第6讲句子的翻译：简洁、精炼(二).ppt
译文的简洁、精炼（二）,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,转移修辞法、矛盾修辞法 转移修辞法王夫人笑的用手指着凤姐儿，只说不出话来Lady Wang pointed an accusing finger at Xifeng；父亲脸色凝重，一言不发。Father remained a frosty reserve.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,转移修辞法转移修辞法的心理基础：将本该评价行为的态度成分，转移到与之逻辑无关的客体对象或时间上。如：风度翩翩地走进make a dignified entrance;鄙视地耸了耸肩shrug a scornful shoulder;手指着，责备道：point an accusing finger at;淘气地向某人扔石块throw a mischievous pebble;,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,转移修辞法转移修辞法的心理基础：将本该评价行为的态度成分，转移到与之逻辑无关的客体对象或时间上。疲乏、沉重地踱步plod my weary way;那些悲伤的日子sad days;令人紧张的时刻nervous hours;泪流满面地离开take a tearful leave of,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,转移修辞法转移修辞法的心理基础：将两个本该并列的行为动作、存续状态、心理感受，用一个修饰另一个，形式上表现为分词/形容词+名词，当然，更为重要的语义作为附着目标。（两人）笑着，说着exchange smiling words with;独居一隅，孤陋寡闻isolated ignorance;心中满是惭愧，小心地做guilty caution;结婚六年，没有生小孩six years of married childlessness 尴尬不堪，一言不发 Fall in awkward silence,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,转移修辞法转移修辞法的心理基础：将主体的心理感受、身体状态转移到与之逻辑无关的空间共存物上。睡在床上百无聊赖，就起来get out of my dreary bed;他非常饥饿，抬起手臂。take up his starved arm;又高兴地喝了几杯。drink a few more cheerful cups;临死前的愿望his dying wish;in ones dying bed他在床上辗转反侧，彻夜难眠。Toss on the sleepless bed;,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,矛盾修辞法你说的话虽然是废话，却也很有趣。You are talking interesting nonsenseParting is such sweet sorrow.这是一片听得见的寂静，连普通的声音听起来也显得一样。There was an audible stillness,in which the common voice sounded strange.对我来说，忙碌的写作就是休闲。To me,writing is busy idleness.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,矛盾修辞法那消息让她悲喜交加。She was agreeably grieved.雷鸣般的沉默Thunderous silence与其做一个愚蠢的智者，不如做一个聪明的愚人Better a witty fool than a foolish wit,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,一些并列的语法结构，英译时可以处理为修饰与被修饰成分。这让我们既愉快又吃惊得看到This leads to our pleasantly shocked realization that.他初次尝试虽然遭遇了失败，但仍然有人从此间预测它最终将会取得成功。这些人尽管很失望，但仍然非常有几分高兴。Those who judged on his ultimate success by the failure of his attempt was agreeably disappointed.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,独立结构。独立结构能够省去很多不必要的功能词，使得形式更为简洁。从风格上看，它比普通的从句要更为正是一些。如：屋子又黑又空荡荡的，和我记忆中的大不一样了。Dark and empty,the house looked very different from the way I remembered.护林员是一位森林防火专家，他对露营者讲述了在森林中的安全问题。An expert in fire control,the forest ranger talked to the campers about safety in the woods.一切东西，从铁、空气到水，都是由原子组成的。Iron,air and water,everything is made up of atoms.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,鲨鱼有流线型的体形，又是海里的嗜血者，具有非同寻常的嗅觉。Streamlined swimmers and bold hounds of the sea,sharks are quipped with an extrodinary sense of smell.我们置身无能的境地，只能眼巴巴地看着半年的食物被毁了。Helpless,we watched half a years food destroyed before our eyes.成熟之后，这些苹果是很甜的。(When)ripe,these apples are quite sweet.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,他一手持鞭，另一手持缰绳，策马快奔。Whip in one hand and rein in the other,he urged the horse on.班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会。The monitor being ill,wed better put the meeting off.天气允许的话，我们将于明天比赛。Weather permitting,well have the match tomorrow.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,这个问题解决了，所以我们就回家了。The question（being）settled,we went back home.他凝视着，双手插在胸前。He gazed,his hands clasped to his chest.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,介词结构表述方式、对比、原因、状态等。我们边喝茶边商量吧。Lets discuss over a cup of tea.我很早就知道这件事了。I know it from old(from way back).走了一会儿，我开始感到热了。I bagan to feel hot from walking.在绘画方面我不如他。