中考易英语(深圳专版)中考语法专题六 连词 介词 (共27张PPT) .ppt.ppt

中考语法专题六 连词 介词,第二部分 语法复习,考点一、并列连词：表示词、短语、从句或句子彼此之间具有并列关系。,（一）并列句的意义 英语中由两个或两个以上的独立分句组成的句子叫“并列句”，这些独立分句在句中处于平等的、互补依从的地位。英语并列句不能只用逗号将分句或分句隔开，而应该用分号或并列连词将分句隔开。英语中并列连词主要有：and,but,yet,or,so,for,while,neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also等。,连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分，它只是起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。连词主要分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。,连 词,考点一、并列连词：表示词、短语、从句或句子彼此之间具有并列关系。,（二）表示“添加”关系的并列连词1.and连接并列分句，表示意义的引申，分句间有着平行、因果、顺接、评论、对比或条件等关系。例：He is a teacher and his wife is a doctor.（平行）Peter heard someone crying for help and he ran out.（因果）He went into the restaurant and found a table by the window.（顺接）He missed the opening ceremony,and thats a pity.（评论）Tom likes singing and Jane likes dancing.（对比）Work hard and youll make it.（条件）=If you work hard,you will make it.,考点一、并列连词：表示词、短语、从句或句子彼此之间具有并列关系。,2.在否定句中列举并列成分不用and，而用or。例：We cant eat or drink in the computer room.There is no air or water on the moon.=There is no air and no water on the moon.3bothand（既，又），not onlybut also（不仅，而且），连接两个名词或代词，也可连接谓语动词。bothand连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致（就近一致），also有时可以省略。例：,考点一、并列连词：表示词、短语、从句或句子彼此之间具有并列关系。,Bill is both a good cook and a good dancer.Both Peter and Tom are students.Not only you but（also）he is a top student.=Not only he but（also）you are a top student.（三）表示“选择”关系的并列连词or（或者），neithernor（既不也不）,eitheror（或者或者/不是就是）等，在两个并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致（就近一致）。例：You may go or stay.,考点一、并列连词：表示词、短语、从句或句子彼此之间具有并列关系。,Neither he nor I am going there.=Neither I nor he is going there.Either you or I am crazy.=Either I or you are crazy.（四）表示“转折”和“对比”关系的并列连词or（否则），but（但是），yet（但是，然而），while（而）。but一般表示转折，指和上一分句的情况相反；yet表示转折，语气比but强烈；while表示对比，语气并不很强。例：I must go now,or I will miss the last train.,考点一、并列连词：表示词、短语、从句或句子彼此之间具有并列关系。,I would like to go with you,but I cant.He was not very rich,yet he was very happy.He likes dancing while I like singing.（五）表示“因果”关系的并列连词for（因为，由于）表示补充说明理由，一般不用于句首；so（所以）表示结果。例：She felt no fear,for she is a brave girl.I am tired,so I stayed at home.,考点自测,从and，but，or，while，for，so中选择适当的词填空。1.The dress fits me well,_ I dont want to buy it because its too expensive.2.When you are learning English,use it,_ you will lose it.3.It was snowing hard _ we had to stay at home.4.He is short _ his brother is tall.5.The shop is quite new,_ it has been open for a week.6.He likes English _ he is good at it.,but,or,so,while,for,and,考点二、从属连词：用来引导从句，与主句一起构成主从复合句。,（一）从属连词用于状语从句中。when/while当时候（引导时间状语从句）since自从.以来after 在之后;before在之前;as soon as 一就;until 直到（引导时间状语从句）if 如果，unless 除非（引导条件状语从句）if 是否（引导宾语从句）because 因为since 既然（引导原因状语从句）in order that；so that 以便，以致（引导目的状语从句）so that;such that 如此以至于（引导结果状语从句）,考点二、从属连词：用来引导从句，与主句一起构成主从复合句。,though;although 虽然（引导让步状语从句）as as 像一样（引导比较状语从句）（二）注意事项1.until 在肯定句中的谓语动词必须为延续性动词，意为“一直到 结束”；在否定句中谓语动词必须为终止性动词，意为“直到 才开始”。例：He waited until his mother came back.He did not leave until his mother came back.,考点二、从属连词：用来引导从句，与主句一起构成主从复合句。,2.if（如果）unless（除非）as soon as,when（当.时候）等引导从句时候，主句是将来时/含有情态动词/祈使句，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。例：I will go if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Call me when he comes back.You shouldnt speak loudly in class unless you raises your hand.3.when 和while 都有“当时候”,但while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词必须用表示状态的延续性动词，而when 不受此影响。,考点二、从属连词：用来引导从句，与主句一起构成主从复合句。,Please buy me some stamps while you are in the post office.4.as as.像.一样（引导比较状语从句），结构中要用形容词或副词的原级。例：He can run as fast as his brother.5.although/though 和but;because 和so 不能出现在同一句（although和 yet 可以）例：Though it is raining,they are still working in the field.Because he got up late,he was late for school.,考点二、从属连词：用来引导从句，与主句一起构成主从复合句。,6.结果状语从句sothat 与 such that.注意主从句时态一致 adj.so adv.that many/few+可数名词复数 much/little+不可数名词 so adj.a/an+n.（单）thatsuch a/an+adj.+n.（单）that such adj.+n.（复数/不可数名）that,考点二、从属连词：用来引导从句，与主句一起构成主从复合句。,例：一个如此小的男孩 so young a boy（只能用于单数名词）=such a young boy 一些如此有趣的书 such interesting books/so many books 如此多的书他是如此小的男孩以至于不能去上学。He is so young a boy that he cant go to school.=He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.=The boy is so young that he cant go to school.