情态动词的用法.ppt

Grammar,modal verbs,First wealth is health.Q1:What should/shouldnt we do to keep healthy?Q2:What kind of food must we eat to be strong?Q3:What ought we to eat to stay slim?,主要情态动词,Can,couldMay,mightMust/have toNeedDareWill/wouldShall/should/ought to,What modal verbs have you learned?,高考中的情态动词特点,(浙江卷完成句子题中07年2题，08和09年未考),高考中的情态动词特点,1.情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待或估计某事的发生，不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。2.没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。3.不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语。4.情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接动词原形5.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。,只作情态动词的 can/could,may/might,ought to,must,可情态可实义的 need,dare,可情态可助动词的shall/should,will/would,相当于情态动词的have to,情态动词的语法特征,1.must&need&have to,注意：1)must 表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。,must do 对一般时的肯定推测,must have done 对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断,must be doing 对现在的动作进行肯定推测,e.g.他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱,They have bought a new car.They must have a lot of money.,他现在一定在看小说,He must be reading novels now.,路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。,The road is wet.It must have rained last night.,-Need he start from the beginning?-Yes,he must.-No,he neednt/doesnt have to.,1.作情态动词时,仅用于否定或疑问句,后接动词原形,表“需要”,2)need,You neednt return the book now.,2.neednt have done 表示做了本不必要做的事情,意为“本不必要”,Our color TV set is still good enough.You neednt have bought a new one.,3.作实义动词时,表示“需要”，有人称、时态、和数的变化,He needs to finish it this evening.The classroom needs cleaning.,4)注意对need问句的回答:-Need I finish the work today?-Yes,_.No,_.No,_.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,neednt 对其它情态动词的回答:-Shall I tell John about it?-No,you _.-No,you _.,-Must we do it now?-No,you _.-No,you _.,neednt,dont have to,neednt,dont have to,1 表示某人通过努力克服困难做成某事,要用was/were able to.2 could,might,would 表委婉语气用于疑问句,答语仍须用 can,may,will.3 can 用于肯定句中,可表示”有时可能”,2.can/could,4.can/could have done“本可以，本可能做某事”用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断。,你本来可以考的更好。,You could have had a better mark.,5.can/could not have done 对过去发生行为进行推测:不可能做某事,1)刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。,I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.,2)门是锁着的，所以她不可能在家。,The door was locked，so she couldnt have been at home.,3.may/might,注意：might/may have done,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测，,1）他可能去医务室了。,He may have gone to the clinic.,2）他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。,He might have read about the news in the newspaper.,1.-May I use your pencil?-Yes,you may./No,you mustnt.,2.She may not be working now.3.John might be at home now.4.Helen may go on the trip with us,but she isnt very sure yet.,5.She may/might have read it in the paper.,6.He may not have finished reading the book.,4.will/would,5.shall,should 和ought to,You shall do as I say.(命令),1.在陈述句中,shall用于二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。,Shall I open the window for you？（征求意见）,2.在疑问句中,用于一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。,注意：,Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.(允诺),Nothing shall stop me doing it.(决心),Shall he fetch some water for you？（请求）,Young people should learn how to use computers.,3.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。,Every citizen ought to obey law.,You ought not to go.,You should/ought to have told her the truth earlier.,She shouldnt have left without saying a word.,4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该但”,ought to的语气更强烈,用于否定则表示“本不该但”,5.Should用于可能性推测时,表“应该，很可能”,They left at 5:30.They should get there now.,1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。,Dare(need)+S+VS+darent(neednt)+V,I darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he go yesterday?,六.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare,2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中,有人称、时态、和数的变化,He needs to go there himself.He has grown up,so we dont need to worry about him.,3.Sth(sb)need(want,request)+doing/to be done The house needs cleaning/to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.,表示推测情态动词的重要用法,肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测,must,对将来 对现在 对过去,情态动词,may,might,cant,couldnt,can,could,+V.+V.+have done常见must be+be doing,+V.+V.+have done+be doing 可以用not表示“可能不”,+V.+V.+have done+be doing,+V.+V.+have done+be doing,Exercises,I.Try to explain the meanings of the modal verbs in the following sentences.1.He can speak English well.2.You can go home now.3.That cant be true.4.Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park?5.They hunters are lost.They could starve.6.May I come in?7.He may give you some help?,ability,permission,guessing,request,possibility,permission,possibility,8.Dont worry.I will help you.9.Often he would dress up like a rich man.10.Would you like to join us for dinner?You shall have the ticket as soon as I get it.You should arrive at the airport two hours before he goes.It is five oclock.He should turn up soon.Wang Feng wins an award every year.He must be strong.,promise,past habit,request,promise,prediction,advice,speculation,2.用情态动词完成句子1).Youve been working all day.You_ be very tired.2).(The doorbell rings)I wonder who that is.It _ be Lisa.Shes still in the library at this time.3).It is a long time since we met last time.You _ come and see us more often.,must,cant,should,4.I havent decided where Im going for my holidays.I _ go to Australia.5.My fathers birthday is ccoming.What _ I give him?6.Why dont you try on this dress?It _ look nice on you.,may,shall,will,7.“Who was the man talking with your teacher?”“Im not sure.It _ be her brother.”8.I dont know when the guests _behere.They _arrive at any time.,might,will,could,3.