机械专业外文翻译固定卷扬式启闭机的模糊优化.doc

外文资料翻译学生姓名： 专业班级： 指导教师： Fuzzy - Optimization on Fixed Cable Hoist0 PrefaceLong-term since, hydropower engineering fixed roll Yang type hoist (hereinafter referred to hoist) design have been used for experience, not only logic.analog design method for the design cycle longer, and only a few scheme comparison and analysis, no exact evaluation standard to measure have options, there is get judged almost optimal design. With the development and application of the electronic computer, it can establish a design process automatically choose the most effective method of optimal scheme, namely optimization design. This design method is mathematical programming and computer technology, the combination of the solution of complicated design problem can become a tool. However, due to design some factors such as loading properties, material quality is difficult to use mathematical quantity said, leading to the design ambiguity. Ordinary optimization method has not considered these fuzzy factors, lack of treating fuzzy concept means and methods, many factors of artificial as determined to undertake handling, or randomness often missed the real optimization scheme and even contradictory results. This is hoist ordinary optimization design difficult to really be engineering and technical personnel to accept the root causes of the place. Hoist the fuzzy optimization can overcome the shortcomings, it common optimization study of hoist optimization process prevalent ambiguity, using the theory of fuzzy mathematics and systematically analyzing the machine and pulley institutions, hoisting, a transmission mechanism and frame structure, electrical systems and so on various agencies internal and external links, reasonably determine the parameters, calculation and in order to achieve optimization purposes. Using fuzzy optimization design not only can break through the traditional design pattern, overcome experience, is used by many analogy or assumptions and simplify the calculation formula is derived for design, checking, calculation, and many limitations when can overcome ordinary fuzzy optimization design problem, a rigid ignore the constraint conditions of faults, make complex problems, blur variable accurate constraint conditions for fuzzy constraint conditions, make a design more quickly and more accurate, more reliable and more convenient. This method can greatly shorten the design cycle, reduce product material consumption, improve product precision and performance, and access to the huge economic benefits. Therefore, hoist the fuzzy optimization will become the industry many researchers pursuit of the goal.1 fuzzy optimization research reviewed1.1 fuzzy technologyIn 1965, the United States California university professor l. a. zadeh Fuzzy (firstly put forward the concept of Fuzzy) set theory, viaM. Sugeno, based on the efforts, many scholars in the 1970s established a better fuzzy mathematics theory system. In fuzzy mathematics theory developed on the basis of high-tech - fuzzy technology is only 20 years history, but it in mechanical, electrical, chemical industry, light industry, aviation, civil, geology, water conservancy, meteorology, enterprise management and social economic and other fields, the booming its application has created huge economic benefits and social benefits. Japan in order to ensure that the competitiveness of the 21st