计算机网络——结构化布线系统江苏信息职业技术学院.ppt
結構化佈線系統,佈線系統有那麼嚴重嗎?,地基重不重要?,佈線系統品質不可忽略,根據美國TIA/EIA組織的統計，網路故障的原因有70%是佈線系統所引起的佈線成本卻只佔資訊總成本2-5%,一般佈線慘狀,正確佈線工法,企業資訊投資比例,從投資比例看佈線系統,生命週期,Cabling System 15-25 years,從生命週期看佈線系統,你該先有的基本觀念,佈線系統如同房屋的地基佈線有問題是時通時不通從投資比例的角度2-5%的預算比例可以換來避免70%網路問題從生命週期的角度高達二十年的使用壽命可以攤提投資所以不會比較貴,佈線系統的歷史演進(接下來這一段非常枯燥乏味 大家要忍住不睡覺),佈線的演化史,一九八零年代當時的問題,每一個主機廠商都使用獨家的佈線類型沒得選擇 公司的空間有限很難同時容納那麼多的線路 升級或轉換新系統幾乎都要重新施工一次 每個員工工作空間可能有好幾種佈線 沒有標準導致不知該如何規劃、建置及測試 決定採用某品牌的佈線系統就被綁死，後續擴充採購毫無選擇的自由 網路出現問題時很難維護及除錯,後續演進(一),在1980年代晚期大環境充滿了要求針對佈線系統制定標準的聲音，各家廠商於是開始思考及制定相關的標準文件 最有名的是ANIXTER在1990年發布的電纜效能等級(Cable Performance Levels)文件，這份文件期望能夠提供使用者有關電纜的採購規格及測試標準。在1991年美國國家標準局(American National Standards Institute，ANSI)、電子產業協會(Electronic Industries Alliance，EIA)及電子通訊產業協會(Telecommunications Industry Association，TIA)聯合建立了一個標準，這個標準一開始被稱為商業建築電子通訊佈線標準(Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard)，也就是一般常看到的所謂ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-1991標準,後續演進(二),接下來的幾年中，EIA陸續發表了許多電子通訊系統公告(Telecommunications Systems Bulletins，TSB)，例如較高等級的佈線系統(higher grades of cabling，TSB-36)，連接硬體(connecting hardware，TSB-40)，跳接線纜(patch cables，TSB-40A)，模組化資訊插座測試需求(testing requirements for modular jacks，TSB-40A)，遮蔽式雙絞線佈線系統的額外規範(additional specifications for shielded twisted-pair cabling，TSB-53)，隨著這些TSB不斷的發佈以及修改原有的ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-1991，終於在1995年公佈了新的規範標準，就是知名的ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A自從ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A標準公佈之後，資訊科技演進的腳步快如飛梭，如果還要靠修訂、表決、公佈的流程實在追不上科技的日新月異，於是決定採用為原有標準增加附錄的方式來更新,TIA/EIA-568-A 新增附錄,TIA/EIA 568-A.1(1997年9月公布)主要內容是定義Propagation Delay and Delay SkewTIA/EIA 568-A.2(1998年8月公布)主要內容是針對原始標準提供一些相關的修正與補充 TIA/EIA 568-A.3(1998年12月公布)內容主要是定義了多束捆線電纜(bundled cable)、混合式電纜(hybrid cable)、複合式電纜(composite cable)的規格及需求 TIA/EIA 568-A.4(1999年12月公布)內容主要是定義PATCH CORD的測試方法及需求TIA/EIA 568-A.5(2000年2月公布)各位最熟悉的CAT.5e首次被正式放到附錄成為標準,舊有的ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A以及相關附錄愈來愈龐雜，很多內容也漸漸跟不上時代，於是選擇重新制定發佈ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B新標準整合了非常多標準以便取代TIA/EIA-568-ATSB-67(無屏蔽雙絞線佈線系統現場測試傳輸性能規格)TSB-72(集中式光纖佈線指導方針)TSB-75(開放式辦公室增修水平佈線實施規範)TIA/EIA-568-A-1TIA/EIA-568-A-2TIA/EIA-568-A-3 TIA/EIA-568-A-4 TIA/EIA-568-A-5 TIA/EIA/IS-729(ScTP技術規格),目前的最新標準 TIA/EIA-568-B,Performance requirements Recommended topology Cabling Media Cabling distances Connector configurations Basic framework of SCS,TIA/EIA-568-B.1 General requirements,TIA/EIA-568-B.2 100 Balanced Twisted-pair Cabling,TIA/EIA-568-B.3 Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard,TIA/EIA-568-B 三大部分,標準被分割成為三個主要部分 完整包含了CAT.5e的效能規格(而CAT.6在新的附錄B.2-1)50/125多模光纖被新增到承認且建議的線材列表 在滿足特定效能要求的前提下，允許使用不列在標準內的新一代小型光纖接頭，例如MT-RJ，LCTelecommunication Closet(TC)改名為Telecommunication Room(TR)遮蔽式雙絞線(STP-A)從承認且建議的線材列表被刪除，目前的狀態為標準承認這種線材但是不建議新佈線系統使用同軸電纜成為不被標準承認的線材測試部分取消Basic Link，新增加Permanent Link,TIA/EIA-568-B 較明顯的差異,其他標準,TIA/EIA-569-ACommercial Building Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces,To standardise the specific telecommunications design and installation practices between and within buildings,TIA/EIA-606 Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings,To provide a uniform administration scheme that is independent of applications.,TIA/EIA-607 Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications,To