高中英语非谓语动词专题讲座.ppt

高中英语学习课件,非谓语动词专题讲座（1）,目 录,非谓语动词作主语,非谓语动词作宾语,非谓语动词作宾补,非谓语动词作主补,非谓语动词作表语,1.非谓语动词的基本概念,非谓语动词指可以担当除谓语外其它语法功能的动词形式。它有以下三种形式：非谓语动词,1）动词不定式2）-ing分词 3）过去分词,动名词现在分词,1.非谓语动词作主语,提纲：1）.哪种非谓语动词可以作主语？2）.什么语境里使用动名词作主语？3）.什么时候用不定式作主语？,1.非谓语动词作主语,一.动名词作主语主要有以下两种情形1）表示泛指的动作多用-ing形式作主语，例如：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.躺床上看书对眼睛不好。【名题解析】1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？-_ her new bicycle.（1997上海）A.As she lost BLost CLosing DBecause of2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.(28.2005BJMET)A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.having,C,D,1.非谓语动词作主语,【名题解析】1.What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bicycle【06 HENMET.8】AAs she lost BLost CLosing DBecause of losing2.Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions.Its no use _ with him.【06 SHHMET.31】A.to argue B.arguing C.argued D.having argued3.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.【05 BJ.28】A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.having,C,B,D,1.非谓语动词作主语,2）在下列句型中用之：Its no good smoking,youd better give it up吸烟没好处，你还是戒了的好。Its a waste of time waiting here.在这里等是浪费时间。Its so nice talking to you.很高兴和你谈话。【名题解析】Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions.Its no use _ with him.（31.2006 SHHMET）A.to argue B.arguing C.argued D.having argued There is no joking about such matters.这种玩笑开不得。There is no denying the fact that the students health has declined.不容否认学生的健康状况下降了。,B,1.非谓语动词作主语,3)不定式作主语一般多用于书面语。例如：To hold the Olympic Games in Beijing will benefit Beijing Greatly.北京举办奥运会将让北京受益非浅。（特指）很多情况下，尤其是口语中，常有“it”义务来作形式主语。例如：Its not difficult for me to learn English 对我来讲英语不难学。（表示人的品格属性）Its really kind of you to let us use your swimming-pool.感谢你让我们用你的游泳池。（用于描述事物）,1.非谓语动词作主语,小结：1）泛指某一行为动作就用-ing形式；意指某一特定行为动作就用不定式。2）It is no good/use doing sth.3）It is a waste of time doing sth.4）It is adj.of sb.to do sth.(言人)5）It is adj.for sb.to do sth.（言物）,2.非谓语动词作表语,三种非谓语动词都可以作表语。但高考主要考查学生对过去分词作表语在具体语境中的使用能力。请识记下列短语：get started“启动”；get changed“换装”；get cornered“受困”；get trapped“受困”；get dressed“穿衣”。【名题解析】1）Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.（2004 NMET I 28）A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to changed,A,2.非谓语动词作表语,【名题解析】2.【07.SHDMET.26】Please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop.Ato seal Bto be seated Cseating Dseated【解析】：remain是系动词，而seat是使动词，通常跟be,remain,stay等系动词连用。Remain/stay seated=stay in your seat.继续坐着此题是摘自P.1774朗文当代高级英语词典。所以，答案选：。,D,3.非谓语动词作宾语,提纲：1）.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有哪些？2）.以to结尾的短语动词有哪些？3）.哪些动词只能跟不定式作宾语？4）.象need,remember等少数动词后既可以接动名词又可以跟不定式。它们之间有什么区别？,3.非谓语动词作宾语,1）只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit,advise，finish,avoid，escape,delay，consider,dislike,mind,miss,suggest，enjoy，practise，imagine，appreciate（感激）,risk（冒险）等等。【名题解析】1）He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.（32.2005SHH）A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost 2）It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration.（13.2006 SHXMET）A.accept B.accepting C.to accept D.accepted,B,B,3.非谓语动词作宾语,2）以介词to结尾的短语动词后面要跟-ing形式。常见的有：be used to“习惯于”；look forward to“盼望”；be devoted to“致力于”；make a contribution to“为做出贡献”；get down to“着手”；come close to“差一点就”，refer to“谈及”；when it comes to“当说起”；be addicted to“沉溺于”；adapt to“适应”【名题解析】Car 17 won the race.Yes,but its driver came close to _.A.having been killed B.have been killed C.be killed D.being killed,D,3.非谓语动词作宾语,3）只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：aim,arrange,afford,agree,claim,decide,expect,manage,offer,plan,pretend,fail,refuse,threaten等。【名题解析】1）I cant stand with Jane in the same office.She just refuses talking while she works.（35.2006 BJ）A.working;stopping B.to work;stoppingC.working;to stop D.to work;to stop2）I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the managers plan is unfair.（12.2005TJMET）A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded,C,A,3.非谓语动词作宾语,4）少数动词既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，但二者之间的意义不同 Need,want,require“要求”,deserve“值得”接不定式表示“主动”；接动名词表示被动。例句：The wall needs painting.The wall needs to be painted.Remember,forget,regret,mean,try,etc.接不定式表示动作晚于谓语动词，而接动名词表示动作早于谓语动词。例句：Remember to give the book back to me.I remember seeing him somewhere.,3.非谓语动词作宾语,考查重点:1.考查考生是否知道哪些动词只能跟不定式，而哪些动词后只能动名词。如：manage to do sth;而enjoy doing sth.2.少数动词既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词。考查考生是否知道二者之间的区别。如：remember to do sth.和remember doing sth.3.结合动名词前逻辑主语来考查非谓语动词的用法。,3.非谓语动词作宾语,走进高考1.例题1（95NMET19）We agree _ here but so far she hasnt turned up.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met2.例题2（97SHMET）She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.to cleaned D.be cleaned,C,A,3.非谓语动词作宾语,走进高考3.例题3（12.2005TJMET）I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the managers plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded4.例题4(2001 SHMET(春)28)Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.to admit,A,A,3.非谓语动词作宾语,走进高考5.【07.SHXMET.9】As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area_.Aneed repairingBneeds to repairCneeds repairingDneed to repair6.【07.ANHMET.30】-Robert is indeed a wise man.-Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!Ato take Btaking Cnot to take Dnot taking,A,C,3.非谓语动词作宾语,走进高考7.【07.JSMET.28】-Can I smoke here?-Sorry.We dont allow _ here.Apeople smoking Bpeople smoke Cto smoke DSmoking8【07.LNMET.34】Youll imagine what difficulty we had_ home in the snowstorm.Awalked Bwalk Cto walk Dwalking,B,D,3.非谓语动词作宾语,走进高考9.【04 FJMET.34】Having been ill in bed for months,he had a hard time _ the exam.A.pass B.to pass C.passed D.passing10.It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration.【06 SHXMET.13】A.accept B.accepting C.to accept D.accepted11.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.（91MET34）A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed,D,B,C,3.非谓语动词作宾语,仿真试题1.例题1(2006天津市十二所重点高中联合测试32)Were you busy last weekend?Very.Rather than _ time playing cards as usual,I devoted every effort to _ an advertisement.A.waste;make B.wasting;making C.to waste;make D.a waste of;make解析 此题考查非谓语动词作介宾。