缓冲溶液的配制.doc

常用缓冲溶液的配制（一）甘氨酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X毫升0.2 mol/L甘氨酸Y毫升0.2 mol/L HCl，再加水稀释至200毫升。pHXYpHXY2.25044.03.05011.42.45032.43.2508.22.65024.23.4506.42.85016.83.6505.0甘氨酸分子量75.07。0.2 mol/L甘氨酸溶液含15.01 g/L。 （二）邻苯二甲酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X毫升0.2 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾Y毫升0.2 mol/L HCl，再加水稀释至20毫升。pH(20)XYpH (20)XY2.254.6703.251.4702.453.9603.450.9902.653.2952.650.5972.852.6423.850.2633.052.032   邻苯二甲酸氢钾分子量204.23。0.2 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液含40.85 g/L。 （三）磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.1     mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)2.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.63.84.04.24.44.64.85.00.401.242.183.174.114.945.706.447.107.718.288.829.359.8610.3019.6018.7617.8216.8315.8915.0614.3013.5612.9012.2911.7211.1810.6510.149.705.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.010.7211.1511.6012.0912.6313.2213.8514.5515.4516.4717.3918.1718.7319.1519.459.288.858.407.917.376.786.155.454.553.532.611.831.270.850.55Na2HPO4分子量141.98；0.2 mol/L溶液为28.40 g/L。Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量178.05；0.2 mol/L溶液为35.61 g/L。Na2HPO4·12H2O分子量358.22；0.2 mol/L溶液为71.64 g/L。C6H8O7·H2O分子量210.14；0.1 mol/L溶液为21.01 g/L。 （四）柠檬酸-氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液pH钠离子浓度(mol/L)柠檬酸 (g)C6H8O7·H2O氢氧化钠 (g)NaOH 97盐酸 (mL)HCl (浓)最终体积(L)2.20.2021084160103.10.2021083116103.30.2021083106104.30.202108345105.30.3524514468105.80.45285186105106.50.3826615612610 使用时可以每升中加入1克酚，若最后pH值有变化，再用少量50氢氧化钠溶液或浓盐酸调节，冰箱保存。（五）柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液（0.1 mol/L）pH0.1     mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸钠 (mL)pH0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸钠 (mL)3.018.61.45.08.211.83.217.22.85.27.312.73.416.04.05.46.413.63.614.95.15.65.514.53.814.06.05.84.715.34.013.16.96.03.816.24.212.37.76.22.817.24.411.48.66.42.018.04.610.39.76.61.418.64.89.210.8   柠檬酸：C6H8O7·H2O分子量210.14 ；0.1 mol/L溶液为21.01 g/L。柠檬酸钠：Na3C6H5O7·2H2O分子量294.12 ；0.1 mol/L溶液为29.41 g/L。 （六）醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液（0.2 mol/L）pH(18)0.2 mol/LNaAc (mL)0.2 mol/LHAc (mL)pH(18)0.2 mol/LNaAc (mL)0.2 mol/LHAc (mL)3.60.759.354.85.904.103.81.208.805.07.003.004.01.808.205.27.902.104.22.657.355.48.601.404.43.706.305.69.100.904.64.905.105.86.400.60NaAc·3H2O分子量136.09；0.2 mol/L溶液为27.22 g/L。冰乙酸11.8 mL稀释至1 L（需标定）。 （七）磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X 毫升 0.2 mol/L KH2PO4+Y毫升0.2 mol/L NaOH 加水稀释至20毫升。pH (20)X (mL)Y (mL)pH (20) X (mL) Y (mL)5.850.3727.052.9636.050.5707.253.5006.250.8607.453.9506.451.2607.654.2806.651.7807.854.5206.852.3658.054.680 （八）磷酸盐缓冲液磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲液（0.2 mol/L）pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.2 mol/LNaH2PO4 (mL)pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.2 mol/LNaH2PO4 (mL)5.88.092.07.061.039.05.910.090.07.167.033.06.012.387.77.272.028.06.115.085.07.377.023.06.218.581.57.481.019.06.322.577.57.584.016.06.426.573.57.687.013.06.531.568.57.789.510.56.637.562.57.891.58.56.743.556.57.993.07.06.849.051.08.094.75.36.955.045.0   Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量178.05；0.2 mol/L溶液为35.61 g/L。