provides a uniform telecommunications grounding and bonding infrastructure intended to ensure that telecommunications equipment and systems can be readily deployed in a commercial building environment.,基本定義,結構化佈線系統定義了什麼?,Topology is defined(拓撲)Media is identified(傳輸媒介)Distances are specified(距離)Connection interface is specified(介面)Performance requirements are specified(效能),典型的網路拓撲,RING,BUS,STAR,Star Topology-Each work area shall be directly connected to Horizontal Cross-connect in TR,結構化佈線系統的拓撲,Horizontal Cabling WITHOUT consolidation point,Horizontal Cabling WITH consolidation point,Consolidation Point,4-pair 100 Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP)4-pair 100 Screened Twisted Pair(ScTP)2 Fiber 62.5/125 m Multi-mode Optical Fiber 2 Fiber 50/125 m Multi-mode Optical Fiber*,Fiber,Cat 5 UTP,Cat 6 UTP,水平佈線的傳輸媒介,100 Multi-Pair UTP Cable62.5/125 m Multi-mode Optical Fiber50/125 m Multi-mode Optical Fiber*Single mode Optical Fiber,MULTI-PAIR UTP CABLE,DISTRIBUTION OPTICAL FIBER CABLE,骨幹佈線的傳輸媒介,Media Type A B C100 twisted-pair 90 m B+C=90m62.5m optical fiber 90 m B+C=90m50m optical fiber 90 m B+C=90m,水平佈線的距離,B&C=15 m or more,Z,X,Y,HC,HC,IC,MC,EF,骨幹佈線的距離,Each four-pair cable shall be terminated in an eight-position modular jackConnector shall meet requirements of:TIA/EIA-568-B.2IEC 603-7TIA/EIA-570-APin-pair assignments/Wiring SchemeT568A(recommended)T568B,Connection Interface,8 Position modular jacks/plugs wiring schemeWired to T568A(Recommended)Wired to T568B(Optional),T568A&T568B,Connection Interface,效能,結構化佈線系統的一般通則,結構化佈線系統的子系統,水平佈線 主幹佈線 工作區電信室設備間入口設施管理,結構化佈線系統的子系統,Equipment Room(ER),Entrance Facility(EF),Telecommunications Room(TR),Work Area(WA),結構化佈線系統水平佈線示意圖,網路,專線電話,交換機局線埠,電話機,分機電話,交換機分機埠,電話機,無線網路,交換器,無線AP,中央監控,DVR,攝影機,直播,串流伺服器或VOD,攝影機,KVM延伸器應用,MACs can be achieve by cross-connect patching.,Patch Panel,Outlet in Work Area,Horizontal Cable,TELECOMMUNICATION ROOM,WORK AREA,Ext.110,Ext.111,Ext.112,New Location,PABX,Patch Panel,HORIZONTAL CROSS-CONNECT,前任校長自殺,用會議室當總結,PABX,HUB/SWITCH,FILE SERVER,WITHOUT STRUCTURED CABLING,PATCH PANELS,WITH STRUCTURED CABLING,PABX,HUB/SWITCH,FILE SERVER,結構化佈線系統的優點,可測試驗證的傳輸品質維護管理簡單方便彈性變動的靈活性節省二次施工的成本整齊美觀大方不同品牌的相容性,光纖,光纖的優點,傳輸頻寬大傳輸損耗低防止電磁干擾重量輕,尺寸小絕緣安全性傳輸隱密性擴充升級容易,光纖實圖,單模與多模光纖,多模,單模,125m,125m,62.5m,9m,光源,OPTICAL SOURCES,LEDs-Light Emitting Diodes LASERs-Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation VCSELs-Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers,62.5/125 m,50/125 m,折射率,The index of refraction(n)is a measure of the speed light traveling through a material,折射率,Cladding,Core,Light,Incoming light may be reflected depending on the angle at which it strikes the core/cladding interface.,The sine of the critical angle is the ratio of the indices of refraction of the core and cladding.,四大問題點,Four primary loss contributors:1)Fiber materialImpuritiesVariations in material density2)Bends in the fiberMacrobending(installation problem)Microbending(manufacturing defect)3)Coupling losses4)Dirty connections,FIBER BENDING,FIBER BENDING,Macro Bending,Micro Bending,Generally reversible once bends are corrected,Typically not correctable,ie cable ties too tight!,Two bend radius violations:Both effect the index of refraction and critical angleBoth cause light to be lost!,Coupling Losses,Coupling Losses:Losses at splices and connectors,Angular misalignment,ATTENUATION,Coupling Losses,Coupling Losses,Coupling Losses,Coupling Losses,OPTI-JACK Pre-polished,無須研磨光纖！