题干中第二个空前to是介词，所以要用动名词；rather than是连词，用来连接 making和另一个非谓语动词，根据并列连词前后词性对等原则，其后也应该使用动名词。答案：B,A,3.非谓语动词作宾语,仿真试题2.例题2（2007成都市高三诊断性检测题 23）The manager has had some problems _ whether they should borrow the money from the banker.A.to decide B.deciding C.decided D.having decided解析 本题的基本句式是have some problems(in)doing sth。在英语中有些动词、形容词、名词后的介词通常可以省掉，如：have some(no)trouble/difficulty a hard time（in）doing sth;可是：have some time to do sth.答案：B,B,3.非谓语动词作宾语,仿真试题3.例题3（2006青岛高三检测题（二）31）The situation is likely to get out of control in Iraq.The U.S.has no alternative but _the UN for help.A.turn to B.turning to C.to turn to D.turns to解析 本题考点同例题16。But 虽为介词，但其后要求接带to 的不定式。答案：C,C,4.非谓语动词作宾补,提纲：1）.非谓语动词的基本属性是什么？2）.哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补？3）.哪些动词后面要跟现在分词作宾补？4）.哪些动词后面要接过去分词作宾补？5）.哪些动词后面要接省掉to的不定式作宾补？,4.非谓语动词作宾补,基本概念:1.不定式的基本属性：表示将来，说明不定式所表示的动作和逻辑主语呈主动关系。如果二者之间是被动关系就用to be done.2.现在分词的基本属性：表示正在进行。它所表示的动作和逻辑主语呈现主动关系。动名词有被动体，而现在分词没有被动体。3.过去分词的基本属性：表示被动，几可以表示已经形成的状态，也可以表示将来的条件。,4.非谓语动词作宾补,1）下列动词接不定式作宾补。它们是：ask,tell,cause,force,want,enable,feel,find,get,let,allow,expect,prefer,permit,inspire,hear,help,order,invite,encourage,warn,remind,oblige。例句：This allow the farmers to grow an extra crop.这可以让农民多中一茬庄稼。2）下列动词接现在分词作宾补。它们是：have,see,hear,feel,find,watch，leave，catch等。例如：Dont have your son sitting so close to the TV.不要叫你儿子坐得离电视那么近。,4.非谓语动词作宾补,3）下列动词接过去分词作宾补。它们是：have,get,make,see,hear,feel,make,have,get 等。例句：Please speak louder so as to make yourself heard.请大声点，以便大家能听见。4）下列动词接剩掉to的不定式作宾补。它们是：是使役动词let,make 和 have；另一类是感官动词see,hear,feel 等。例句：Whom do you have go with you?你想带谁去？,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析1.【07.NMET.I.29】I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt【解析】：smell sth.Burning“闻到某物烧着了”,该结构中使用了现在分词作宾补。感官动词,如smell,find,hear,catch等。另外还有使役动词如leave，have,keep等。所以，答案选：。,A,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析2.【07.SHHMET.34】After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice him.Acalling Bcalled Cbeing called Dto call【解析】：动词hear之后可以接三种动词形式作宾补：hear sb.do sth.“听着某人做了什么”，暗示了不定式动作全过程对听觉的作用；hear sth.done“听见什么（被人）做过”；首先暗示了sth.和done之间的被动关系；其次暗示了分词的动作发生过了；hear sb.doing sth.“听见某人在干什么”;强调了分词动作给人听觉形成的瞬间作用。所以，答案选：。,A,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析3.【04 TJMET.34】Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A.run B.running C.being run D.to run【解析】：动词leave后可以接名词、形容词、现在分词和过去分词四种形式作宾补，如：leave a child an orphan“留下小孩一孤儿”；leave the windows open“忘记了关窗户”；leave ones feet uncovered“把脚丫子露在外面”；而leave sth.doing“叫某物处于运动状态中”。所以，答案选：。,B,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析4.【04 BJMET春32】He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting【解析】：动词catch后只能接现在分词作宾补，see sb.doing sth.by chance。所以，答案选：D,D,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析4.【07.FJMET.24】Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve【解析】：动词have后可以接过去分词、现在分词和省掉to的不定式作宾补。