century, establishing fuzzy basic research, fuzzy computer, machine intelligence, man-machine system, people and social system and natural systems and so on six fuzzy technology key areas for development. The United States unwilling fall behind, mainly discussed the neural network and fuzzy logic, and held the combination of once international fuzzy technology seminar. France to tide neuro-fuzzy institute was established to comprehensive plan to develop fuzzy technology. Germany's electronic and information department has made fuzzy technology, as one of the important research topic. The American market information research company (MIBC) latest survey results show that by the end of this century, fuzzy technology world markets will be 30 times greater than it is now. Fuzzy technology research in Japan, the United States, Germany, France, South Korea and other countries is already achievement. Our country in fuzzy technology research has their own characteristics, main performance in fuzzy mathematics theory research is very strong, but the lack of discipline, the crossover between application background is not obvious, the driving force is not strong, the actual application research is weak links.1.2 fuzzy medicineIn the past 10 years, the domestic and foreign some mechanical science worker is continuous efforts, the fuzzy method used in the machinery science with classic set describing all concept, principle and method, the fuzzy mathematics extended to skinned people to the theory of complex and dynamic mechanical system fuzziness of understanding, gradually formed and improved fuzzy mechanical science and technology theory system, the fuzzy medicine has research or are subjects of study are:(1) artificial intelligence and fuzzy expert system;(2) fuzzy robot technology;(3) fuzzy neural network;(4) the fuzzy control theory and applications.(5) fuzzy identification and fault diagnosis(6) the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation;(7) fuzzy clustering;(8) the fuzzy optimization;(9) fuzzy reliability.All of these research subject all achieved research results and are made important progress.1.3 mechanical fuzzy optimizationIn mechanical parts and mechanical system design, design quality standard, material strength and applicable scope, certain load distribution and properties, especially focusing on the economy and efficiency of optimization, all the indicators are fuzzy, the application of the fuzzy optimization theory can willIn the design of the fuzzy factors and fuzzy information given by reasonable quantitative restraint function, the objective function of the allowable value, expectations and fuzzy distribution function to reflect the experience, views and expert the design criterion of some recognized. Southwest jiaotong university professor HuangHongZhong studied the basic idea of fuzzy optimal machine the fuzzy optimization problem, research into the method of fuzzy optimization problem. Shandong university of technology was studied ChenJu hua's fuzzy multi-objective optimization method, the optimum similarity scale, mathematical, the weighting factor and sexual modal analysis, etc. All these studies have made great progress. At present, the mechanical structure of fuzzy optimization has made great achievements, institutions and overall fuzzy optimization still needs further research.1.4 domestic hoist optimization researchHoist the