毕业论文（设计）中职《 影视制作》 项目单元化初探43060.doc

中职影视制作项目单元化初探高玲云 徐州市中等专业学校 江苏徐州 221000 【摘要】：随着电影、电视、广告业的发展，业界对后期制作人才的需求越来越大。影视制作课程仍采用传统的教学模式，学生动手操作的能力弱，无法满足企业的需求。为了解决这个问题，中职校采用了项目单元化教学模式。一方面充分利用校内实训设施，引入行业专业制作实训与仿真实训项目，广泛开展实训；另一方面，开展校企合作，联系一些相关企业或单位组建本专业的校外实习基地，让学生对工作岗位所需要的相关专业能力与实践能力有一个充分的认识和了解。【关键词】：影视制作 项目单元化 教学应用在信息化高速发展的现代社会，以多媒体技术为重要基础的影视领域，进入了一个既充满挑战也充满机遇的时代。电影、电视、广告业对后期制作人才的需求越来越大，影视后期行业从业人员供不应求。面对巨大的市场需求，影视包装专业在各中职学校如雨后春笋般，应运而生，并迅速成为热门的专业。而影视制作作为影视包装专业的主干课程，占有非常重要的地位。但是，传统的教学模式已严重阻碍了该课程的教学效果，学生动手操作的能力弱，再加上教师实践方面与企业脱轨，导致学生能力与工作岗位所需要的实践能力要求存在较大的差距。针对以上问题，笔者初步探讨了在影视制作课程教学中实施项目单元化教学模式。一、影视制作课程现状中职影视制作课程主要存在学生主体参与不足、专业知识与行业实践接轨不够两个比较突出的普遍性问题。让学生主体参与是教育教学的普遍要求，而作为重在培养职业行动能力的中职教育，“以学生为主体”理应表现的更加充分。据调查显示，学生自主参与比较充分的课堂不到20%。学生的参与在整个教学过程中起着关键性的作用。而专业知识与行业实际脱轨也是导致学生参与度低的一个原因。从调研情况看，理论与实践分离、照本宣科现象仍然普遍。据统计，专业知识能较充分体现理论联系行业实际的课堂仅为5%，散发出比较浓烈的“课堂味”。主要体现在三个方面：书本味、应试味和书院味上。如何解决这两个突出的问题，应该引入“项目单元化”的教学模式。二、构建影视制作项目单元化1、项目单元化概念 “项目单元化”这个名词最初是应用在机械零件加工和总成装配的领域内，开始产生和发展起来的，特别是作为汽车工业精益生产系统中一项重要内容，它在零部件加工及装配领域非常重要。项目单元化生产是指：若干个拥有特定专业核心技术的供应商，为制造一种或多种产品而联合起来。项目单元化逐渐运用在教育教学中，它是以基本能力的培养为导向，按不同项目划分单元，取消落后的知识结构，强调按技能划分知识结构，通过校企合作，培养学生的操作技能，以满足职业需求的教学模式。影视制作是针对影视后期、动漫设计人员的能力需求而设置的，“项目单元化”教学中“单元”的形成，应充分熟悉这门课程的教学大纲、教学内容和教学方法，经过认真分析，从校企合作中提炼出这门课的基本要素，有机结合这些“要素”，形成教学“单元”。2、构建项目单元化的课程体系为研究该课程的项目单元化教学的课程体系，针对影视专业需求，必须打破以往陈旧的以传授为主的教学模式，教师和学生彻底改变观念，教学方式由教师的“教”过渡到学生的“学”。我们可以从两个方面入手进行课程改革。一是充分利用学校的现有实训资源，引入行业或企业的专业制作实训和仿真实训项目，广泛开展实训。在中职校，有许多的著名校企合作单位，其中完美动力公司是一家在影视后期处理方面非常出色的公司。我们与公司一起制作项目，并把项目引入课堂，着重讲解电视包装，影视特效，后期合成等方面的专业知识并进行各阶段流程的基本要素的提炼。利用简单易学的项目单元讲解一些基础知识，达到活学现用的目的，再利用大的商业项目进行综合实训，按照公司的制作流程进行安排和要求。二是与企业进行零接触，互相合作。组织学生去企业或公司工学交替，让学生对工作岗位所需要的相关专业能力与实践能力有一个充分的认识和了解。在平时的教学过程中，应该理实一体化，理论与实际相结合，采用项目单元化的方法，对项目进行剖析。对影视制作课程体系提出以下设想：课程体系分为前期创意单元、后期制作单元和综合实训单元三大部分。前期创意单元的课程为:镜头语言、客户需求、故事版制作、创意原点表现风格。后期制作单元的课程为: 分镜故事版、分镜单元配乐合成、概念设计、三维模型设计、材质贴图灯光。综合实训单元的课程为:仿真实训、后期合成渲染。根据课程单元的划分，掌握每个单元课程的内容，结合项目所需要的专业知识进行教与学。