Na2HPO4·12H2O分子量358.22；0.2 mol/L溶液为71.64 g/L。NaH2PO4·H2O分子量138.01；0.2 mol/L溶液为27.6 g/L。NaH2PO4·2H2O分子量156.03；0.2 mol/L溶液为31.21 g/L。（九）巴比妥纳-盐酸缓冲液pH（18）0.04 mol/L巴比妥钠(mL)0.2 mol/LHCl (mL)PH（18）0.04 mol/L巴比妥钠(mL)0.2 mol/LHCl (mL)6.810018.48.41005.217.010017.88.61003.827.210016.78.81002.527.410015.39.01001.657.610013.49.21001.137.810011.479.41000.708.01009.399.61000.358.21007.21   巴比妥钠分子量206.18；0.04 mol/L溶液为8.25 g/L。 （十）Tris-HCl缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）50毫升0.1mol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris）溶液与X毫升0.1mol/L盐酸混匀并稀释至100毫升。pH (25)X (mL)pH (25)X (mL)7.1045.78.1026.27.2044.78.2022.97.3043.48.3019.97.4042.08.4017.27.5040.38.5014.77.6038.58.6012.47.7036.68.7010.37.8034.58.808.57.9032.08.907.08.0029.2  Tris分子量121.14 ；0.1 mol/L溶液为12.114 g/L。Tris溶液可从空气中吸收二氧化碳，使用时注意将瓶盖严。（十一）、硼酸-硼砂缓冲液 (0.2 mol/L硼酸根)pH0.05 mol/L硼砂 (mL)0.2 mol/L硼酸 (mL)pH0.05 mol/L硼砂 (mL)0.2 mol/L硼酸 (mL)7.41.09.08.23.56.57.61.58.58.44.55.57.82.08.08.76.04.08.03.07.09.08.02.0硼砂：Na2B4O7·10H2O分子量381.43；0.05 mol/L溶液（等于0.2 mol/L硼酸根）含19.07 g/L。硼酸：H3BO3分子量61.84；0.2 mol/L的溶液为12.37 g/L。硼砂易失去结晶水，必须在带塞的瓶中保存。 （十二）甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X毫升0.2 mol/L甘氨酸Y毫升0.2 mol/L NaOH加水稀释至200毫升。pHX (mL)Y (mL)pHX (mL)Y (mL)8.6504.09.65022.48.8506.09.85027.29.0508.8105032.09.25012.010.45038.69.45016.810.65045.5甘氨酸分子量75.07；0.2 mol/L溶液含15.01 g/L （十三）硼砂-氢氧化纳缓冲液（0.05 mol/L硼酸根）X毫升0.05 mol/L硼砂Y毫升0.2 mol/L NaOH加水稀释至200毫升。pHX (mL)Y (mL)pHX (mL)Y (mL)9.3506.09.85034.09.45011.010.05043.09.65023.010.15046.0硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2O分子量381.43；0.05 mol/L硼砂溶液（等于0.2 mol/L硼酸根）为19.07 g/L。（十四）碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液（0.1 mol/L）(此缓冲液在Ca2、Mg2存在时不得使用).pH0.1 mol/L Na2CO3(mL)0.1 mol/L NaHCO3(mL)20379.168.77199.409.22289.519.40379.789.50469.909.725510.149.906410.2810.087310.5310.288210.8310.5791Na2CO3·10H2O分子量286.2； 0.1 mol/L溶液为28.62 g/L。NaHCO3分子量84.0； 0.1 mol/L溶液为8.40 g/L。标准缓冲液pH值与温度对照表温度四草酸氢钾0.05M邻苯二甲酸氢钾0.05M混合磷酸盐0.025M硼砂0.01M51.674.006.959.39101.674.006.029.33151.674.006.909.28201.684.006.889.23251.684.006.869.18301.684.016.859.14351.694.026.849.1115“PBS”缓冲液PH7.67.47.27.0H2ONaClNa2HPO4NaH2PO410008.52.20.110008.52.20.210008.52.20.3100ml8.5g2.2g0.4g常用缓冲溶液常用浓度及pH范围缓冲液名称及常用浓度配制pH范围主要物质分子量Mr甘氨酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05mol/L）2.2-5.0甘氨酸Mr=75.07邻苯二甲酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05mol/L）2.2-3.8邻苯二甲酸氢钾Mr=204.23磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液2.2-8.0磷酸氢二钠Mr=141.98柠檬酸-氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液2.2-6.5柠檬酸Mr=192.06柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液（0.1mol/L）3.0-6.6柠檬酸Mr=192.06柠檬酸钠Mr=257.96乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液（0.2mol/L）3.6-5.8乙酸钠Mr=81.76乙酸Mr=60.o5邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲液4.1-5.9邻苯二甲酸氢钾Mr=204.23磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲液（0.2mol/L）5.8-8.0Na2HPO4·2H2O