对数控机床维修五步到位法的探索中英文对照.doc

对数控机床维修五步到位法的探索中英文对照For nc machine tool maintenance five-step method in exploration of contrast in both Chinese and English 摘要随着国内数控机床的迅速发展,数控机床逐步出现故障高发时段。然而,目前的数控维修工作混乱无序,根本不能适应数控行业快速发展的步伐。为了使数控维修工作适应现代化制造业的发展,提高数控设备维修质量,那么规范数控维修行业,已经迫在眉睫。本文通过阐述五步到位法,使其具有可利用性、可持续发展性,为规范数控维修行业奠定坚实的基础。. abstract with the rapid development of domestic CNC machine tools, nc machine tool malfunction peak time step by step. Current CNC maintenance work disorder, however, cannot adapt to the pace of the rapid development of nc industry. In order to make the CNC maintenance work adapt to the development of modern manufacturing industry, improve the quality of numerical control equipment maintenance, then the standard CNC maintenance industry, has been imminent. Based on the five steps in place, make its have availability, sustainable, lay a solid foundation for standard CNC maintenance industry. 关键词数控维修 五步到位法 探索key words CNC maintenance method to explore five steps in place 一、前言One, foreword 随着我国机械加工的快速发展,国内的数控机床也越来越多。由于数控机床的先进性和故障的不稳定性,大部分故障都是以综合故障形式出现,所以数控机床的维修难度较大,并且数控机床维修工作的不规范,使得数控维修工作处于一种混乱状态,为了规范数控维修工作,提高数控机床的利用价值,本文提出五步到位数控维修法。With the rapid development of the mechanical processing in our country, the domestic nc machine tools are more and more. Due to the instability of the advanced nature of numerical control machine tools and fault, most of the fault is integrated form, so the numerical control machine tool maintenance is difficult, and the numerical control machine tool maintenance is not standard, making CNC maintenance work is in a state of chaos, in order to standardize the CNC maintenance work, increase the use value of the nc machine tools, CNC maintenance method this paper put forward five steps in place. 二、五步到位法Second, the five steps in place 1.故障记录到位1. The fault records in place 数控机床发生故障时,对于操作人员应首先停止机床,保护现场,并对故障进行尽可能详细的记录,并及时通知维修人员。Nc machine tool failure occurs, to operating personnel shall, first of all, stop the machine, protect the scene, and the fault are recorded in as much detail as possible, and promptly notify the maintenance personnel. 故障发生时的情况记录(1) record of failure 1)发生故障的机床型号,采用的控制系统型号,系统的软件版本号。1) the failure model of machine tool, control system model, system software version number. 2)故障的现象,发生故障的部位,以及发生故障时机床与控制系统的现象。2) the failure phenomenon, failure, and failure phenomenon of machine tool and control system. 3)发生故障时系统所处的操作方式。3) failure system's operating mode. 4)若故障在自动方式下发生,则应记录发生故障时的加工程序号,出现故障的程序段号,加工时采用的刀具号等。4) if a fault occurs in automatic mode, you should record the failure process, failure in the procedures section, and is used when processing cutting tool number, etc. 5)若发生加工精度超差或轮廓误差过大等故障,应记录被加工工件号,并保留不合格工件。5) in case of machining accuracy out-of-tolerance or contour error is too large, etc, shall be recorded by machining, and keep the unqualified parts. 6)在发生故障时,若系统有报警显示,则记录系统的报警显示情况与报警号。6) in the event of a failure, if there is alarm system, according to the record system of the alarm display and alarm number. 7)记录发生故障时,各坐标轴的位置跟随误差的值。7) record a failure occurs, the axes position follow error value. 8)记录发生故障时,各坐标轴的移动速度、移动方向,主轴转速、转向等。8) recording a failure occurs, the axis of moving velocity, moving direction, spindle speed, steering, etc. 故障发生的频繁程度记录2 failure frequency of record 1)故障发生的时例与周期。1) the failure cases and cycle. 2)故障发生时的环境情况。2) failure of environmental conditions. 3)若为加工零件时发生的故障,则应记录加工同类工件时发生故障的概率情况。3) for processing parts failure occurs, you should record the probability of failure happens when processing the same workpiece. 4)检查故障是否与“进给速度”、“换刀方式”或是“螺纹切削”等特殊动作有关。4) check if failure and "feed rate", "transfer mode" or "thread cutting and other special action. 故障的规律性记录。(3) failure regularity of record. 故障时的外界条件记录。(4) failure of external conditions. 2.故障检查到位2. The fault inspection in place 维修人员故障维修前,应根据故障现象与故障记录,认真对照系统、机床使用说明书进行各顶检查以便确认故障的原因。当数控设备出现故障时,首先要搞清故障现象,向操作人员了解第一次出现故障时的情况,在可能的情况下观察故障发生的过程,观察故障是在什么情况下发生的,怎么发生的,引起怎样的后果。搞清了故障现象,然后根据机床和数控系统的工作原理,就可以很快地确诊并将故障排除,使设备恢复正常使用。