供热工程课程设计说明书.doc

第一章 设计条件1.1 设计概况1.建筑物所在地区：西宁2.建筑面积：101786.92m²3.面积热指标：45W/m24.建筑物高度：所有建筑物高6层，层高3米5.热媒及参数：设计供回水温度为：95/706.气象资料：室外采暖计算温度=-13、供暖期室外平均温度=-3.2、供暖天数n=165。1.2 课程设计内容1.计算设计热负荷，绘制热负荷随室外温度的变化曲线和热负荷延续时间图.2.确定供热系统形式.3.布置管道，配置必需的管道附件。画出管道平面布置图及计算简图并进行水力计算.4.绘制网路主干线水压图，确定定压方式。5.布置热力站。换热器选型，确定循环水泵及补给水泵的流量及扬程；气压罐的选择积水处理器的选择计算。第二章 供热系统的热负荷2.1供暖设计热负荷的计算 本设计采用面积热指标法，其公式为： 式中：建筑物总的供暖设计热负荷，KW； F建筑物的建筑面积，；本设计有24个单元共82栋楼，总建筑面积为101786.92。 建筑物供暖面 积热指标，；在这里选定为45。=45×101786.92×=4580.4KW住宅编号如下：每栋楼具体负荷见下表：表2-1 采暖负荷计算表建筑编号栋数建筑面积m²面积热指标W/m²设计热负荷KW住宅111042.664546.9197住宅234255.9845191.5191住宅322458.5245110.6334住宅445663.4445254.8548住宅544170.6445187.6788住宅634207.9845189.3591住宅755153.345231.8985住宅834207.9845189.3591住宅943657.0445164.5668住宅1055036.945226.6605住宅1155153.345231.8985住宅1234351.9845195.8391住宅1344170.6445187.6788住宅1434920.7845221.4351住宅1544170.6445187.6788住宅1634351.9845195.8391住宅1734170.6445187.6788住宅1844920.7845221.4351住宅1923280.5245147.6234住宅2034207.9845189.3591住宅2134351.9845195.8391住宅2255213.345234.5985住宅2334351.9845195.8391住宅2434315.9845194.2191总计82101786.924580.41142.2热负荷图2.2.1供暖热负荷随室外温度变化曲线 热负荷随室外气温的变化关系 式中:供暖室内计算温度；本设计中取18。供暖室外计算温度，；西宁市供暖室外计算温度-13。变化室外温度，。表2-2 热负荷随室外温度变化室外温度供暖室外计算温度供暖设计热负荷KW室内计算温度供暖热负荷KW5-134580.4114181920.81774-134580.4114182068.57293-134580.4114182216.32812-134580.4114182364.08331-134580.4114182511.83850-134580.4114182659.5937-1-134580.4114182807.3489-2-134580.4114182955.1041-3-134580.4114183102.8593-4-134580.4114183250.6145-5-134580.4114183398.3697-6-134580.4114183546.125-7-134580.4114183693.8802-8-134580.4114183841.6354-9-134580.4114183989.3906-10-134580.4114184137.1458-11-134580.4114184284.901-12-134580.4114184432.6562-13-134580.4114184580.4114-14-134580.4114184580.4114-15-134580.4114184580.4114所以得供暖热负荷随室外温度变化曲线如下：2.2.2热负荷延续时间图（1）不同室外气温的延续时间确定 查供热工程附录表D-2得西宁对应室外温度的平均延续小时数，最后绘制图如下：2.3 年耗热量年耗热量Q=24×4580.4×（18+3.2）÷（18+13） ×165=12404345.09KW*h/a第三章 集中供热系统3.1 热源、介质的确定本小区采用热水作为介质，热源为蒸汽锅炉，热力站放置换热器置换热水。介质参数为95/70。3.2 系统形式该工程供热系统采用闭式双管支状管网系统，采用连通管连接以提高系统供热可靠性。用户均采用直接连接。3.3管网的走向实际定线时要掌握地质、水文资料，了解地下水位的高低，地上地下构筑物的情况，除了技术经济合理外还要考虑维修方便，一般应注意：（1）让管道尽量穿过负荷集中区。这一原则目前在大中城市里很难实现；（2）管网走向宜平行于道路和建筑物； （3）为了施工及维修管理方便，管道尽量敷设在人行道及绿化地带下；（4）尽量少穿越公路、铁路、河流及主要交通干线；（5）热力管道与其他管道以及建筑物、构筑物应保持一定的距离（包括水平距离和垂直净距）。（6）热网布置时应考虑适当考虑各小区管道连接方便及小区内负荷对称。3.4管径的选择流量的计算： 根据 x3.6 得设计总流量为G=157 。根据管网的平面布置图及各管段的流量查手册得出各管段的管径。各管段管径和流量见后面章节水力计算表。3.5管道的敷设形式本设计采用直埋敷设。3.6阀门的设计在满足要求和维修的条件下，尽量减少阀门的数量。（1）热力管道干线、支干线、支线的起点应安装关断阀门；（2）长距离输送的热水热网干线应安装分段阀门，分段阀门的间距建议为：输送干线，20003000m；输配干线，10001500m；详见管道布置平面图。3.7检查井的设置（1）检查井的数量力求最少，不应设在交通要道和人行车流频繁处。（2）地下敷设管道安装套筒补偿器、阀门时，应设置检查井。3.8支架及补偿器的设置固定支架间的最大允许间距可根据初步设计选定的管径查阅相关文献，当管径为125mm时，固定支架最大间距应为65m,当管径<100mm时，固定支架最大间距应为60m,每个固定支架之间必须设一个补偿器。第四章 水力计算4.1水力计算的步骤（1）画出水力计算简图，标出管道附件以及各管段计算流量G和管长L；（2）水力计算先从主干线开始，根据城市热力网设计规范，在一般的情况下，热水网路主干线的设计平均比摩阻，可取3070Pa/m进行计算。