快速-端接時間縮減至兩分鐘可更換的套圈相容所有標準的 62.5 m多模光纖,SFF小型光纖接頭,MT-RJ/LC/VF-45/FJ相對於ST，SC這些傳統接頭有以下特色-施工快速-類似RJ-45的防呆機制-面積小-因為都是獨家技術，目前標準不願意 替廠商背書，不列入標準卻允許使用,Gigabit Ethernet介紹,Gigabit Ethernet is Ethernet,Ethernet is a standardized,switched,packet-based network that supports 10,100,and 1000 Mbps line speedsIEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet over UTPIEEE 802.3u 100BASE-T Fast Ethernet over UTP or fiber-optic cable IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet over Category 5 UTP cableIEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX over multi-and single-mode fiberAll three Ethernet speeds use the same IEEE 802.3 frame format,full-duplex operation and flow control methods,only faster!,The Next Stepin theEthernetBandwidthHierarchy,Ethernet is the most widely understood and deployed LAN technology.,Scalable Bandwidth for Widespread Switch Deployment,GbE delivers very high bandwidth and is compatible with 10/100 Ethernet.,End-to-End Leverage of the Ethernet Industry Cost Curve,GbE provides the best price/performance.,End-to-End Ethernet Simplicity and Management,Why Gigabit Ethernet?,1000BASE-CX CopperXcvr,1000BASE-SXFiber OpticXcvr,1000BASE-TPMA,Gigabit Media Independent Interface(GMII)(Optional),1000BASE-TPCS,Multimode Fiber,Single-Mode or Multimode Fiber,UnshieldedTwisted Pair,Media Access Control(MAC),1000BASE-LXFiber OpticXcvr,ShieldedCopperCable,802.3z,802.3ab,1000BASE-X PHY8B/10B-AutoNegotiation,The Functional Elements,PHY(Physical Layer),Natural Bandwidth Evolution for Server and Switch Aggregation,Affordable,simple Gigabit switching,Advanced PC and NIC technology can allow servers to easily sustain more than 100Mbps of bandwidth,High performance PC Server architectures drive more network throughput,Increase backbone bandwidth from the wiring closet using 1000BASE-T,30%on average cheaper than GBE over fiber cabling,Split wiring closet stacks using switched Gigabit over Copper and link aggregation to the core,Why Gigabit Ethernet Over Copper,Uses only two wire pair:one to transmit and one to receive.,Uses all four wire pair:250Mbps per pair to transmit and receive.,10/100 on Cat-5,Gigabit on Cat-5,Gigabit Ethernet Over Copper,Cat-5e is recommended for new installationsCat-6 is available as an alternative to Cat-5e from some vendors,but it is not yet standardizedAny link that currently uses 100BASE-TX should easily run 1000BASE-TUsers planning to use existing Cat-5 cabling for 1000BASE-T should test each link for quality,Gigabit的佈線選擇,9u Singlemode,1000BASE-LX1300nm,1000BASE-SX850nm,100m,5km,220m,Gigabit LH1550nm,550m,50u Multimode,50u Multimode,62.5u Multimode,62.5u Multimode,9u Singlemode,70km,Copper,1000Base-TCat.6/5e,10Gigabit Ethernet介紹,IEEE802.3ae,10GBase-SR 850nm 62.5u多模光纖/160頻寬-26米 62.5u多模光纖/200頻寬-33米 50u多模光纖/400頻寬-66米 50u多模光纖/500頻寬-82米 50u多模光纖/2000頻寬-300米,IEEE802.3ae,10GBase-LX4 1310nm 62.5u多模光纖/500頻寬-300米(FDDI)50u多模光纖/400頻寬-240米 50u多模光纖/500頻寬-300米 9u單模光纖-10公里,IEEE802.3ae,10GBase-LR 1310nm 9u單模光纖-10公里,10GBase-ER 1550nm 9u單模光纖-40公里,IEEE802.3ak,10GBase-CX4 特殊銅線-15公尺(Infiniband),10GBase-T(尚未公告)CAT.5e/CAT.6/CAT.7-65-100公尺,