故障检查包括:Maintenance personnel before the breakdown maintenance, should according to the fault phenomena and fault recording, seriously control system and machine tool operating instructions for all inspection in order to identify the cause of failure. When nc equipment fault occurs, the first to find out fault phenomenon, to operating personnel understand the failure for the first time, where possible, observe the failure process, observe the fault is in what circumstances happen, happened, cause what kind of consequences. Clarified the failure phenomenon, and then according to the working principle of machine tool and numerical control system, can be quickly diagnosed and troubleshooting, make the equipment return to normal use. Fault inspection include: 机床的工作状况检查。(1) the working conditions of machine tool inspection. 机床运转情况检查。2 the workings of the machine tool inspection. 机床和系统之间连接情况检查。(3) check connections between machines and systems. CNC装置的外观检查。(4) the appearance of the CNC device check. 维修时应记录检查的原始数据、状态,记录越详细,维修就越方便,用户最好编制一份故障维修记录表,在系统出现故障时,操作者可以根据表的要求及时填入各种原始材料,供维修时参考。Maintenance should be recorded when checking the raw data, status, record the more detailed, maintenance is more convenient, users had better prepare a breakdown maintenance records, failure in the system, the operator can according to the requirements of table to fill in the various raw materials, for reference in maintenance. 3. 诊断故障到位3. The fault diagnosis in place 故障诊断是进行数控机床维修的第二步,故障诊断是否到位,直接影响着排除故障的快慢,同时也起到预防故障的发生与扩大的作用。首先维修人员应遵循以下两条原则:Fault diagnosis is the second step in the numerical control machine tool maintenance, fault diagnosis is in place, directly affects the speed of troubleshooting, but also have the effect of prevent the happening of the fault and expansion. First of all maintenance personnel should follow the following two principles: (1)充分调查故障现场。这是维修人员取得维修第一手材料的一个重要手段。(1) full investigation failure on site. This is the maintenance personnel maintenance first-hand material is an important means. (2)认真分析故障的原因。分析故障时,维修人员不应局限于 CNC部分,而是要对机床强电、机械、液压、气动等方面都作详细的检查,并进行综合判断,达到确珍和最终排除故障的目的。(2) carefully analyse the causes of failure. Failure analysis, maintenance personnel should not be limited to the CNC parts, but to heavy current of nc machine tools, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc all details of the inspection, and make a comprehensive judgment, to Jane and ultimately the purpose of troubleshooting. 1)直观法。2)系统自诊断法。3)参数检查法。4)功能程序测试法。5)部件交换法。6)测量比较法。7)原理分析法。8)敲击法。9)局部升温法。10)转移法。1) the intuitive method. 2) since the diagnosis system. 3) parameter test. 4) function test program. 5) component exchange method. 6) measurement comparison method. 7) principle analysis. 8) tapping method. 9) local ShengWenFa. 10) transfer method. 除了以上介绍的故障检测方法外,还有插拔法、电压拉偏法、敲击法等等,这些检查方法各有特点,维修人员可以根据不同的现象对故障进行综合分析,缩小故障范围,排除故障。In addition to the above introduction of fault detection method, insertion method, voltage deviation, tapping and so on, these inspection methods have different characteristics, maintenance personnel can according to different phenomenon to comprehensive analysis of fault, narrowing the scope of failure and troubleshooting. 4.维修方法到位4. Maintenance method in place 在数控机床维修中,维修方法的选择到位不到位直接影响着机床维修的质量,在维修过程中经常使用的维修方法有以下几种:In CNC machine maintenance, maintenance methods of choice in place does not reach the designated position directly influences the quality of machine maintenance, the maintenance is often used in the process of maintenance method has the following kinds: (1)初始化复位法。由于瞬时故障引起的系统报警,可用硬件复位或开关系统电源依次来清除故障,若系统工作存贮区由于掉电、拔插线路板或电池欠压造成混乱,则必须对系统进行初始化清除,清除前应注意作好数据拷贝记录,若初始化后故障仍无法排除,则进行硬件诊断。(1) initializes the reset method. Caused by transient fault alarm system, available hardware reset or power switch system in order to clear the fault, if the system working storage area due to power off, the circuit board or the battery voltage cause confusion, it must be initialized to the system clear, should be paid attention to clear before to make a good record of data copy, if still cannot be ruled out after initialization failure, hardware diagnosis. (2)参数更改,程序更正法。