外文翻译机械加工表面质量.doc

附录1 外文翻译（英文原文）The Surface Quantity While Machine ProcessesAbstract:The breakage of the machine spare parts, generally always from the surface layer beginning of.The function of the product, particularly its credibility and durable, be decided by the quantity of the spare parts surface layer to a large extent.Purpose that studies the machine to process the surface quantity be for control the machine process medium various craft factor to process the surface quantity influence of regulation, in order to make use of these regulations to control to process the process, end attain to improve the surface quantity, the exaltation product use the function of purpose. Key word:The machine process the tired strength surface quantity remaining dintText:A.the machine processes the surface quantity to use the influence of the function to the machine(A)The surface quantity to bear to whet the sexual influence1. Rough degree of surface to bear to whet the sexual influenceA just process vice- of two contact surfaces of good friction, the first stage is rough only in the surface of of the peak department contact, the actual contact area is far small get in touch with the area in the theories, at mutually get in touch with of department of peak have very big unit should dint, make actual contact area creation the mold transform, the flexibility transforms to shear to slice the breakage with of the department of peak , cause seriously wear away. The spare parts wear away and can is divided into three stages generally, wearing away the stage, wearing away the stage normally in the early years and violent wear away the stage. The rough degree of surface is very big to the influence that the spare parts surface wear away.Say a value of surface generally more small, it wears away sex more good.But rough degree of surface the value is too small, lubricant not easy storage, contact of the noodles easy occurrence the member glues to connect, wearing away to increase on the contrary.Therefore, the rough degree that contact face have a the best value, it is worth to have something to do with the work circumstance of the spare parts, working to carry the lotus enlargement, wore away the quantity aggrandizement in the early years, rough degree of surface the best value also enlargement. 2. The surface is cold to make to harden to bear to whet the sexual influenceProcess the surface cold to make to harden to make rub the vice- surface layer the metals of show minute details the degree of hardness exaltation, past can make bear to whet the sex exaltation generally.But is also not cold to make to harden the degree more high, bear to whet sex more high, this is because excessively cold make to harden and will cause the excesssive loose of the metals organization loose, even appear the crack and surface layer metals peeling off, make bear to whet sex to descend. (B)The surface influence of the quantity upon the tired strengthThe tired breakage that metals produce after be subjected to hand over to change to carry the lotus function usually takes place under the cold and hard layer of the spare parts surface and surfaces, therefore the surface quantity of the spare parts affects to the tired strength very greatly. 1. The surface influence of the rough degree upon the tired strengthAt hand over to change to carry the lotus function under, the surface part of the cave valley of the rough degree causes easily should the dint concentration, produce the tired crack.A value of surface is more big, the crackle of the surface is more deep, the crackle bottom radius is more small, the anti- tired breakage bottom ability is more bad. 2. Remaining dint, cold make to harden to the influence of the tired strengthRemaining dint is very big to the spare parts influence of the tired strength.The surface layer remaining pull should the dint will make tired crack extend, accelerating the tired breakage;But the surface layer remaining should the dint can keep tired crack from expand, defer tired breakage of creation. Surface the cold and hard general companion contain remaining of should the creation of the dint, can keep the crack creation from combine the arrestment already has the crack to expand, to raise the tired strength beneficial. (C) the surface quantity to bear the eclipse influenceThe spare parts bears the eclipse to be decided by the rough degree of surface to a large extent.A value of surface is more big, accumulating the causticity material in the then cave valley more many.The anti- eclipse is more bad. Remaining of the surface layer pull should the dint will produce should the dint decay to open the rift , lower the spare parts to bear to whet sex, but Residual stress press should the dint then can prevent°from should dint decay open the rift . (D)The surface quantity to match with the influence of the quantityA size for be worth of surface will affect the match quantity of the match surface.Match with for the cleft, a value conference make wear away the enlargement, the cleft enlarge, the match property that break the request.For lead the over match, assemble process in a the convex peak of part of surfaces is push even, actual lead the amount of over let up, lowering the match the conjunction strength of the a. B. the influence surface factor of the rough degree( A)Slice to pare to process to affect the surface factor of the rough degree1. The knife has several shapes to reply to reflectThe knife have opposite make in to give exercise in the work piece, at processed the surface to leave to slice to pare the layer to remain the area, its shape hour the knife has several the shape replies to reflect.Let up in to be partial to Cape for quantity, lord, vice- be partial to the Cape and enlarge the point of a knife arc radius, all can let up the height of remain the area. In addition, the mold that the ex- Cape that appropriate aggrandizement knife have slices by let up to pare transforms the degree, the reasonable choice lubricate the liquid and the exaltation knifes to have the mold that the blade whets the quantity to slice by let up to pare to transform and repress the knife lump, scale to stab born, also is let up a value of valid measure. 2. The property of a material of workWhile processing the material of mold , have from the knife to produced the mold to transform to the squeeze of metals, the knife that add has to force to slice the tear to pieces of scraps and the work piece separate function, making a value of surface enlargement.A material of work tenacity is more good, the mold of the metals transform more big, process the surface more rough. While processing the brittleness material, it slices the scraps to present the broken pieces form, because of slicing the scraps to collapse ground but at process the surface to leave many points to order, make surface rough. 