Im behind him in drawing.这个问题我理解不了。This problem is beyond my depth.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,cure sb of a disease;rid a warehouse of rats;deprive sb of his reghts;他跟第一名仅差一秒钟。He is only one seconnd off number one.他俩年龄相隔30岁。There are 30 yeas between them.再过3年她30岁了。She is 3 years off 30.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,这顿午饭我来付钱。This lunch is on me.这两次爆炸相隔一小时。The two explosions were an hour apart.正在产奶的奶牛A cow in milk这台发电机发电量达、体积小、耗煤量低。The generator is large in capacity,small in size,and low in coal consumption.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,这样做有失你的身份。This is below/beneath you.他失业了。He is between jobs.他不会说谎的。He is above telling lies.这个问题不值得注意。It is beneath notice.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,兴儿笑嘻嘻的在炕沿下一头吃，一头将荣府之事备细告诉他母女。（红楼梦第65回）Joker smiling broadly,proceeded,between large sips of wine,to give a detailed expose of the Rong Mansion.（霍克斯）在四个领导的齐心协力下，灌溉工程很快完成了。Between the four leaders,the irrigation project was soon completed.他对着目录检查了物品。He checked the items against the list.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,连字号引导的分词结构，或其他功能的结构作前置定语。如：遭受台风袭击的孟加拉国 the cyclone-hit Bangladesh为贫所困的农民 the poverty-stricken peasants 用辣椒炖的牛肉 the chilli-stewed beef时间紧迫的考试a time-pressed test台风吹到的大树typhoon-prostrated trees 风吹晃动的柳树the wind-swayed willows,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,淡季销售Off-season sales在职培训On-the-job training提供自己动手的用具的商店a do-it-yourself shop不限定时间与车次的火车票，通用票a go-as-you-please railway ticket五岁的孩子a five-year-old child十吨卡车a ten-ton vehicle,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,六英尺高的墙a six-foot wall五分钟休息a five-minute interval低飞的飞机low-flying aircraft速溶白糖quick-dissolving sugarwell-knownbad-temperedtime-savingtime-consuming,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,宽口径专业wide-scoped majors他签订了一份为期三年的租房合同，该房子有四个卧房。He signed a three-year tenancy agreement for the four-bedroom apartment.中国主要依赖于劳动密集型企业。China still relies heavily on labour-intensive industries.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,88比77战胜88-77 victory over.(体育比分之间)内战之后的时期post-Civil War period 从纽约到伦敦航班New York-London flight,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,副词常常有从句的功能，能对整个句子做出评价。如：1.据称，测谎器的成功率高达90%，这颇有吸引力，但却让人误入歧途。The success rate of up to 90%claimed for lie detectors is misleadingly attractive.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,她原本期待会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。这是不合乎情理的事儿。Illogically,she had expected some kind of miracle solution.哈罗德先生没有流露出自己的情感，只是察言观色，心领神会。这是他这个人的特点。Characteristicly,Mr Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,试着翻译以下句子，注意副词的用法：从内涵意义上看，前一个词比后一个词更为复杂。Connotatively,the former word is more complicated than the latter one.她以她高超的烹调技艺为傲，这是情有可原的。She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.司法部门如果对此不闻不问，那就是没有尽到责任。Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,无灵主语句：无灵视角倾向：无灵句形式上让视角多变，内容上更显客观或活泼。表示时间、地点、状态、原因、受动、心理与感觉的语义成分都可以作为无灵主语。1、主语是某种心理感受，谓语选择creep,strike,seize,dawn,catch,worm into,grip,enter,register,overcome,take possesion of,surround,give way to,desert,pass,tear等词汇整个村庄笼罩在恐怖之中。Fear gripped the village.（Fear gripped his heart.）,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,他失去了勇气。Courage deserted him.一股淡淡的伤感涌上心头。A tinge of melanchony struck me.他愤怒的说不出话。Anger choked my words.现在人们已经从乐观变为怀疑了。By now optimism had given way to doubt他从没有想过娶她为王后。