（3）根据网路主干线各管段的计算流量和初步选用的平均比摩阻值，利用简明供热设计手册的水力计算表，确定主干线各管段的标准管径和相应的实际比摩阻；（4）根据选用的标准管径和管段中局部阻力的形式，查简明供热设计手册，确定各管段局部阻力的当量长度Ld的总和，以及管段的折算长度LZH；（5）根据管段的折算长度LZH，以及比摩阻，计算主干线各管段的总压降；（6）主干线水力计算完成后，便可以进行热水网路支干线、支线等水力计算。管段编号如下：水力计算表如下：表4-1供水管最不利环路计算表管段段号热负荷流量D×管长L比摩阻R流速V局部阻力当量长度 长度之和折算长度管段压力损失KWt/h（mm）（M）（Pa/M）（M/S）mm（Pa）12 4580.4114157.0623069273×772.533.30.8850.17122.674084.91123 4539.2697155.651558273×712.631.50.8511.223.8749.734 4498.128154.2408091273×712.631.20.8513.3725.97810.26445 4456.9863152.8300602273×712.631.20.8511.223.8742.5656 4415.8446151.4193113273×78.129.20.8322.430.5890.667 3434.8797117.7820249219×622.360.91.031.6823.981460.38278 3371.76115.6176504219×62055.90.9913.3733.371865.38389 3308.6403113.4532759219×62055.90.9911.231.21744.08910 3245.5206111.2889014219×629.751.20.9526.856.52892.81011 3013.6221103.3371018219×630.8846.60.9128.9759.852789.011112 2781.723695.38530224219×64.2838.20.8211.215.48591.3361213 2585.884588.66997951219×629.8934.20.7832.3762.262129.2921314 2398.205782.23447345194×65.253.40.891.686.88367.3921415 2202.366675.51915071194×673.8548.20.8552.37126.226083.8041516 2155.446973.9102742194×616.4445.70.831935.441619.6081617 2108.527272.30139769194×61643.30.811.227.21177.761718 2061.607570.69252118194×61640.90.7813.3729.371201.2331819 2014.687869.08364466194×61640.90.7811.227.21112.481920 1967.768167.47476815194×68.3838.50.7622.430.781185.032021 1630.785655.91963822159×4.521.3372.60.921.6823.011670.5262122 1565.505953.68119731159×4.522.867.50.8913.3736.172441.4752223 1500.226251.4427564159×4.520.5962.60.8526.847.392966.6142324 1434.946549.20431549159×4.59.5855.60.811.220.781155.3682425 1240.727442.54454255159×4.532.8640.80.6958.6591.513733.6082526 865.369829.67353044133×413.5754.60.7132.445.972509.9622627 800.090127.43508953133×422.844.20.6411.2341502.82728 734.810425.19664862133×422.8380.5913.3736.171374.462829 669.530722.9582077133×463.8332.10.5463.57127.44089.542930 448.095615.36519812108×436.1344.50.5512.8849.012180.9453031 226.66057.77218854589×3.547.1636.30.4463.05110.214000.6233132 181.32846.21775083673×3.515.868.80.521.6817.481202.6243233 135.99634.66331312773×3.515.8380.3924.5740.371534.063334 90.66423.10887541857×3.515.8760.4612.8828.682179.683435 45.33211.55443770945×2.52062.60.367.827.81740.28表4-2 支管水力计算表管段号热负荷流量D×管长L比摩阻R流速V局部阻力当量长度之和折算长度管段压力损失22.141.14171.41074889345×2.51154.80.3311.222.21216.5633.141.14171.41074889345×2.61154.80.3311.222.21216.5644.141.14171.41074889345×2.71154.80.3311.222.21216.5655.141.14171.41074889345×2.81154.80.3311.222.21216.5666.1980.964933.63728642133×427.7680.837.9765.674465.566.16.1.1442.533615.17447714108×414.644.50.5553.5768.173033.5656.1.16.1.1.163.71372.18474277357×3.54.836.20.3361.3766.172395.3546.1.16.1.2378.819912.98973437108×41633.40.4911.227.2908.486.1.26.1.2.163.71372.18474277357