The Most Suitable One Is the Best One中美政体比较.doc

The Most Suitable One Is the Best OneAbstract:Up to now, though the economic situation has improved, the U.S. is still under the shadow of financial crisis happened on September 15th, 2008. While, in China, the economic condition is also affected by the crisis, but it is little. What causes the different extent of interference between the two countries? The Wall Street in America being the economic center is a big factor, but we cant ignore the most important factor behind it which is the political system.Crucial words:Political system, NPC, individualism, collectivism, separation of powers, dialecticallyMain text:In the U.S., its government has generally operated on laissez-faire and free-market principles of Scottish economist Adam Smith , whose 1776 book The Wealth of Nations shared the natural law philosophy in Tomas Jeffersons Declaration of Independence. Agreeing with Smith that individual self-interest would promote the general welfare, its government has limited its intervention into business dealings, which, in turn, has given rise to entrepreneurship and an individual “pursuit of happiness”. Individualism is a strong belief of most Americans. A big factor forming the American philosophy of economy and politics, is the 200 years of basically stable governmentthe Civil War notwithstandingand the creative tension between individual freedom and state responsibility. Influenced by the idea of individualism, as a result, the individual self worth is crucial to the philosophy of capitalism and to the workers who make the wealth. So, America takes the capitalist market economy system. Under such a kind of system, and the strong interventionist and regulationist role, which was played by the government form the Great Depression to the 1970sthe Keynesian, has been criticized strongly. After that, the Neoliberalism thought is sought. Governmental trend has been towards deregulation. Because of this thought of economics and management, it caused a much less intervention into the economy, not enough promotion or protection from government, and excessive liberalism and individualism, the inevitable consequence comes out.Differently, our country China takes the socialist economic system. The most part of it is the public ownership. Not the limited interventionist in the U.S., Chinese government attaches importance to whole countrys interventionist and regulation, so our government takes measures which called Macrocontrol, which is a big invisible hand. Unlike the individualism and liberalism, Chinese values more about the collectivism and the sense of unity. Affected by this kind of thought, Chinese think the national and collectives interest is much more important than personal interest. For the purpose of the whole nations interest, we Chinese are taught ready to sacrifice ourselves at any moment. However, it is not the same as American. They think more about themselvesmore egoism. It is said that if the soldiers get through a war, the U.S. advocates when faced with danger, they should protect themselves rather than continuing fighting. The whole countrys individualism or collectivism can also be found in a very small phenomenonthe family value. In America, when children grow up, they move away from home and run their own independent life. Whats more, because of the high pension of general welfare, children grown-up dont need to maintain their parents, so that they live away from them. Completely differently, Chinese law stipulates people have the maintenance obligations for their parents. As a result, most families in China live the children, parents, grandparents together. This contrary is a miniature of American and Chinese political system.The two completely different systems both have superiorities and inferiors. In China, the legislature, judiciary and executive are all made up of National Peoples Congress (NPC). While the U.S. owns the independent parliament, independent court and independent presidentcalled the separation of powers. Why does China persevere with the Peoples Congress System instead of the separation of powers? I have to admit Chinese system is not as democratic as in the U.S., but being not democratic enough does not mean it is not a good system. Instead, the NPC is the most suitable system for present China. It is because that the greatest feature of the large population base-1.3 billion people. If China should implement everyones democracy, the efficiency would step into an awfully low status, the funds would be spent too much, which would lead to the result that the interests of people can not be protected timely or effectively. So, if now China wants to adopt a new policy or elect a new leading member, under the NPC system, we will choose deputies from country sides, towns, counties, and cities who are elected by local common people, then the national, provincial deputies are elected indirectly by the low ranking deputies. These deputies are on behalf of the most common peoples fundamental interests considering the efficiency. Yet, just because of the number of deputies is small, it may lead to the co centralization of powers, and maybe some common peoples views will be ignored. In the contrast, the separation of powers in the U.S. realizes the decentralization of powers. So it can reduce the abuse of powers, to a certain extent, it is more democratic. However, that may lead to a big expense of efficiency sometimes at the price of ignoring or sacrificing common peoples interests. Take an easy example, supposing there is a big disaster happened, China would take quick actions as fast as possible, while the U.S.A would discuss with the consortium wasting much time, which may delay the best timing for rescuing. In the realization of common democracy, one of American dominance is the small number of population. Moreover, it is a nation of immigration, most American advocate freedom and individualism, so the democratic system is the inevitable consequence. In the opposite way, from the ancient agefor about 5,000 years of history, Chinese advocate more about the collectivism and the spirit of sacrificing himself all the time, so Chinese regard more seriously about the interests of the whole nation.In a word, by so many comparisons and contrasts, we can not judge arbitrarily which political system is wonderful or awful. Instead, we should treat and comment them dialectically. The system of government is the product of a whole countrys history, culture, values and morality, etc. So, lets come to my conclusion: the most suitable political system is the best one for its nation. Reference:Contemporary American (second edition)by Russell Duncan, Joseph Goddard.