电大中国古代文学专题试题及答案1小抄参考.doc

中国古代文学专题（1）试题及答案一、文学常识填空（共18分，每空1分，有错别字不给分）二、解释名词（共32分，每题8分）1、四家诗：汉代传习诗经的鲁、齐、韩、毛四家，分别由鲁人申培、齐人辕固、燕人韩婴、鲁人毛亨和赵人毛苌所创。其中鲁、齐、韩三家属于今文经学，又称为“三家诗”或“今文三家”；毛诗晚出，属古文经学。自东汉末年郑玄为毛氏诗故训传作注之后，毛诗大盛，三家诗逐渐消亡。2、九歌：是屈原吸取楚地的民间神话故事，利用民间祭歌的形式写成的一组意象清新、语言优美并富有爱国主义精神的抒情诗。九歌共分十一篇，即东皇太一、云中君、湘君、湘夫人、大司命、少司命、东君、河伯、国殇、礼魂。九歌艺术成就极高，表现为拟人化的自然神形象塑造、情景交融的意境、情味悠深的语言。3、花间词：五代时蜀地一批词人创作的词，因后蜀赵崇祚编其为花间集而得名。花间派词人以温庭筠为鼻祖，词作以歌咏男欢女爱、相思离别为主要内容，以红楼翠阁、闺房帐帷为主要背景，以香艳浓丽、婉约缠绵为主要风格。花间词的这种特点对词体文学的特征影响极大，“诗庄词媚”一说的成因即与它有很大关系。4、田园诗：是指歌咏田园生活的诗歌，多以农村景物和农民、牧人、渔父等的劳动为题材。田园诗由陶渊明开创，唐宋之后，变成了隐居不仕的文人和退居田园的仕宦们所作的以田园生活为描写对象的诗歌。王维和孟浩然是唐代田园诗的代表作家，前者的渭川田家、新晴野望，后者的过故人庄等都是田园诗中佳作。三、论析题（共50分。第1、2题必选一题；第3、4题必选一题；每题25分。如1、2两题或者3、4两题都答了，一律只给前者判分。）1、诗经婚姻爱情诗包括哪几类内容？其思想意义和艺术价值如何？说明：参考教材诗经与楚辞84页102页，答案要点：（1）诗经婚姻爱情诗的内容包括：男女的相恋相思，如溱洧、静女、蒹葭等；对婚礼场景的描写、对新婚的祝贺，如硕人、桃夭等；对婚姻不幸的哀叹，如氓等。（2）诗经婚姻爱情诗的思想意义：表现了高尚、纯洁的感情。（3）诗经婚姻爱情诗的艺术特色：现实主义的写实手法；特点鲜明的形象塑造；深含意蕴的景物描写，生动活泼的语言。2、简析橘颂的思想和艺术特色。（附：橘颂全文）说明：参考教材224227页，答案要点：（1）橘颂是屈原青少年时代创作的一首咏物诗，通过对橘树斑斓夺目的外表和坚定不移的美质的歌颂，表达了诗人对高尚人格的肯定和赞美，抒写了诗人的理想。（2）橘颂一诗的分段解析：首段借橘树的“受命不迁”、“深固难徙”抒发自己的宗国之情和乡土之恋。第二段赞颂橘树叶绿花洁，枝茂果圆，借以表达对内美外修的人格的赞美。第三段借橘树的自然本性来颂扬“无求”、“不流”、“秉德无私”的高尚品格。末段表示以橘树为师表的志向。（3）橘颂在文学史上的地位：橘颂开咏物诗之先河。3、结合诗歌分析古代送别诗中的主要意象：“南浦”、“杨柳”。说明：参考教材唐诗宋词133141页，答案要点：（1）“南浦”：a、这一意象多见于南方水路送别的诗词中 "If we don't do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it; we need the courage to do it."His comments came hours after Fifa vice-president Jeffrey Webb - also in London for the FA's celebrations - said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his complaint.CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been "exaggerated" by the Ivorian and the British media.Blatter, 77, said: "It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them."It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense."We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination."This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football."The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there