×3.54.836.20.3313.3718.17657.7546.1.26.1.3315.106210.804991689×3.51668.70.611.227.21868.646.1.36.1.3.163.71372.18474277357×3.54.836.20.3311.216579.26.1.36.1.4251.39258.62024882589×3.516410.4712.8828.881184.086.1.46.1.4.163.71372.18474277357×3.54.836.20.3313.3718.17657.7546.1.46.1.5187.67886.43550605289×3.52823.20.3511.239.2909.446.1.56.1.5.146.91971.60887651345×2.54.866.70.3726.831.62107.726.1.56.1.6140.75914.82662953973×3.52041.20.428.9748.972017.5646.1.66.1.6.146.91971.60887651345×2.54.866.70.3711.2161067.26.1.66.1.793.83943.21775302657×3.520810.4721.1741.173334.776.1.76.1.7.146.91971.60887651345×2.54.866.70.3712.8817.681179.2566.1.76.1.846.91971.60887651345×2.524.866.70.3752.3777.175147.2396.16.2538.431318.46280928108×4164.10.66192012826.26.2.1189.35916.49312353989×3.514.523.20.3511.225.7596.246.2.16.2.1.163.11972.16437451357×3.54.836.20.3313.3718.17657.7546.2.16.2.2126.23944.32874902673×3.520.241.20.411.231.41293.686.2.26.2.2.163.11972.16437451357×3.54.836.20.3311.216579.26.2.26.2.363.11972.16437451357×3.522.836.20.3312.8835.681291.6166.26.3349.072211.96968574108×430.828.50.4413.3744.171258.8456.36.3.1110.63343.79361928673×3.51526.30.3226.841.81099.346.3.16.3.1.163.71372.18474277357×3.53.836.20.3311.2155436.3.16.3.246.91971.60887651345×2.52266.70.3747.4569.454632.3156.36.3.3238.43888.17606645289×3.522410.4743.665.62689.66.3.36.3.3.165.27972.23844091357×3.53.836.20.3311.2155436.3.36.3.4173.15915.93762553973×3.521.564.40.5113.3734.872245.6286.3.46.3.4.163.11972.16437451357×3.53.836.20.3352.3756.172033.3546.3.46.3.5110.03943.77325102673×3.52026.30.3212.8832.88864.7446.3.56.3.5.163.11972.16437451357×3.53.836.20.3363.0566.852419.976.3.56.3.646.91971.60887651345×2.53066.70.3712.8842.882860.09677.163.11972.16437451357×3.59.436.20.3311.220.6745.7288.163.11972.16437451357×3.69.436.20.3311.220.6745.7299.163.11972.16437451357×3.79.436.20.3311.220.6745.721010.1231.89857.95179956589×3.521.5410.4761.3782.873397.6710.110.1.146.37971.59035991345×2.54.866.70.3711.2161067.210.110.2185.51886.36143965289×3.515.723.20.3513.3729.07674.42410.210.2.146.37971.59035991345×2.54.866.70.3711.2161067.210.210.3139.13914.77107973973×3.51641.20.411.227.21120.6410.310.3.146.37971.59035991345×2.54.866.70.3712.8817.681179.25610.310.492.75943.18071982657×3.515.8810.4713.3729.172362.7710.410.4.146.37971.59035991345×2.54.866.70.3711.2161067.210.410.546.37971.59035991345×2.521.566.70.3726.848.33221.611111.1231.89857.95179956589×3.512410.4728.9740.971679.7711.111.1.146.37971.59035991345×2.54.866.70.3711.2161067.211.111.2185.51886.36143965289×3.515.723.20.3521.1736.87855.38411.211.2.146.37971.59035991345×2.54.866.70.3712.8817.681179.25611.211.3139.13914.77107973973×3.51641.20.452.3768.372816.84411.311.3.146.37971.59035991345×2.54.866.70.371923.81587.4611.311.492.75943.18071982657×3.515.