=The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is not old enough to go to school.,考点自测,选择填空1._（Though/So）it is sunny,the temperature is very low.2.Were leaving for Guangzhou _（if/when）it is fine tomorrow.3.He may be ill,_（because/when）he is absent today.4.Spring comes _（since/after）winter.5.He is _（so/such）smart that she can do it himself.6.I was cooking _（when/while）she came in.7.I will call you _（until/as soon as）I get there.8.He is _（such/so）a young boy that he cant go to school.9.He didnt go to bed _（until/because）he finished the work.10.You must speak louder _（so that/such that）I can hear you.,Though,if,because,after,so,when,as soon as,such,until,so that,简单介词，例：at，between，in等。合成介词，例：into，without等。短语介词，例：because of，instead of等。二重介词，例：from behind，until after 等。分词介词，例：including，regarding（关于）等。,介词是一种表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分，一般用在名词、名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构前。它可与动词、名词构成短语，表示时间、地点、空间和其他关系。,考点一、介词的分类,介 词,（一）at 和in表示“在某地”。at后接小地方，in后接大地方。例：in Shanghai at the station（二）in，on，to表示“位于”。in 表示在某范围之内的位置，on表示两个地方接壤，to表示不接壤。例：Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.（台湾是中国的一部分）Shangdong Province lies on the north of Jiangsu Province.（接壤）Japan lies to the east of China.（不接壤）（三）between和among表示“在之间”。between主要用于两者之间，among主要用于三者或三者以上的事物之间。例：,考点二、表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法,Dont tell others.Its a secret between us.The teacher is standing among the students.（四）above，over，on表示“在之上”。而below，under表示“在下面”。above表示“高于”，表示相对高度，反义词是below；over表示“在正上方”，反义词是under；on表示“在之上”，与物体表面接触。例：The plane is flying above the clouds.There is a village below the mountain.There is a bridge over the river.There is a ball under the table.There is a book on the table.,考点二、表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法,（五）by，beside，near都表示“在附近”，但by表示就在旁边，紧挨着；beside表示在旁边或紧靠，相当于next to；near表示在时间、空间、程度或关系上距离很近。例：He lives near/by the river.He is stand beside Peter.I like playing by the sea.（六）across，through表示“穿过，通过”。across表示从表面穿过、横跨过；而through则强调空间概念，表示从内部穿过。例：He can go through the forest by himself.He walked across the road.,考点二、表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法,（七）in，into表示“进入内”；on，onto表示“在（到）上”。in，on侧重于状态；into，onto侧重于动作。例：He works in a factory.He put his book into his backpack.The workers lifted the goods onto the truck.The book on the table is mine.,考点二、表示场所、方位的介词的基本用法,（一）at，on，in用来表示年、月、日、时刻等。1at用于表示钟点或在某一时刻，有时用在节日前。例：at 6 oclock 在六点钟 at noon 在中午 at weekends 在周末 at Christmas 在圣诞节2.on用于表示某日或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。例：on Friday 在星期五 on Monday morning 在周一上午3.in用在月份和季节前面或用于某一段时间。例：in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon 在下午 in 2014 在2014年（二）before，after表示前后。例：You must go back home before 12 p.m.He went to bed after finishing his homework.,考点二、表示时间的介词的基本用法,（三）for，during，through，throughout，between，in，within等表示一段时间。例：He stayed here for 5 weeks.During/In the past 2 years,he has made great progress.Some animals sleep all through the winter.There are many heroes throughout history.He was playing games between 7 and 9 last night.I will be back in 10 minutes.His computer has broken down 3 times within a day.,考点二、表示时间的介词的基本用法,（四）from，since表示时间起点（since后接从句时用作连词）。例：He works from morning to night.We have been friends since 3 years ago.（五）by表示“到为止”。例：By the time he got to the cinema,the film had been over.,考点二、表示时间的介词的基本用法,表示原因的介词有because of，for，from，with，of等。例：He didnt go to school because of his illness.The man died of illness.The man died from car accident.His nose went red with cold.Marx had to leave his homeland for political reasons.,考点三、表示原因的介词的基本用法,（一）about，on表示“关于”。about是常用词，只是涉及并不详细或深入探讨；on用于有准备的正式语言交流，如演讲、讲学等。例：Can you tell me something about the accident?He will give us a talk on Mars.（二）as“作为”。例：As a student,you should obey the school rules.（三）by，in，on表示乘坐交通工具。例：He went to work by bus/on a bike.He went to his office by taxi/in a taxi this morning.,考点四、其他介词的基本用法,（四）in“穿着，戴着”。例：She is often in red.（五）like“像”。例：He talked to me like a stranger.（六）with“和在一起”，还可用在“with+名词（代词）+形容词（等）”结构中。例：The man with his two children is playing happily.He often sleeps with his windows open.,考点四、其他介词的基本用法,考点自测,用适当的介词填空。1.I am good _ English.2.He arrived _ England _ 6 oclock.3._ my surprise,he won the first prize in the competition.4.Nothing can keep me _ coming _ school.5.There is a bridge _ the river.6.They didnt talk _ the phone for long.7.I paid 5 yuan _ the book.8.We couldnt finished the work on time _ your help.9.I am proud _ my son.10.He comes _ China.,at,at,in,To,from,to,over,on,for,without,of,from,