将企业已完成的项目或计划实施的项目应用与教学中，学生制作出项目会产生成就感，从而提高了学生的学习积极性，让学生所学的理论知识得到充分的实践化。三、“项目单元化”教学应用徐州市中等专业学校于2009年已基本构建了项目单元化课程体系，并在电脑美术09（1）班进行教学实践，已取得比较满意的效果。1、承前启后，添加一些课程群。课程群的建设通过融合和规划相关课程群体性的信息，可以在有效的时间内、以最低的成本使学生获得最大化理论和实践知识。本课程是门核心课程，兼具实践性、技术性和艺术性的课程。前期课程有现代摄影与视频采集技术、视听语言、现代平面设计，这些课程之间互相联系，互相渗透。我们应准确定位“最近发展区”，形成课程群教与学的目标共鸣效应。2、企业参与课程设置。将企业文化融入课程教学，融入新的实用的操作技能，删除已经过时的知识与操作方式。课程设置主要包括合理的课程结构和课程内容。影视制作课程的结构顺序合理，能使学生通过课程的学习与训练，获得影视后期专业所具备的知识与能力。企业参与课程设置，可以使学生明白时代发展的要求与前沿，能学以致用，融会贯通。3、教师和学生转变观念，把企业引进课堂中。经济全球化及教育现代化的发展，对人才的培养提出了更新更高的要求。教师作为教书育人的主题，提高自身的素质尤为重要。专业课教师应加强理论及生产实践的学习，做到博学多才。专业课教师积极参加相关的专业培训，到企业去挂职锻炼，提高业务能力和实践经验。通过项目单元化，让学生发现问题解决问题并找到方法；通过工学交替，让学生对知识有更深入的体会和理解，能在掌握技能的基础上掌握规律。学生到公司去实践，了解了后期制作的流程环节，了解了自己的不足和努力方向，为以后的学习打下了坚实的基础。4、改变考核方式。影视制作课程重在实践，通过实训项目提高学生的动手能力，同时，小组合作也是课程开展的重要方式。传统的“笔纸测验”+“实践测试”的评价方法，已远远不能满足现行行业的发展。必须对考核方式进行大胆的改革与创新。考核项目包括平时成绩、实训项目成绩、课程设计综合设计自主创新及团队协作的能力。考核的方式不但将所学专业的多门课程进行整合，而且还充分挖掘学生潜力，融入学生的智慧，培养学生综合应用所学知识的能力，培养了学生参与意识，培养了团队协作的精神。四、成果展示在影视制作项目单元化实训中，学生们开发出来的作品总体来说具有以下特点：主题鲜明、内容翔实；版式美观合理，形式新颖。实训成果之一“作品名称”界面如图（琵琶行视频剪辑 吕静 ）总而言之，影视后期专业“项目单元化”教学改革必将提高教学质量，拉近学校和企业、学习和就业之间距离的行之有效的方法。虽然，“项目单元化”教学改革有很大的困难，但坚定信念，就可以实现。【参考文献】：1张璐.影视后期合成项目单元化教学模式研究初探J.高教研究。2010（8）2黄超.论治安管理专业单元化教学模式J.广州市公安管理干部学院学报。2011(4)Editor's note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the world's first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, I've still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, you'd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. I'm anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.It's like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there 待添加的隐藏文字内容2Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line "we" would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and "capcom" (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, "Fearless Felix" will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way I'd miss this.