To make her his queen never entered his mind,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,他失去了勇气。Courage deserted him.一股淡淡的伤感涌上心头。A tinge of melanchony struck me.他愤怒的说不出话。Anger choked my words.现在人们已经从乐观变为怀疑了。By now optimism had given way to doubt,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,2、主语选择心理动作，谓语选择fill,give,make等“使变化”的词汇看到着孤寂的景象，我心中满是凄凉。The sight of the desolation filled me with forlornness.只要一想起母亲，他就会充满勇气，把事情做完。Only the thought of his mother gave him the strength to go on doing it.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,见丈人在眼前，恐怕又要挨骂。The sight of his father-in-law made Fanjin afraid that he was in for another cursing.一想起这件事情，他就会觉得生活增添了许多滋味。The remembrance of this incident will add zest to his life.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,3、主语的内容为心理对象，谓语选择slip,lend,elude,escape,stump,fail等词汇，宾语选择逻辑施事。我想不起他的名字。His name escaped me at the moment.这个句子把我给难住了。The sentence eludes me.我理解不了这个词。The word failed me.她长得不漂亮，又没有钱，还不太聪明。Like good looks and money,quick-mindedness passed her by.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,4、名词或名词化结构表示原因、目标，谓语动词使用“使产生变化”的词汇。包括使失去(deprive,cost,rob,bereave,disarm,prevent,diminish)；使增加(add,enbolden,brighten,win)；使无能(disable,incapcitate,disqualify)；使赋能(enable,empower,qualify,)；使免除(save,exonerate)；使保持状态(keep,make,)；状态变化类动词（throw,get,bring,temper）屠户被众人局不过，只得连斟两碗喝了，壮一壮胆，将平日的凶恶样子拿出来。Two bowls of wine bolstered up his courage,making him lose his scruples and start his usual rampaging.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,他因为有犯罪记录，所以不能进入斯坦福大学学习。His criminal record disqualified him from the addmission of Standford University.早点出发，中午你就会到达那里。An early start will get you there at noon.仔细比较一下，就会发现这两者在本质上是不同的。A careful comparison will show there is no resemblance between the two in nature.他非常气愤，话都说不出来。Indignation bereft him of speech.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,他的结局很悲惨，人们批评他的时候也不再那样严厉了。His melancholy end disarms censure of its asperity.小妹心地善良，性情温和，对她朋友的这种没有心肝的行为，实在看不顺眼。My sisters kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her friends callous behaviour.华盛顿给康威的短信，言简意赅，使他们陷入一片慌乱之中。The loconic nature of Washingtongs note to Conway had thrown them all in confusion.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,房子位于荒废的小巷里，破败陈旧，一片凄凉。The old and dilapidated house in the deserted lane made a dismal picture.议会解散以后，出现了动荡局面。Congress dissolution saw violent scenes.他的健康状况很差，无法实现他的梦想。Poor health incapacipated(disabled)him from realizing his dream.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,5、将时间、处所作为主语十天以后，他的军队就会土崩瓦解，他也就只剩下1400人了。Ten days would disband his corps and leave him 1400 men.1840-80年的40年间共有1000万人移民到美国。The forty years,1840-80,brought almost ten million migrants to America.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,刚解放的时候我的家乡几乎没有医院。Liberation found my hometown with few hospitals.东方破晓的时候，他早已经上路了。Dawn found him well along the road.在准备奥运会期间，北京发生了巨大的变化。Beijing witnesses great changes since the preparation of Olympic Games.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,6、事件做主语，表示时间的先后。他母亲死后不久，他又失去了三岁的女儿。（她失去了三岁的女儿，不久母亲又离他而去。）The death of his mother was followed/preceded by the loss of his three-year-old daughter.在总统到来之前，犯人就被执行死刑了。The execution of the prisoner preceded the presidents arrival.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,7、拟人手法，或其他地道结构 肉价涨得太快，我吃不起了。Pork has priced itself out of his dish.他走起路来，不知不觉平添了几分尊严。