traditional design method to classical mechanics and mathematical basis, using half theory, half the design method and experience of analogyMethod, design process, cycle is long, repeatedly design accuracy is poor. In recent years, with the rapid development of the computer technology, and many crossDisciplines of modem design methods get applications such as limit state design and optimization design, reliable design, CAD, finite element method, the dynamic simulation design, modular design, three design, universal design. These modern design method makes hoister design into the innovation, high quality, and high efficiency of the new stage. Among them, the optimization design research the most widely used. Wuhan university of hydraulic and electric engineering professor LiChun studied the hoister for scheme optimization modeling, optimization methods, hoist CAD; The original electric XueRuiBao professorial senior indo-china survey and design institute studied hoist expert system; China mining university professor SunYouLan studied the structural optimization hoister, all these studies have yielded fruitful results. Unfortunately, so far, these results haven't all the practical application engineering design and manufacturing. With fuzzy mechanical science and technology development, hoist the fuzzy optimization research will become the important industry development direction. Because fuzzy optimization reflects intermediary transition widespread fuzziness, reflect the quantitative study from physical fields into one of field must meet fuzzy concepts, reflect the hoist system must involve various fuzzy factors, reflect the quantitative value of fuzzy attribute, which will push the optimization of hoister enter a new climax, thus developed can be engineering of generally accepted new achievements in scientific research.2 hoist fuzzy optimization practical significanceHydropower resources in our country have 37853 million kilowatts, including 90 % for development, hydropower development static 35582 billion yuan, invest about total investment accounts for hoister of 3 %, expected by fuzzy optimization, can save cost 20 %, therefore, can save investment 214 billion yuan.3 hoiste is the development direction of fuzzy optimizationWater conservancy and hydropower engineering system from the current the actual situation, the hoist fuzzy optimization should focus on systematically studied and discussed hoister key technology of fuzzy optimization to obtain system and its institutions of universal model of fuzzy optimization and use these theory and method guiding hoister fuzzy optimization software design, so as to get strong function, moderate scale, and can be effectively applied in engineering practical computer aided analysis tool. These key technology concrete main-showing in:(1) research hoister are fuzzy design, organization of the fuzzy optimization general organization pattern.(2) analysis and realize the computer aided design, process, the prototype system for practical engineering to provide a cheap effective analysis tools, at the same time for further system extension lay a good foundation.Hoist fuzzy optimization development:(1) the hoister, fuzzy design including the design parameters of fuzzy description, design constraints transition improvement.(2) the whole hoister fuzzy optimization strategy, research institutions and son agencies role, fuzzy leading parameters and fuzzy function parameters and fuzzy internal parameter descriptions.