《商务英语翻译》第7章第一节涉外商务信函的翻译.ppt

第七章第一节书信的翻译（涉外商务信函的翻译）,一.商务信函的类别（Classification）涉外商务信函是对涉外商务运作过程中使用的各种函件的总称。在国际商务活动中商务信函是商家、厂家与客户之间用于联系业务、沟通商情、咨询答复的主要途径和工具。从内容和商务操作过程的角度来划分，涉外商务信函可以分为以下11大类：a.建立业务关系 b.产品推销类 c.资信查询类 d.询盘类 e.发盘还盘类 f.定购类 g.支付类 h.装运通知类 i.保险类 j.索赔类 k.邀请致谢类,二.商务信函的格式(Format)1.在格式上，中英信函存在很大的差异。2.英语商务信函历史悠久、内容完整、自成系统。3.商务信函英译汉时，可保留商务信件的正式程式，也可套用我国传统格式，具体做法可根据该公司的习惯决定。,三、商务信函结构(Structure),Blocked Style(齐头式/平头式),Indented Style(缩进式),_,Modified Style(混合式),四、商务信函的布局(Layout:13 elements）1.letterhead 信头 2.reference 编号（案号）3.inside address 信中地址 4.attention line 经办人 5.salutation 称呼 6.subject 事由 7.body 正文 8.closing 信尾敬语 9.signature 签名 10.initials 经办人编号 11.enclosures 附件 12.carbon copy 抄送 13.postscript 附言,Sample 1,International Publishing Ltd.62,Queens Road,20th Floor,CentralTel:54886655 Fax:5373799915 April,2010Our ref:GH/6/99Your ref:JB/3/99Mr.James Brown,Purchasing Manager,Far East Ltd.,P.O.Box316,Singapore.Dear Mr.Brown,Your order no.6862Thank you for your letter of 15 March,2010.I am pleased to inform you that yourorder will be shipped to you by M.V.Kiro Maro,which due to arrive in Singapore on20 May,2010.Please feel free to contact me if you have any future questions.I look forward to hearing from you again.Yours sincerely,Geroge HowardGeroge HowardMarketing ManagerdmEnclosure:invoice,bill of ladingcc:Peter Smith,International Bank,Letterhead,Date,Reference,Inside address,Salutation,Subject,Body,Complimentary close,Signature,Enclosure,Carbon copy,initials,signers title,Sample 2,6 June 2006Our ref:GH/6/99Your ref:JB/3/99MR.David Patricks3005 West 29th,Suite 130Waco.TX 77663Dear Mr.Patricks,I received your June 5th letter requesting consultation and am providing my recommendation in the following.First,let me review my understanding of your inquiry.The question you raise revolves around whether the heating registers should be located in a low sidewall,or in the ceiling,and if ceiling registers are used,which type step down or stamped-facedwill deliver the best results.Additionally,the problem concerns whether there is any benefit to have heating registers near the floor,whether moving heated air“down”in ducts negatively affects blower performance.My recommendations are as follow:Let me know if you have any further questions or if I can be of any further assistance.Sincerely,Jane A McMurreyJane A McMurrey,P.E.HVAC Consultant,Inc.JAM/dmcEncl.:invoice for consulting servicescc:Peter Smith,International Bank,Identify the elements.,Date,Inside address,Salutation,Body,Complimentary close,Signature,initials,Enclosure,signers title,Reference,Carbon copy,四、涉外商务信函语篇风格的特点(Style Characteristics),1 Completeness 完整 2 Conciseness 简洁 3 Concreteness 具体 4 Correctness 正确 5 Clarity 清晰 6 Consideration 体谅 7 Courtesy 礼貌,7C Rules,Sample letter of“7C”,Dear Sirs,Our client in NewYork requests us to obtain from you a proforma invoice for color TV sets with the following specifications:“Haier”brand color TV sets 25-inch and 34-inch(each 500sets).Would you please airmail us the soonest possible your proforma invoice for 1,000 color TV sets with prices CIF NewYork,sothat we obtain our clients confirmation.There is no question aboutour getting the necessary import license from our authorities.As soon as the said license is approved,we shall establish an L/C inyour favour.Thank you for your close cooperation in this respect.Yours Sincerely,John Smith,敬启者：,我们的一个美国客户要求我们从贵方取得,下列规格的彩色电视机估价发票：,海尔彩色电视机25英寸和34英寸各500台。