句中的have her written English improved=to improve her written English;have sth.going/working=keep sth.doing“让某物（如机器）处于运转中”;have sb.do sth=make sb.do sth.“让某人做什么”.所以，答案选：。,A,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析5.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.Ainterested Binteresting CInterest Dto interest【解析】：动词make后可以接过去分词作和省掉to的不定式作宾补。Interest是使动词，有两个形容词，由ed结尾的形容词通常用来叙述人，表示被动；而以ing结尾的形容词通常用来叙述事物，表示事物给外界造成某种影响。所以，答案选：。,A,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析6.【06 HENMET 11】Would you please speak louder to make yourself _ Ahear Bheard Cto hear Dto be heard【解析】：该题的命题思路和上题雷同，也考查过去分词作宾补。Make oneself heard“叫人听得见”。答案选：。,B,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析7.【05 TJMET 7】You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it _ often enough.A.explaining.to explain C.explain D.explained【解析】：本题的命题思路和上面第一题相同。Have it explained意思是“（有人给你）解释过了”。答案选：。,D,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析8.【04 NMET IV.22】Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard【解析】：本题考查两个方面的知识：首先，shout后面一般接不定式作目的状语；其次，make oneself heard是过去分词作宾补，表示“叫人听得见”。所以，答案选：。,D,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析9.【04 CHQMET 30】Laws that punish parents for their little childrens action against the laws get parents _.A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry【解析】：语境中的get sth.done 意思是“（花费时间、精力）做某事”，也有人把它描述为“（叫别人）做”；而此语境中的选项和它的逻辑主语parents之间显然是被动关系，所以，使用过去分词，表示“叫家长担忧”。所以，答案选：。,A,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析10.【02 NMET 22】The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out【解析】：该句可以拆成：The manager discussed the plan.They would like to see it _ the next year.这样以来我们就可以看出所给选项的语义和其逻辑主语it之间呈现的是被动关系。答案选：。,C,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析11.【07.JSMET.35】My parents have always made me _ about myself,even when I was twelve.Afeeling well Bfeeling good Cfeel well Dfeel good【解析】：本题考查两个方面的知识：首先，make 后面要么接过去分词作宾补，要么接省掉to的不定式作宾补；其次，feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语。Well也可以作形容词，但它的意思是“健康的”，跟语境不符。所以，答案选：。,D,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析1 2.【07.BJMET.28】-Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?-Just a minute.Ill have Bob _you to your room.A.show B.shows C.to show D.showing【解析】：have sb.do sth.=tell sb.to do sth.意思是“叫某人做什么”；而have sth./sb.doing sth.中的have=keep,意思是“让某人（一直）处于动作的状态中”。所以，答案选：。,A,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析13.【06 SHHMET 36】The mother felt herself _ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.A.grow B.grown C.to grow D.to have grown【解析】：feel后也可以接现在分词和省掉to的不定式作宾补。所以，答案选：。,A,4.非谓语动词作宾补,真题解析14.【04 BJMET 23】My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A.for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take【解析】：encourage的基本句型是encourage sb.to do sth.。所以，答案选：。,D,一.现在分词作主补在英语中有些动词后面可以接现在分词作宾补,强调动作（当时）正在发生。这类动词有：see,watch,notice,observe,look at,listen to,hear,feel,leave,keep 等。但是,在被动语态中,原来的宾补就成了主补。如：1.He was seen walking downstairs.有人看见他下楼。2.He was left watching TV at home.