A new dignity crept into his steps.这事不能耽搁。The matter brooks no delay.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,红灯表示停车。The red light says stop.他焦虑万分，肝肠寸断。Anxiety tore him into pieces.这车的方向盘非常灵敏。The wheel of the car obeys the slightest touch.地毯很厚，走在上面一点声音也没有。The thick carpet kills the sound of my footsteps.,译者在简洁问题上需注意的要点,星期五那天，中国乒乓球队一早就到安亚伯附近去参加拥有22000名学生的密执安大学的现代化校园。他们和该校学生在校内自助餐厅一起排队买午餐，然后举行了一场表演赛。Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22,000 student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor,where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria line for lunch and later played an exhibition match.,美国第三任总统托马斯杰斐逊也许不像乔治华盛顿和亚伯拉罕林肯那样著名。Thomas Jefferson，the third president of the United States，may be less fa-mous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln,第二天夜晚这是他所经历过的最黑暗的一个夜晚海面上波涛汹涌，小船几乎被风浪掀翻。The next night，the blackest he had ever known，the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over,投资天堂,天津滨海新区已经成为目前中国经济最活跃、利用国际资本最多的地区之一，也是中国投资回报率最高的地区之一。2007年滨海新新区外贸出口总额达到245亿美元，累计实际利用外资231亿美元，直接利用外资合同金额76.68亿美元。滨海新区全方位开放格局初步形成，八个功能区和中新天津生态城，已经成为吸引国内外资金和技术的重要载体。摩托罗拉、三星、丰田、维斯塔斯风力发电、SEW精密机械、中集集装箱、100万吨乙烯炼化一体化、空客A320系列飞机总装线、新一代运载火箭产业化基地等一大批重大项目在这里落户。,世界资本的聚集在滨海新区形成了产业集群效应，电子信息、石油开采及加工、海洋化工、现代冶金、汽车及装备制造、食品加工和生物制药等十大主导产业已具备了雄厚的产业基础。这些产业科技含量高，产业链长，辐射功能强。目前，已经成为我国重要的大型石化基地、冶金基地，IT制造业居全国前列，石油套管产量跻身世界四强，全国1000多家企业为新区的产品配套，综合实力不断增强，带动效应十分明显。,A Paradise of Investment,Tianjin Binhai New Area(TBNA)has become one of the most economically dynamic areas in China,also one of the largest foreign capital absorbing and best investment-rewarded areas.In 2007 the total value of export trade in TBNA hit US$24.5 billion,while the foreign investment(the foreign funds utilized)was US$23.1 billion and the foreign-related contract value tallied$7.668.In TBNA,an all-around opening pattern has taken shape:the eight functional zones and Sino-Singapore Eco-city have become a lively vehicle for attracting(alluring)investment and introducing technology from both at home and abroad;a large number of projects have installed here,they are initiated by Motorola Inc,Samsung Electronics,Toyota Motor Corporation,Vestas company,Sew-Eurodrive(China)Holding Co.,Ltd.and China International Marine Containers(Group)Co.Ltd.,the One-million-ton Ethylene Refining-Chemical Integration Project,the Assemble Line of Airbus aircraft A320,the Industrialization Base of New generation Launch Vehicle.,The congregation of world capital in TBNA has brought forth an industry-cluster effect.The ten leading industries,including electronic information,petroleum exploitation and processing,ocean chemical engineering,modern metallurgy,automobile and equipment manufacturing,food processing,biopharmaceutical industry,all boast solid industrial foundation.These industries are sophisticated in production technology,long in industrial chain,and strong in radiating influence.At present,TBNA is Chinas important base of large-scale metallurgy and petrochemical industry.Its IT manufacturing industry leads China and the output of oil casing has forged ahead into the world top four.Besides,over 1,000 domestic enterprises provide materials and services for TBNA,adding to its overall strength which in return powers those enterprises.,参考书目,刘士聪.2002.汉英英汉美文翻译与欣赏.南京：译林出版社天津达沃斯论坛报告，2008.（中文、原译）杨宪益、戴乃迭.（译）1999.儒林外史.长沙：湖南人民出版社Hawkes,D.1973,1977,1980.The Story of The Stone.England:Penguin Books.,