,请尽快航邮,注有纽约到岸价格的1，000台彩色电视机的估价发票，,以便我们取得客户确认。,从当局取得必要的进口许可证当无问题。,一俟获得上述许可证即开以贵方为受益人的信用证。,感谢贵方的密切合作。,约翰史密斯 敬上,“7C”CompletenessConcisenessConcretenessCorrectnessClarityConsideration Courtesy,涉外商务信函中常见的称呼：Dear Sirs,Dear Madam,My dear Sir,Dear Mr.Brown,My dear Mrs.White,Gentlemen,五、称呼和结尾礼辞的翻译,1.泛称Gentlemen，Dear Sirs,My dear Sir,有时可以回避不译，划一条底线了之，也可以简单地译作：“先生”，不译 Dear,My dear；2.有很大一部分将Dear译成“亲爱的”；3.沿用我国旧式书信中的启事语，如：敬启者、谨启者。4.采用我国旧式书信中的敬称：执事先生、台鉴；如果是具体的某人，例如Dear Mr.Yang 则译成：杨先生台鉴。除“台鉴”外，类似的敬辞还有“惠鉴”、“玉鉴”、“钧鉴”、“大鉴”、“尊鉴”等。注意：要根据对象是长辈还是晚辈，是政界还是商界等具体情况加以选择。5.现在更简单地译成：先生/女士/同志；6.姓氏后加上头衔或者职业名称，如：教授、老师、局长、经理等,称呼的翻译方法,涉外商务信函中常见的结尾礼辞：Yours trulyYours sincerelyYours faithfully,1.涉外商务信函的结尾礼辞，一般不照字面直译为：“您的忠诚的”或者“您的忠实的”,这不合语体，也不符合汉语的表达习惯。2.可以套用汉语公函中相当的礼辞，如：谨启、谨上、敬上。3.在特定的场合，可以译成“顺致敬意”，或者写成两行：,此致敬礼！,此致 XXX谨上/复,结尾礼辞的翻译方法,六、涉外商务信函结尾常见套语：1.Your favourable information will be appreciated.我们将期望得到您的好消息。2.Your early reply will be highly appreciated.我们将会十分感激您的早日回复。3.Awaiting your immediate reply.等候您的早日回信。,恭候佳音！,如蒙早复，不甚感激！,请即复！,Practical Training,Put the following expressions into Chinese.pleteness 2.conciseness 3.concreteness 4.correctness 5.clarity 6.consideration 7.courtesy,完整,简洁,具体,正确,清晰,体谅,礼貌,Assignment,1.We are awaiting your early reply with interest.2.Your prompt reply will be appreciated.3.Thank you in advance for your close cooperation in this respect.4.Your prompt attention to the said points will be appreciated.5.We shall be pleased to receive your letter and assure you of our best attention.6.Any further orders that you may place with us will received our best attention.7.Please be assured that we shall spare no effort to satisfy your requirements.8.We hope to receive your further information by return of post.,翻译下列信函结尾语,Key to the Assignment,1.We are awaiting your early reply with interest.恭候早复。2.Your prompt reply will be appreciated.如蒙早复，不甚感激。3.Thank you in advance for your close cooperation in this respect.对于贵方在这方面的密切合作预致谢意。4.Your prompt attention to the said points will be appreciated.不甚感激贵方对上述各点从速办理。5.We shall be pleased to receive your letter and assure you of our best attention.我方将乐于收到贵方来函，并保证给予充分重视。6.Any further orders that you may place with us will received our best attention.贵方向我方追加的新订单都将得到我方的充分重视。7.Please be assured that we shall spare no effort to satisfy your requirements.请放心,我方将尽一切努力以满足贵方的要求。8.We hope to receive your further information by return of post.希望收到贵方回复，补充相关信息。