8810.4711.227218711.411.4.146.37971.59035991345×2.54.866.70.3713.3718.171211.93911.411.546.37971.59035991345×2.521.566.70.3711.232.72181.091212.1195.83916.71532273989×3.520.623.20.3511.231.8737.7612.112.1.165.27972.23844091357×3.54.536.20.3312.8817.38629.15612.112.2130.55944.47688182673×3.522.641.20.413.3735.971481.96412.212.2.165.27972.23844091357×3.54.536.20.3326.831.31133.0612.212.365.27972.23844091357×3.52836.20.3311.239.21419.041313.1187.67886.43550605289×3.51123.20.3547.4558.451356.0413.113.1.146.91971.60887651345×2.54.866.70.3743.648.43228.2813.113.2140.75914.82662953973×3.515.641.20.411.226.81104.1613.213.2.146.91971.60887651345×2.54.866.70.3713.3718.171211.93913.213.393.83943.21775302657×3.516810.4752.3768.375537.9713.313.3.146.91971.60887651345×2.54.866.70.3712.8817.681179.25613.313.446.91971.60887651345×2.52166.70.3763.0584.055606.1351414.1195.83916.71532273989×3.520.923.20.3512.8833.78783.69614.114.1.165.27972.23844091357×3.54.536.20.3313.3717.87646.89414.114.2130.55944.47688182673×3.522.641.20.412.8835.481461.77614.214.2.165.27972.23844091357×3.54.536.20.331923.5850.714.214.365.27972.23844091357×3.52836.20.3361.3789.373235.1941515.146.91971.60887651345×2.51166.70.3711.222.21480.741616.146.91971.60887651345×2.61166.70.3711.222.21480.741717.146.91971.60887651345×2.71166.70.3711.222.21480.741818.146.91971.60887651345×2.81166.70.3711.222.21480.741919.146.91971.60887651345×2.91166.70.3711.222.21480.742020.1336.982511.5551299389×3.527.8750.6337.9765.774932.7520.120.1.1189.35916.49312353989×3.51923.20.3511.230.2700.6420.1.120.1.1.163.11972.16437451357×3.54.536.20.3326.831.31133.0620.1.120.1.2126.23944.32874902673×3.52041.20.428.9748.972017.56420.1.220.1.2.163.11972.16437451357×3.54.536.20.3311.215.7568.3420.1.220.1.363.11972.16437451357×3.524.536.20.3321.1745.671653.25420.120.1.4147.62345.06200638673×3.519.541.20.412.8832.381334.05620.1.420.1.4.173.81172.53100319357×3.54.536.20.3352.3756.872058.69420.1.420.1.573.81172.53100319357×3.527.536.20.331946.51683.32121.165.27972.23844091357×3.511.536.20.3311.222.7821.742222.165.27972.23844091357×3.611.536.20.3311.222.7821.742323.165.27972.23844091357×3.711.536.20.3311.222.7821.742424.1194.21916.65977293989×3.53023.20.3511.241.2955.8424.124.1.164.73972.21992431357×3.54.536.20.3312.8817.38629.15624.124.2129.47944.43984862673×3.522.541.20.413.3735.871477.84424.224.2.164.73972.21992431357×3.54.536.20.3326.831.31133.0624.224.364.73972.21992431357×3.52736.20.3311.238.21382.842525.1375.357612.8710121108×434.833.40.4947.4582.252747.1525.125.1.1187.67886.43550605289×3.51523.20.3543.658.61359.5225.1.125.1.1.162.55962.14516868457×3.54.536.20.3311.215.7568.3425.1.125.1.2125.11924.29033736873×3.520.141.20.413.3733.471378.96425.1.225.1.2.162.55962.14516868457×3.54.536.20.3352.3756.872058.69425.1.225.1.362.55962.14