言Esquire 绅士In lieu of 代替Oyez 肃静Save 除外Specialty 盖印合同,Lien 留置权Easement 地役权Tort 民事侵权Faute de servce 公务过失Non-lieu(证据不足)不予起诉,拉丁语词汇：Prima facie 表面的，初步的，基本的Res judicata 既判力Ad hoc 临时地，专门地Pro bono 为了公益Alibi 不在犯罪现场In personam 对人的，属人的Amicus curiae 法庭之友（即法院临时顾问）,De facto 事实上De jure 法律上 de jure ownership 法律上的所有权 de facto family 事实上的家庭（指非婚同居家庭）Stare decisis 遵从先例原则Nemo est supra leges 任何人不得凌驾于法律之上,Res gestae 案件事实Res gestae witness 目击 证人Bona fide 真诚地Per se 自身Affidavit 宣誓书Alias 化名，别名Pro rata 按比例,De novo 重新Et al.等等Exparte 片面的，单方的Versus 诉Habeas corpus 人身保护令 In re 关于In rem 对物的,德语词汇：Recht auf arbeit 工作的权利Verbrechen 违法行为，犯罪,5、使用法律术语和行话、套话法律术语：Alibi 不在犯罪现场Burden of proof 举证责任Cause of action 案由Reasonable doubt 合理怀疑Due process 正当程序Due diligence 审慎调查,Prejudice 损害Felony 重罪Misdemeanor 轻罪Lessee 承租人Lessor 出租人Plaintiff 原告Defendant 被告,Damages 损害赔偿金Bail 保释Remedy 救济,起草合同文件时常用的套话：Alleged 被指称/指控的Argumentative 好争辩的Alter ego 另一自我At issue 争论点Issue of law 法律问题Issue of fact 事实问题Breaking and entering 破门而入,Pierce the corporate veil 揭开公司面纱Pursuant to stipulation 根据规定Cause of action 诉讼原因,案由Superior court 高级法院Inferior court 下级法院Due care 适当地小心Without prejudice to 在不影响或损害的情况下Well settled 满意解决,起诉书中常用的套话：It is the plaintiffs position that the dispute arising between the plaintiff and the defendant shall be under the jurisdiction of the Chinas laws.(胡书P10),Pursuant to the relevant PRC laws and regulations,the defendant shall assume the civil liabilities accordingly for,答辩书常用的套话：With respect to the complaint in relation to the dispute arising out of between plaintiff and defendant,defendant hereby responds as follows:,By reason of the foregoing(综上所述),we hereby request the court to reject the plaintiffs action according to law.,6、使用赘言赘语,Acknowledge and confessAll and everyAlter or changeBind and obligateDeem and considerEach and everyFit and proper,Entirely and completelyFinal and conclusiveFraud and deceitAttorney and counselor at lawBy and throughCease and desist,Changes、variations and modificationsFair and equitableFalse and fraudulentFinish and completeFull and completeGive and grantVoid and no force,In truth and in factObligation and liabilityRight、title and interestSeized and possessedJust and reasonableSole and exclusiveVoid and of no value,7、使用模糊词语More than/less thanNot more than/not less than 以下/以上Adequate 适当的，充分的All reasonable means 合理的方式Clear and convincing(evidence)明确而令人信服的,Consequential 重大的Due care and attention 应有的小心和注意 Excessive defense 防卫过当 Improper 不适当的Malice 恶意的 malice in fact/in lawReasonable man/person 理性人Serious misconduct 重大的渎职行为,Whoever sets fire,breaches dikes(决堤),causes explosions(爆炸),and spreads poison(投毒);employs other dangerous means that lead to serious injuries or death;or causes public or private property major losses is to be sentenced to not less than ten years of fixed-term imprisonment,life imprisonment,or death.(胡书P11),Whoever commits the crimes in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be sentenced to not less than three years to not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment;or not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment,or criminal detention(拘役),when circumstances are relatively minor.,8、使用精确词语The death penalty may be imposed only for offences of treason(叛国罪),piracy or setting fire to any of Her Majestys warships or dockyards(造船厂).It may not in any event be passed on a person under 18 years of age,nor on an expectant mother(孕妇).(胡书P12),