,Assignment,1.We have pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your letter of the 15th April.2.We thank you for your enquiry of the 30th April,which has had our best attention.3.We are in receipt of your letter Ref.M8301 dated the 30th April.4.We have acknowledged the receipt of your letter of the 1st ultimo with the enclosure.5.Your letter of 22nd ultimo,together with the order No.212 enclosed,has been received.6.We acknowledge your of May 3 enclosing order No.356,for which we thank you.7.We are in possession of your letter of the 31st July enclosing a counter-signed copy of our S/C No.21850.8.In response to your letter No.JG/HK dated 12th January,2010,we wish to state that,翻译下列信函开首语,1We have pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your letter of the 15th April.我方高兴地收到贵方4月15日来函。2 We thank you for your enquiry of the 15th April,which has had our best attention.谢谢贵方4月15日的询盘，我方对此十分重视。3We are in receipt of your letter Ref.M8301 dated the 15th April.我方收到您4月15日第M8301号来函。4We have acknowledged the receipt of your letter of the 1st ultimo with the enclosure.我方已收到贵方上月1日来函及附件。5Your letter of 22nd ultimo,together with the order No.212 enclosed,has been received.贵方上月22日来函及所附订单第212号已一并收到。6We have acknowledged your of May 3 enclosing order No.356,for which we thank you.我方已收到贵方5月3日来函及所附的订单356号，谢谢。7 We are in possession of your letter of the 31st July enclosing a counter-signed copy of our S/C No.21850.收到贵方7月31日来函及所签回的售货合同21850号一份。8In response to your letter No.JG/HK dated 12th January,2010,we wish to state that 为复贵方2010年1月12日第 JG/HK 号来函，兹告,第二节 商务信函的文体特点及其翻译,1 商务信函的文体特点 11 词汇使用特点 111 用词规范正式 112 表意准确、专业性强 113 用语朴素、淡于修饰 12 语法使用特点 121 句子类型 122 句式结构（1）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主（2）常用并列结构（3）状语位置独特 123 虚拟语气的运用2 商务信函的翻译要点 21 商务英语信函翻译的原则 22 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项,1 商务信函的文体特点,11 词汇使用特点111 用词规范正式 商务英语信函经常以意义相同或相近的书面词语代替基本词汇和口语词汇，如以inform或advise代替tell，以duplicate代替copy，以dispatch代替send，以otherwise代替or；以介词短语代替简单的介词，如以as for，in respect to，in connection with和with regarding to等代替about等。We are pleased to advise you that your order NO.105 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction.我们很高兴地通知你们：第105号订单货物已遵照你方指示运出。,商务信函中还经常使用here/there+介词构成的复合词，如hereafter，hereby，hereunder，hereto，hereinafter，herewith，thereafter，therein，therefrom等。All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.所有报盘和销售均应遵守本报价单背面所印的条款。In such a case,Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.在次情况下，卖方负责偿还买方由此所遭受的损失。,112 表意准确、专业性强,商务信函用词表意准确、专业性强，主要表现在使用大量的专业术语、行话、外来词、缩略语以及一般词语在商务英语语境中的特殊用法。1.专业术语类：trimming charges 平舱费 insurance policy 保险单 coverage 保险项目 establishment 开证 counter-suggestion 反还盘 surcharges附加费,pro forma invoice 形式发票 premium 保险费 clearance sale 清仓削价销售 underwriter 保险人 L/C 信用证 CIF 到岸价格 FOB 离岸价格 bid 递盘 C.B.D.付现提货 counter-offer 还盘 irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤消信用证,2.外来词类：拉丁语的status quo（现状），意大利语的del credere（保付货价的），汉语中的litchi（荔枝），tungoil（桐油），mango（芒果）等。3.行话：长期的函电交往使人们在使用术语上形成共识，本来意义差异很大的词汇在特定的语境中所表达的内涵和外延却非常相似。