3. Slice to pare the dosage(B)Whet to pare to process to affect the surface factor of the rough degreeJust be like to slice to pare to process the surface formation process of the rough degree, formation that whets to pare to process the rough degree of surface also hour from several why plain transform with the mold of the surface metals to decide of. The influence whets to pare the rough main factor of surface to have: The degree of hardness, emery wheel of a degree, emery wheel of the emery wheel fix whole, whet to pare the speed and whet to pare the path to enter to whet number of times, the work a circumference for quantity and light to enter to the speed and stalks to enter to the quantity and cool off the lubrication liquid.C. affect the factor of process the surface layer physics machine functionIn slice pare process, the work piece because of being subjected to slice to pare the dint and slice the function of pare the heat, make the physics machine the function creation of the surface layer metals change, the variety of the most is variety and Residual stress s that the variety, gold that the surface layer metals shows minute details the degree of hardness organizes mutually should the creation of the dint.Because whetting to pare to process the mold produce transforms and slices to pare the hot ratio knife blade to slice to pare serious, as a result whet to pare to process to process behind the surface layer variety of above-mentioned three physicses machine function and would be very big. (A)The surface layer is cold to make the hardening1. Cold make to harden and it assesses the parameterThe machine processes the process in because of slicing to pare the output mold of the dint function to transform, make the Crystal grain space distort, mutation, a creation shears to slice to slip to move, grain of Crystal grain drive make longer to turn with fiber, even broken up, these would make the surface layer metals of degree of hardnesses and strength raise, this kind of phenomenon be called cold make the hardening.( or be called to enhance)The result that the surface layer metals enhance, will enlarge the resistance that metals transform, let up the mold of the metals, the physical property of the metals also will take place the variety. Drive cold make the unsteady appearance that the metals of the hardening is placed in the high ability, only have a probably, the unsteady appearance of the metals will convert toward more stable appearance, this kind of phenomenon is called to weaken.The size that weakens the function is decided by the temperature high and low, the temperature keeps on the length of time and enhances the size of the degree.Because the metals is in the function that the machine processes to be subjected to the dint and heat at the same time in the process, therefore, processing after the surface layer end property of the metals is decided by to enhance and weaken the comprehensive function of result. Assess cold make the hardening of index sign have three, namely the show minute details of the surface layer metals degree of hardness HV, harden the layer depth h and harden the degree N. 2. Affect cold main factor that make to hardenSlice to pare a radius of the blade bluntness to enlarge, to the squeeze of the surface layer metals function to build up, the mold transforms to turn worse, causing the cold and hard to build up.After knife have the knife faces to wear away the aggrandizement, empress the knife face with is process surface of friction turn worse, the mold transform the aggrandizement, causing the cold and hard to build up. Slice to pare the speed aggrandizement, the knife has to shorten with function time of the work piece, making mold transform expand the depth to let up, the cold and hard layer depth let up.After slicing to pare the speed aggrandizement, slice to pare the heat on a surface of work layer of function time also shorten the joy, will make the cold and hard degree increment.Enter to enlarge for quantity, slice to pare the dint to also enlarge, surface layer the mold of the metals transforms to turn worse, the cold and hard function strengthen. The mold of a material of work is more big, the cold and hard phenomenon is more serious. (B)The surface layer material gold organizes the variety mutuallyAfter slicing to pare the heat to make to be process the temperature of the surface exceeds to change the temperature mutually, the gold of the surface layer metals organizes mutually and will take place the variety. 1. Whet to pare the burnWhen were attained to change the temperature mutually by a surface of grinder layer temperature above, the variety that the surface layer metals occurrence gold mutually organize, make the surface layer metals strength and degree of hardnesses lower, and the companion contain Residual stress should the dint produce, even appearing the tiny view crack, this kind of phenomenon is called to whet to pare the burn.While whetting to pare the quench steel, possible creation following three kinds of burns: 2.Return to fire burnIf whet the temperature of pare the area and did not exceed the quench steel to change the temperature mutually, but have already exceeded MA3 ZHI TI3's change temperature, a surface layer of work metals returns to the fire MA3 ZHI TI3's organization and will change the degree of hardness return to the fire organization(Sorbite and Child's body) lowerly, this kind of burn is called to return to fire burn. 3.The quench burnIf whetted to pare the area temperature to exceed to change the temperature mutually, and cool off the nasty and cold function of the liquid, the surface layer metals take place fire of quench two times, make the surface layer metals appear two times quench Martensite organization, its degree of hardness compare originally return to fire Martensite of high, at its bottom layer, but the gooseflesh compare slowly, appeared the degree of hardness to compare to return to fire at first, Martensite return to the fire organization(Sorbite and Child's body) lowly, this kind of burn is called the quench burn. 4.Back the fire burnIf whetted to pare the area temperature to exceed to change the temperature mutually, but whet to pare the district and did not cool off the liquid into, the surface layer metals will produce to back the fire organization, the surface degree of hardness descend nasty play, this kind of burn is called to back the fire burn. 2. The improvement whets the path of pare the burnWhet to pare hot is a source that results in whet to pare the burn, the past improvement whets to pare the burn from two paths:While reducing to whet to pare the hot real estate to living possibly;Two is an improvement to cool off the condition, make produce the amount of subterranean heat as far as possible little stream into the work piece. (C)The surface layer remaining should dint1. Produce remaining of should the reason of the dinta. Slice to pare have the mold to transform the occurrence in process the surface metals layer, make the metal ratio of surface permit the enlargement.Because the mold transform only creation in the surface layer metals, but the ratio of the surface layer metals permits the aggrandizement, the physical volume inflation, the mile layer that want to be subjected to connect with each other with it inevitably metals of arrestment, so produced in the surface metals layer Remaining dint, but produce the remaining to pull in in the layer metals should dint. b. Slice to pare to process medium, slice and pare the area and there will be to slice to pare the hot creation in great quantities.c. The different gold organizes the density of have the dissimilarity mutually, also having the different ratio to permit.If the surface layer metals produced the variety that gold mutually organize, the variety that the surface layer metals compares to permit want to be subjected to by all means with its