完成下列句子：1.I dont know where she is,she _.(可能在武汉）(be)2.At this moment,our teacher _（想必在批改）our exam papers.(mark/grade)3.The road is wet.It _(一定下雨了）last night.(rain)4.Your mother _（一定一直在找你）(look),may be in Wuhan,gradingmust be marking,must have rained,must have been looking for you.,5.Philip _ seriously in the car accident.(可能受了重伤).(hurt)6.-Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.-She _(可能走了)by bus.(go)7.Mike _(一定还没有找回)his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.,may(might)have been hurt,may(might)have gone,cant have found,4.Multiple-choice,1.Isnt that Anns husband over there?No,it _ be him.Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.(04全国I 29)A.cant B.must not C.wont D.may not2.Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You _ her last week.(04福建32)A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told3.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _ report it to the police?(04广西21)A.should B.may C.will D.can4.Mr.White _ at 8:30 for the meeting,but he didnt show up.(04广西27)A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving5.Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry,I am not sure.But it _ be.(04湖北26)A.might B.will C.must D.can,6.Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.(04湖南28)A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt7.I dont mind telling you what I know.You _.Im not asking you for it.(04江苏22)A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt8.Mum,Ive been studying English since 8 oclock._ I go out and play with Tom for a while?No,Im afraid not.Besides,its raining outside now.(04辽宁29)A.Cant B.Wouldnt C.May not D.Wont9.You _ be tired youve only been working for an hour.(04全国II 29)A.must not B.wont C.cant D.may not10.Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.(04上海28)A.must B.may C.can D.need,11.Who is the girl standing over there?Well,if you _ know,her name is Mabel.(04天津31)A.may B.can C.must D.shall12.I _ pay Tracy a visit,but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.(04浙江26)A.should B.might C.would D.could13.“The interest_be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides,”declared the judge.(04重庆24)A.may B.should C.must D.shall14.He paid for a seat,when he _ have entered free.(05年山东34)A.could B.would C.must D.need15.He _ have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.(05年北京26)A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant,16.I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.(05年天津14)A.shouldnt B.couldnt C.mustnt D.neednt17.Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.It _ Harrys.He always wears green.(05年广东33)A.has to be B.will be C.mustnt be D.could be18.Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?Something _ to him.(05年江西22)A.must happen B.should have happened C.could have happened D.must have happened19.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow.(05年浙江9)A.should B.must C.will D.can 20.Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She _.Ive already borrowed one.(05年湖南24)A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt,21.This cake is very sweet.You _ a lot of sugar in it.(05年辽宁26)A.should put B.could have put C.might put D.must have put22.I was on the high way when this car went past followed by a police car.They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour.(05年重庆33)A.should have been doing B.must have been doing C.could have done D.would have done23.Tom,you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!(05年全国I 26)A.wouldnt B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not24.Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh,no,I forgot.I _ her now.(05年全国III 8)A.will be calling B.will call C.call D.am to call25.John,look at the time._ you play the piano at such a late hour?(05年全国III 19)A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need,26.Helen _ go on the trip with us,but she isnt quite sure yet.(05年安徽26)A.shall B.must C.may D.can27.Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You _ it.I could manage it myself.(05年福建31)A.neednt d B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done28.There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.(05年上海27)A.mustnt B.shant C.shouldnt D.neednt 29.Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring,and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours.(06湖南32)A.can;have to B.may;can C.have to;may D.ought to;must30.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.(06江西24)A.should have taken B.could have taken C.neednt have taken D.mustnt have taken,31.Theres no light on they _ be at home.(06全国I、II卷24)A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt32.May I smoke here?If you _,choose a seat in the smoking section.(06山东30)A.should B.could C.may D.must33.We _ have proved great adventurers,but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.(06天津11)A.neednt B.may not C.shouldnt D.mustnt34.Whats the name?Khulaifi._ I spell that for you?(06北京25)A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might35.Is Jack on duty today?It _ be him.Its his turn tomorrow.(06四川32)A.mustnt B.wont C.cant D.neednt,36.Could I have a word with you,mum?Oh dear,if you _.(06浙江19)A.can B.must C.may D.should37.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing,I would invite her to the party.(06福建27)A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not38.The workers will go on strike if the demands they _ put forward are turned down.(06福建32)A.could B.would C.不填 D.had39.As you worked late yesterday,you _ have come this morning.(06陕西19)A.neednt B.maynt C.cant D.mustnt40.I think Ill give Bob a ring.You _.You havent been in touch with him for ages.(06江苏21)A.will B.may C.have to D.should,Thanks a lot!,