Offer,quotation表示“报价，发盘”Pamphlet,brochure,booklet,sales literature 表示商家用于宣传介绍自己公司或产品的“说明材料”Shipment和consignment 表示“所发出的货物”Financial standing/reputation/condition/position用于表示公司的“资信财务情况”Fulfill/complete/execute an order用于表示“执行订单”A draft contract或a specimen contract 表示“合同样本”,（4）商务信函准确性主要体现在数量词的大量运用。商务信函中的时间，价格，数量，金额，规格等问题贯穿商贸活动始终，数字的表达应言之确凿，避免摸棱两可。The vender shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.卖方须于6月15日或之前将货物交给买方。The market here for this product is active,and the best price we can offer is US$150 or over per long ton.该产品在本地的销售看好，我方出价可达每长吨150美元或以上。,113 用语朴素、淡于修饰,商贸信函的主要功能是传递信息，使收、发信函双方发生贸易往来、达成交易，因此除了必须使用专业术语等手段准确传达自己的信息意图外，还要求信函语言明白易懂，朴实平易。Dear Sirs,Thank you for your interest in our fireworks.In reply to your enquiry of November 15,we are really sorry to say that we cannot divulge any of our sales information.We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience.Yours truly,敬启者：承蒙贵方对我们的烟花感兴趣，十分感谢。兹复贵方11月15日询价函，我们非常抱歉地奉告，我们不泄 我方任何销售情况。我们希望这不会给贵方带来很多不便。敬上,12 语法使用特点,121 句子类型 英语句子按使用目的可以分为四类：陈述句（Declarative Sentences）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）,1.商务信函主要使用陈述句 Dear Sirs,We thank you for your promptness in delivering the coffee we ordered on 20th,July.The number of bags delivered by your carrier this morning was,however,160 whereas our order was for only 120.Unfortunately,our present needs are completely covered and as we cannot make use of the 40 bags in excess of order,we have put them in our warehouse to be held for you until we receive your instructions.Yours Truly,敬启者：收到我方7月20日订购的咖啡，并对你方迅速交货表示感谢。但是，你方承运人上午交来160袋，而我们只订购120袋。遗憾的是，我方需求已满，无法接受你方多交的40袋。我们已将此货入库保存，等候你方指示。敬上,2.祈使句表示请求、劝告、命令等，用祈使句可避免生硬刻板，比陈述句更有礼貌。Please look into the matter at once and let us have your definite reply by cable without any further delay.请立即调查此事，并尽快电告确切答复。3.疑问句也可用来表达写信人的观点或向对方提议，疑问句给对方留有更大的余地，更有礼貌，它的使用频率比祈使句相对要多。Would you please send us a copy of your catalogue?能否向我公司邮寄一份贵公司的产品目录？4.感叹句虽然可以渲染气氛，增强语势，但与函电英语讲求客观、严谨的文体不符，因此感叹句在函电英语中极少使用。,122 句式结构,从结构看，英文句子可以分成三种类型：简单句（Simple Sentences），并列句（Compound Sentences），复合句（Complex Sentences）,函电英语采用大量的并列句和复合句。（1）复合句与简单句结合，以复合句为主：为了保证考究的句式和严密的逻辑性，函电英语往往需要将连续的短句结合成一个独立的主从复合句或并列句。复合句结构复杂，表达完备周密；简单句则结构简单，简洁明快。函电英语对严谨和简洁都有要求，目的在于追求准确严谨的语言风格，因此复合句的使用虽普遍，但不排斥简单句的使用。,（2）常用并列结构用and连接并列结构，使表达更精确。This contract is made by and between the two parties.双方签定本合同。用or引导的选择性并列结构，是内容更严谨全面。Any dispute arising from the execution of,or in connection with the agreement,shall be settled through friendly consultations between the two parties.在本合同执行中引起的或与本合同有关的争议应有双方通过友好协商解决。函电英语中常用的连用同义词还有：amendments to/or alterations of 修改 force and effect 效力 fulfill and provide 履行 furnish and provide 提供 obligations and responsibilities 义务 make and enter into 达成,（3）状语位置独特 商务函电中，较长的状语经常出现在主谓语之间，一般文体的主谓语间不放长状语。Eg：The Contractor shall,if called upon so to do,enter into and execute the Contract,to be prepared and completed at the cost of the employer,in the form annexed to these conditions with such modification as may be necessary.在被邀签约时，承包人应同意签订并履行合同，该合同是由业主按照本合同条件所附格式拟定，如有必要可对其进行修改。该合同的拟定和签订费用由业主承担。商务函电的状语从句中，if，when，in case等连词与从句的主体之间可放谓语，一般文体的状语从句中则不可。