Mr=178.05Na2HPO4·12H2O Mr=358.22NaH2PO4·H2O Mr=138.01NaH2PO4·2H2O Mr=156.03磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液（1/15 molL）4.92-8.18Na2HPO4·2H2O Mr=178.05KH2PO4 Mr=136.09磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05mol/L）5.8-8.0KH2PO4 Mr=136.09巴比妥钠-盐酸缓冲液(18)6.8-9.6巴比妥钠Mr=206.18Tris-盐酸缓冲液(0.05mol/L 25)7.10-9.00三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris）Mr=121.14硼砂-盐酸缓冲液(0.05mol/L)8.0-9.1硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2O Mr=381.43硼酸-硼砂缓冲液(0.2mol/L)7.4-8.0硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2O Mr=381.4H3BO3 Mr=61.84甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05mol/L)8.6-10.6甘氨酸Mr=75.07硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05mol/L)9.3-10.1硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2O Mr=381.43碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液(0.1mol/L)9.16-10.83碳酸钠Mr=286.2碳酸氢钠Mr=84.0碳酸钠-氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.025mol/L)9.6-11.0磷酸氢二钠-氢氧化钠缓冲液10.9-12.0Na2HPO4·2H2O Mr=178.05Na2HPO4·12H2O Mr=358.22氯化钾-盐酸缓冲液（0.2mol/L）1.0-2.2氯化钾Mr=74.55氯化钾-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.2mol/L）12.0-13.0氯化钾Mr=74.55pH值 1 氯化钾-盐酸 13.0 ml 0.2 mol/L HCl 与25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L KCl混合均匀后，加水稀释至100 ml 1.7 2 氨基乙酸-盐酸 在500 ml 水中溶解氨基乙酸150 g，加480 ml浓盐酸，再加水稀释至1L 2.3 3 一氯乙酸-氢氧化钠 在200 ml 水中溶解2 g 一氯乙酸后，加40 g NaOH，溶解完全后再加水稀释至1 L 2.8 4 邻苯二甲酸氢钾-盐酸 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L的邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液与6.0 ml 0.1 mol/L HCl混合均匀，加水稀释至100 ml 3.6 5 邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L的邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液与17.5 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH混合均匀，加水稀释至100 ml 4.8 6 六亚甲基四胺-盐酸 在200 ml水中溶解六亚甲基四胺40 g，加浓HCl 10 ml，再加水稀释至1 L 5.4 7 磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L的磷酸二氢钾与23.6 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH混合均匀，加水稀释至100 ml 6.8 8 硼酸-氯化钾-氢氧化钠 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L的硼酸-氯化钾与4.0 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH 混合均匀，加水稀释至100 ml 8.0 9 氯化铵-氨水 把0.1 mol/L 氯化铵与0.1 mol/L 氨水以2：1比例混合均匀 9.1 10 硼酸-氯化钾-氢氧化钠 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L 的硼酸-氯化钾与43.9 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH混合均匀，加水稀释至100 ml 10.0 11 氨基乙酸-氯化钠-氢氧化钠 把 49.0 ml 0.1 mol/L 氨基乙酸-氯化钠与51.0 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH混合均匀 11.6 12 磷酸氢二钠-氢氧化钠 把 50.0 ml 0.05 mol/L Na2HPO4与26.9 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH 混合均匀，加水稀释至100 ml 12.0 13 氯化钾-氢氧化钠 把 25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L KCl与66.0 ml 0.2 mol/L NaOH混合均匀，加水稀释至100 ml 13.0