他一个人被留在家里看电视。,5.非谓语动词作主补,【名题解析】1【03 NMET 22】A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked【解析】：动词find后面既可以接现在分词作宾补，也可以接过去分词作宾补。前者表示“发现某人在干什么”，而后者表示“发现某人物被怎么样了”。根据语境分析，该题原前者。这样原来的现在分词作宾补就转换成了现在分词作主补。所以，答案选：。,5.非谓语动词作主补,B,二.不定式作主补 在英语中后面可以接不定式作宾补的动词，到了被动语态里，原来的宾补就成了主补。要特别注意，原来在主动语态中要求接省掉to的不定式作宾补的，到了被动语态中则要加上to。这是高考的考查重点。如：1.He was seen to open the door and enter it.有人看见他开了门进去了。2.She was made to stay at home.她被迫留在了家里。3.Yao Ming was reported to have scored 27 points.据报道姚明得了27分。,5.非谓语动词作主补,三.不定式作主补例题解析【07.LNMET 29】The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,who was reported_ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.Abreaking Bhaving broken Cto have broken Dto break【解析】：Sb.be said/reported to do sth.是It is said/reported that sb.do sth.的书面表达语体。该句式主要考查后面不定式的时态变化。从时态的角度来讲，一般时的基本属性是表示将来；进行时表示正在进行；完成时表示动作发生于句子的谓语之前。根据语境分析，肯定是破记录在先，报道在后。所以，答案选：。,5.非谓语动词作主补,C,三.不定式作主补例题解析2.【07.CHQMET 28】Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A.is said to be buying B.is said to have bought C.had said to buy D.has said to have bought【解析】：该题使用的句式和上题相同。达芬奇是历史人物，其“买鸟放生”行为的发生自然是早于“据说”。所以，答案选：。,5.非谓语动词作主补,B,三.不定式作主补例题解析3.【06 HUBMET 33】AIDS is said_the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.A.that it is B.to be C.that is has been D.to have been【解析】：该题使用的句式和、两题相同。本题的题眼是时间状语over the past few years,它是典型的现在完成时标志。所以，答案选：。,5.非谓语动词作主补,D,三.不定式作主补例题解析4.【06 SHDMET 33】Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A.have been missing B.have got lost C.be missing D.get lost【解析】：本题旨在考查考生关于“延续性”和“非延续性”动词的用法差异。本题的题眼是时间状语last Friday,它暗示了“失踪”早于“报道”。此外，get lost属于非延续性动词，因此它的完成时不能跟since引导的时间状语搭配。所以，答案选：。,5.非谓语动词作主补,A,三.不定式作主补例题解析5.【04 SHHMET 33】The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused【解析】：同样，本题所用句式是it is believed that sb.do sth.的书面用语表达句式。其次，by介词短语构成了本题的题眼,它暗示了要在本语境中使用被动体的句法要求。所以，答案选：。,5.非谓语动词作主补,C,三.不定式作主补例题解析.【06 SHHMET 33】Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.A.to make B.to be made C.to have been made D.to be making【解析】：该题从三个方面考查考生的语用能力：首先是将allow sb.to do sth转换成被动结构的能力;其次是对不定式和其逻辑主语之间逻辑关系的把握能力。依据语境分析，“功能饮料”和“生产”之间显然是被动关系。第三是考查考生准确把握不定式三种时态的运用能力。根据语境分析，事这里的“不让生产”并非只是过去不让生产。所以，答案选：。,5.非谓语动词作主补,B,三.不定式作主补例题解析.【06 TJMET 7】A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must not be left.A.unsatisfied B.unsatisfying C.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied【解析】：该题考查考生把leave sb.+宾补句式变成被动语态时正确使用主补（即原来的宾补）的能力。动词leave后接过去分词作宾补表示被动的状态。答案选：。,5.非谓语动词作主补,A,三.不定式作主补例题解析.【05 NMET考刚 6】Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.study B.to study C.studied D.studying【解析】：根据语境分析，该题原于make sb.do sth.根据英语语法表达习惯，该句式转变成被动语态时其后的不定式前要加to。这样原来的宾补就转换成了主补。所以，答案选：。,5.非谓语动词作主补,B,课件名称,年级科目:主 讲 人:学 校:,英语非谓语动词总复习(2),(作状语、定语、独立结构),目 录,非谓语动词作定语,非谓语动词作状语,复 合 结构作 状 语,非谓语动词作状语,一.现在分词作状语1.作伴随状语现在分词作状语时，通常具有三方面的含义：）分词表示的这个动作必须是主语的动作；）分词表示的动作是和谓语动作（或状态）是同时发生的；）分词表示的动作是比较次要的动作，仅对谓语表示的动作加以说明1【06 HENMET.12】He sat at the desk,_ a novel Aread Breading Creads Dis reading,B,一.现在分词作状语2.【05NMET III.20】“You cant catch me!”Jo