,123 虚拟语气的运用,英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气（the Indicative Mood），祈使语气（the Imperative Mood），虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）。虚拟语气可表主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况，并可使语气委婉，谓语有should，would，could，might加动词原形构成。,2 商务信函的翻译要点,21 商务英语信函翻译的原则 22 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项,21 商务英语信函翻译的原则准确规范，功能对等,准确不仅指用词用句和语言结构上的准确，还包括对信函内容的准确把握；规范指译文必须符合本行业的专业规范。1.要准确理解各种术语、外来词汇、套语和习惯表达的专业含义和固定译法，尽量保留原文风格，译成符合汉语商务语言规范的术语或套语。Please be informed that,on account of the fluctuations of foreign exchanges the quotation is subject to change without previous notice.兹告知贵方，由于外汇的波动，报价随时可能改变，不另行通知。,Full information as to prices,quality,quantity available and other relative particulars would be appreciated.请详告价格、质量、可供数量和其他有关情况。We are looking forward to a favorable reply.静候贵方佳音。Would you let us know your terms of payment?能否告知贵方付款条件？We should be grateful/pleased if you would give us further details of Chinese leather shoes.如能告知中国皮鞋的详情，将不胜感激。Please inform us how soon you can make delivery.请告知何时能交货。,（2）了解词汇的特定含义Discharge 可做名词或动词，一般为“卸货”，但要分场合。Routine duties of the Joint Venture Company are to be discharged by the general manager appointed by the Board of Directors.董事会任命的总经理，负责履行合资公司的日常职权。Party A agrees that the expiration of this license shall not discharge party B from its obligation.甲方同意在许可证到期时并不免除乙方应尽的义务。Mr.Smith,chartered accountant,has been appointed as liquidator to wind up the business and will discharge all the firms liabilities and receive all payments due to it.注册会计师史密斯先生已被任命为本公司结束业务的清算人，他将代理本公司清偿一切债务并收取一切应收的欠款。Party B shall check the quality of each discharge in accordance with the contract.乙方应按合同规定检查发出的每批货物的质量。,Commission 做名词，但有两个意思，“佣金”或“委员会”Please let us have your quotation in USD on the basis of CIF Port Shanghai including our 5%commission.请用美元报上海港到岸价，包括我方5%的佣金。The decision made by the Arbitration Commission shall be regarded as final and binding on both parties.仲裁委员会所作的决定应视为终局决定，对双方都有约束力。,22 商务英语信函翻译的注意事项,1.商务信函大都以传递信息的功能为主，较少运用修辞手段，一般不存在语言与文化的差异，在翻译时无须作太多变动，多数情况下可按原句结构直译。I have pleasure in apprising you that,under the auspices of several highly respected and influential houses here,I have commenced business as a shipping and assurance broker and general agent.我十分高兴地通知您，在本地几家有名望、有影响力的公司的支持下，我做起了运输与保险经纪以及总代理的生意。,2.由于商务英语信函重在纪实，因此要求译文不求虚饰但求简洁、严谨、准确。确保术语、缩略语、具有商务术语性质的词语以及商务套语翻译的规范性和准确性，就要采用对应的汉语术语翻译原文中的商贸术语。原文中的一般性叙述，在翻译时应当采用简明、易懂的汉语加以传译，保留原文的简洁流畅与易懂性。此外，还须确保事实细节（如日期、数量、金额等）等的准确翻译，不得疏漏。,3.翻译时应注意保留原文的文体正式性和委婉礼貌性，对原文情态、礼貌程度、语气和态度应当仔细分析、整体把握并在译文中充分再现。4.汉语商务信函用语和行文都讲究郑重，常用文言词语，套语亦多。常用的信函词语包括“收悉、承蒙、乞谅、见告、为盼、赐复”等，这些词现在都还可以使用,5.在实际工作中，商务信函翻译者往往并不要求将信函全译，而只是摘译。摘译信函时需注意以下要领：a.摘译之前必须通读全文，弄清信件中的所有事实。翻译之前还应当通读在此以前的有关此事的相关往返信函，并应特别注意时间顺序，力求理清事件的来龙去脉，这是能做到准确摘译的先决事件。千万不要任意猜测，不清楚时，应多请教承办过此事的相关人员。b.摘译应包括信中所有主要事实的梗概，包括时间、地点、条件等。摘译有很大的伸缩性，其内容取决于材料使用者的要求。最简略的摘译是函件摘要，往往要求只用一两句话概述来函意图或涉及何事、有何要求或建议等。c.如函件使用者要求了解较多的具体情况，则可将信中最重要（一般说来也就是最具体的）语句加以摘译。d.摘译公函不必拘泥于原文词句的形式，但必须做到不仅在事实上符合原件内容，而且在语气上也不失分寸。,