系统参数是确定系统功能的依据,参数设定错误就可能造成系统的故障或某功能无效。有时由于用户程序错误亦可造成故障停机,对此可以采用系统搜索功能进行检查,改正所有错误,以确保其正常运行。(2) the parameter changes, more understand the program. Is to determine the system function on the basis of system parameters, parameter setting error can cause system fault or some function is invalid. Sometimes also can cause downtime due to user program error, this search function can be used for inspection, correct all errors and to ensure its normal operation. (3)调节、最佳化调整法。调节是一种最简单易行的办法。通过对电位计的调节,修正系统故障。(3) the adjustment and optimization of control. Regulation is one of the most simple way. Through to the potentiometer adjustment, correction system failure. (4)备件替换法。用好的备件替换诊断出坏的线路板,并做相应的初始化启动,使机床迅速投入正常运转,然后将坏板修理或返修,这是目前最常用的排故办法。(4) spare parts replacement. Diagnosed with bad PCB replace with good parts, and do the corresponding initialization, make the machine tool quickly put into normal operation, then repair or repair the bad board, this is by far the most common troubleshooting methods. (5)改善电源质量法。目前一般采用稳压电源,来改善电源波动。对于高频干扰可以采用电容滤波法,通过这些预防性措施来减少电源板的故障。(5) to improve power supply quality standard. At present generally adopts the regulated power supply, to improve the power supply fluctuations. Capacitance filtering method can be used for high frequency interference, through these preventive measures to reduce the power board failure. (6)维修信息跟踪法。一些大的制造公司根据实际工作中由于设计缺陷造成的偶然故障,不断修改和完善系统软件或硬件。这些修改以维修信息的形式不断提供给维修人员(6) maintenance information tracking method. Some of the biggest manufacturing company according to the practical work of accidental failure due to design flaws, constantly modify and improve the system of software or hardware. These changes in the form of maintenance information constantly available to maintenance personnel (7)修复法。对数控机床的故障进行恢复性修复、调整、复位行程开关、修复脱焊、断线、修复机械故障等。(7) the repair method. Restorative for nc machine tool fault repair, adjust, reset the switch, repair welding, bolt and repair of mechanical failure, etc. 5.维修记录到位5. Maintenance records in place 维修时应记录、检查的原始数据、状态较多,记录越详细,维修就越方便,用户最好根据本厂的实际清况,编制一份故障维修记录表,在系统出现故障时,操作者可以根据表的要求及时填入各种原始材料,供再维修时参考。Maintenance, check the raw data, we should record when state is more, record the more detailed, maintenance is more convenient, users had better according to our actual conditions, preparation of a fault maintenance records, failure in the system, the operator can according to the requirements of table to fill in the various raw materials, reference for repair again. 通常维修记录包括以下几方面的内容;(1)现场记录;(2)故障原因;(3)解决方法;(4)遗留的问题;(5)日期和停工的时间;(6)维修人员情况;(7)资料记录。Usually the content of the maintenance records include the following aspects; (1) the record; (2) the cause of the problem; (3) solution; (4) the legacy of problems; (5) the date and the shutdown of the time; (6) maintenance personnel; (7) data record. 三、结束语Third, the conclusion 五步到位法的实施,提高重复性故障的维修速度,提高维修者的理论水平和维修能力,有利于分析设备的故障率及可维修性,改进操作规程,提高机床寿命和利用率,并能充分实现资源共享。使其具有可利用性、可持续发展性,为规范数控维修行业奠定坚实的基础。Five steps in the implementation of the method, speed up the repair of repeated failure and improve the theory level of WeiXiuZhe and repair ability, is advantageous to the analysis of equipment failure rate and maintainability, improve operational procedures, improve the utilization rate of machine tool life and and can be fully realized resources sharing. Has the availability, sustainable development, lay a solid foundation for standard CNC maintenance industry. 参考文献:References: 1沈兵,历承兆.数控系统诊断与维修手册.北京机械工业出版社, 2009.Carried out 1, through ChengZhao. CNC system diagnosis and maintenance manuals. Machinery industry press, 2009. 2杨中力.数控机床故障诊断与维修.天津:天津理工大学出版社, 2008.2 Yang Zhongli. Nc machine tool fault diagnosis and maintenance. Tianjin: tianjin university of science and technology press, 2008. 3孙伟.数控设备故障诊断与维修技术.北京国防工业出版社, 2008.3. Sun nc equipment fault diagnosis and maintenance technology. Beijing national defence industry press, 2008.