(3) to discuss the fuzzy optimization scheme based on hoister of fuzzy decision.(4) research hoister of multi-objective fuzzy optimization model, discusses the solution.(5) research frame structure and hoisting and other important son institutions the fuzzy optimization.(6) research rope drum production process of fuzzy optimization of process parameters.固定卷扬式启闭机的模糊优化0 前言长期以来,水利水电工程固定卷扬式启闭机(简称启闭机) 的设计一直沿用经验的类比设计方法,不仅所需的设计周期较长,而且只在少数几个方案中进行比较分析,没有精确的评价标准来衡量所选择方案的优劣,一般很难得到近乎最优的设计方案。随着电子计算机的发展与应用,可以建立一种设计过程自动选取最优方案的有效方法,即优化设计。这种设计方法是数学规划与计算机技术相结合的产物,能够成为解决复杂设计问题的一种工具。然而,由于设计中某些因素如载荷性质、材质优劣很难用确定的数学量表示,导致了设计的模糊性。普通优化方法没有考虑这些模糊因素的影响,缺乏处理模糊概念的手段和方法,把许多因素人为地当成确定的或随机性地进行处理,往往漏掉了真正的优化方案,甚至带来矛盾的结果。这就是启闭机普通优化设计难以真正被工程技术人员接受的根本原因所在。启闭机的模糊优化能够克服普通优化的缺点,它研究启闭机优化过程中普遍存在的模糊性,运用模糊数学的原理,系统地分析整机及其滑轮机构、卷扬机构、传动机构、机架结构、电气系统等各机构的内在和外在联系,合理地确定和计算各项参数,以期达到最优化的目的。采用模糊优化设计不仅可以突破传统的设计格局,克服经验的、类比的或采用由许多假设和简化导出的计算公式进行设计、校核、计算时的诸多局限,而且可以克服普通优化设计无视模糊问题,采用刚性的约束条件的缺点,使复杂问题模糊化,变精确的约束条件为模糊约束条件,使设计更快速、更精确、更可靠、更方便。这一方法可以大大缩短设计周期,降低产品材料消耗,提高产品精度和性能,并获得巨大的经济效益。因此,启闭机的模糊优化将成为本行业众多研究人员追求的目标。1 模糊优化研究综述1.1 模糊技术1965 年, 美国California 大学L. A. zadeh教授首次提出了Fuzzy (模糊) 集论的概念,经M. Sugeno 、汪培庄等众多学者的努力,于70 年代末建立了比较完善的模糊数学理论体系。在模糊数学理论基础上发展起来的高新技术模糊技术虽只有20 余年的历史,但它在机械、电气、化工、轻工、航空航天、土木、地质、水利、气象、企业管理和社会经济等领域的发展势头迅猛,其应用已创造了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。日本为了确保21 世纪的竞争力,确定了模糊基础研究、模糊计算机、机器智能、人机系统、人与社会系统、自然系统等六个模糊技术的重点发展领域。美国不甘落后,重点讨论模糊逻辑与神经网络的结合问题,并举办过一次国际性的模糊技术研讨会。法国顺应潮流地成立了神经模糊研究所,用以全面地计划开发模糊技术。德国的电子和信息部门也把模糊技术作为重要的研究课题之一。美国市场信息研究公司(MIBC) 最新调查结果表明,到本世纪末,模糊技术的世界市场将比现在大30 倍。模糊技术的研究在日、美、德、法、韩等国已成果累累。我国在模糊技术的研究方面具有自己的特色,主要表现在模糊数学理论研究实力较强,但缺乏学科间的交叉,应用背景不明显,研究的驱动力不强,实际应用研究更是薄弱环节。1.2 模糊机械学近10 年来,国内外一些机械科学工作者正在不断努力,使用模糊方法将机械科学中一切能用经典集合描述的概念、原理和方法加以推广,采用模糊数学理论来刻划人们对复杂的、动态的机械系统的模糊性的认识,逐步形成和完善了模糊机械科学与技术的理论体系,模糊机械学已经研究或正在研究的课题有:(1) 人工智能与模糊专家系统;(2) 模糊机器人技术;(3) 模糊神经网络;(4) 模糊控制理论及应用;(5) 模糊识别与故障诊断(6) 模糊综合评判;(7) 模糊聚类;(8) 模糊优化;(9) 模糊可靠性。所有这些研究课题都取得了研究成果并正在取得重要进展。1.3 机械模糊优化在机械零部件和机械系统设计中,设计的优劣标准、材料强度及适用范围、某些载荷的分布和性质等,尤其是着眼于经济和效益的优化指标,都具有模糊性,应用模糊优化理论能够将设计中的模糊因素和模糊信息定量化,通过合理给定约束函数、目标函数的容许值、期望值及其模糊分布函数来体现专家的经验、观点和某些公认的设计准则。西南交通大学黄洪钟教授研究了模糊机械优化的基本思想,研究把模糊优化问题转化为非模糊优化问题的方法。山东工业大学陈举华博士研究了模糊多目标优化的方法,研究贴近度的寻优、算式、加权因子及性态分析等。所有这些研究都取得了重大进展。目前,机械结构的模糊优化已取得了较大成果,机构及整体模糊优化还有待进一步研究。1.4 国内启闭机的优化研究启闭机传统的设计方法以经典力学和数学为基础,采用半理论、半经验的设计法和类比法,设计过程反复多,周期长,设计精度差。近年来,随着电子计算机技术的迅猛发展,许多跨学科的现代设计方法得到应用,如极限状态设计、优化设计、可靠设计、CAD、有限元法、动态仿真设计、模块化设计、三次设计、通用化设计。这些现代设计方法使启闭机的设计进入了创新、高质量、高效率的新阶段。其中,优化设计研究最为广泛。武汉水利电力大学李纯教授研究了面向方案的启闭机优化建模、优化方法、启闭机CAD ;原电力部中南勘测设计院薛瑞葆教授级高工研究了启闭机专家系统;中国矿业大学孙幼兰教授研究了启闭机的结构优化设计,所有这些研究都取得了丰硕成果。然而遗憾的是,到目前为止,这些成果还没有全部应用到实际工程的设计与制造中去。随着模糊机械科学技术的发展,启闭机的模糊优化研究将成为本行业的重要发展方向。由于模糊优化反映了中介过渡普遍存在的模糊性,反映了定量研究从物理领域进入到事理领域必然遇到的大量的模糊概念,反映了启闭机系统必然要涉及的种种模糊因素,反映了定量值的模糊属性,必将推动启闭机的优化进入一个新高潮,从而研究出能被工程界普遍接受的新成果。2 启闭机模糊优化的现实意义我国水能资源有37853 万千瓦, 其中的90 %待开发,水电开发静态投资约35582 亿元,启闭机约占总投资的3 % ,预计,采用模糊优化可节约成本20 % ,因此,可节约投资214 亿元。3 启闭机模糊优化的发展方向从目前水利水电工程系统的实际情况来看,启闭机模糊优化应着眼于系统地研究和探讨启闭机模糊优化的关键技术,以便获得系统及其机构模糊优化的通用模型,并利用这些理论和方法指导启闭机模糊优化软件设计,以期获得功能强、规模适中、能有效地应用于工程实际的计算机辅助分析工具。这些关键技术具体表现在:(1) 研究启闭机机构的模糊设计,导出机构的模糊优化的一般模式。(2) 分析并实现计算机辅助设计、工艺的原型系统,为实际工程提供一种廉价有效的分析工具,同时为进一步的系统扩展打下良好的基础。启闭机模糊优化的发展方向:(1) 启闭机的模糊设计包括设计参数的模糊描述、设计约束的过渡改良。(2) 启闭机的整体模糊优化策略,研究机构与子机构的作用,模糊主导参数与模糊作用参数及模糊内部参数的描述。(3) 讨论基于启闭机模糊优化方案的模糊判决。(4) 研究启闭机的多目标模糊优化模型,探讨其求解方法。(5) 研究机架结构及卷扬机构等重要子机构的模糊优化。(6) 研究绳鼓制造过程中的工艺参数的模糊优化。